❤心理单词本 •°∴ ❤．．•°．•°∴  ❤．．•°．•°∴ ❤．．•°


      rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT): 理性情绪行为疗法
      philosophically: adv.哲学上
      empirically: adv.以经验为主地，凭经验地
      self-defeating: a.自我挫败的
      subconscious: n.潜意识; a.潜意识的
      clinical psychologist: n. 临床心理学家
      psychotherapist: n.精神治疗医师，心理医生
      psychologist: n.心理学家
      cognitive behavior therapy (CBT): 认知行为疗法
      psychoanalysis: n.精神分析（学），心理分析（学）
      psychotherapy: n.精神疗法，心理疗法
      psychiatrist: n.精神病学专家，精神病医师
      Stoicism: n. 斯多葛哲学  


 ❤What Is Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy •°∴ ❤．．•°．•°∴  ❤．．•°．•°∴ ❤．．•°


      Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), previously called Rational Therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy, is a comprehensive, active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives.

      理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）--最初被称为理性治疗（Rational Therapy，简称RT）和理性情绪疗法（Rational Emotive Therapy，简称RET）--是一种基于哲学和经验基础之上、全面性的、并具有积极指导性的心理疗法。它的主要目标是帮助患者解决情绪和行为方面的问题和烦恼，并使得人们能够生活得更快乐、更充实。


      The fundamental to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is the concept that emotional suffering results primarily, though not completely, from our evaluations of a negative event, not solely by the events themselves. In other words, human beings on the basis of their belief system actively, though not always consciously, disturb themselves, and even disturb themselves about their disturbances.

      理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）的根本基础在于如下的观念：情绪上的痛苦，尽管不是全部，但最主要是来自我们对消极事件的评价和看法，而非仅仅事件本身。换句话说，尽管并不总是有意识地，但人类在自身信念体系基础上会主动地扰乱自己，甚至就其自身的紊乱来扰乱自己。


      Therefore, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) attempts to use reason and rationality to recognize self-defeating cognitive processes, and learn to emote more appropriately. Effectively, the idea is that subconscious destructive behaviors are consciously acknowledged and then subverted in favor of more constructive behavior.

      因此，理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）尝试通过理性来理解自我挫败性的认知过程，并学习如何更恰当地表达感情。事实上，其思路就是：对潜意识中消极性行为，通过有意识地、理性地识别它，进而推翻和颠覆它，使其转化为更具建设性的行为。


      Sounds simple? (-"-) Actually, it is complicated. Let's learn more about it bit by bit, starting from its history.

      听起来蛮简单？ (-"-) 其实，它挺复杂的。让我们一点一点地慢慢来深入了解它吧，就先从起源说起。


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 ❤The Origine of REBT •°∴ ❤．．•°．•°∴  ❤．．•°．•°∴ ❤．．•°


      Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was created and developed by the American psychotherapist and psychologist Albert Ellis who was inspired by many of the teachings of Asian, Greek, Roman and modern philosophers. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is one form of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and was first expounded by Ellis in the mid-1950s; development continued until his death in 2007.

      理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）是美国精神治疗医师和心理学家Albert Ellis从亚洲、希腊、罗马和现代哲学家们的学说中得到启示后而创立和发展起来的。理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）是认知行为疗法(CBT)的一种形式，最先由Albert Ellis在20世纪50年代中期进行了相关阐述，并在其死后（2007年）仍不断发展。


      In the mid-1950's, Dr. Albert Ellis, a clinical psychologist trained in psychoanalysis, became disillusioned with the slow progress of his clients. He observed that they tended to get better when they changed their ways of thinking about themselves, their problems, and the world. Ellis reasoned that therapy would progress faster if the focus was directly on the client's beliefs, and thus was born the method now known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT).

      在20世纪50年代中期，接受过精神分析培训的临床心理学家Dr. Ablert Ellis突然对其患者一直以来的缓慢进展有所醒悟。他注意到：当患者们改变对他们自身以及问题和周围世界的思考方式时，他们往往能过得更好。因此，Ellis推想，如果将治疗的关注点直接放在患者本身的信念和看法上，那么治疗将会获得更快速、更有效的进展。于是也就诞生了如今被称为理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）的治疗方式。


      Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was originally called "Rational Therapy", soon changed to "Rational-Emotive Therapy" and again in the early 1990's to "Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy". Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is one of a number of "cognitive-behavioural" therapies, which, although developed separately, have many similarities – such as Cognitive Therapy (CT), developed by Psychiatrist Aaron Beck in the 1960's. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)and CT together form the basis of the family of psychotherapies known as "Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy". Over the past half century, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) has developed significantly, and continues to change.

      理性情绪行为疗法（REBT），最初被称为”理性治疗“（Rational Therapy，简称RT），不久又改为”理性情绪疗法“（Rational Emotive Therapy，简称RET），并在20世纪90年代初改为现在的名称。它是认知行为疗法的一种方式，尽管独立发展，但两者仍然有许多相似处，比如精神病学专家Aaron Beck在20世纪60年代发展起来的认知疗法（CT）。REBT和CT一起构建了”认知行为疗法“这个精神疗法大家庭的基础。在过去的50年中，REBT获得了显著的发展，并不断与时俱进。


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      Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of REBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. For example, Ellis' first major publication on rational therapy describes the philosophical basis of REBT as the principle that a person is rarely affected emotionally by outside things but rather by "his perceptions, attitudes, or internalized sentences about outside things and events."

      REBT的某些基础思想的前身和源头已被确认是各种古代哲学的传统思想，尤其是斯多葛哲学（斯多葛学派）。例如，Ellis在其第一个主要出版物中曾说，REBT的哲学基础是基于这样一个原理： 一个人很少会因外界事物本身而产生情绪波动，但会因为”TA自己对外界事物的看法、态度或者内在判断“而产生情绪波动。


      He adds, "This principle, which I have inducted from many psychotherapeutic sessions with scores of patients during the last several years, was originally discovered and stated by the ancient Stoic philosophers, especially Zeno of Citium (the founder of the school), Chrysippus (his most influential disciple), Panaetius of Rhodes (who introduced Stoicism into Rome), Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. The truths of Stoicism were perhaps best set forth by Epictetus, who in the first century A.D. wrote in the Enchiridion: 'Men are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of them.' Shakespeare, many centuries later, rephrased this thought in Hamlet: 'There's nothing good or bad but thinking makes it so.'"

      Ellis补充说，“我自己从过去几年间许多患者的心理治疗过程中推论得出的这一原则，最初是由古代斯多葛派哲学家们发现和阐述的，尤其是学派的创始人芝诺及其最有影响力的弟子克里西普斯，将斯多葛哲学传入罗马的彭纳修，还有塞尼卡、爱比克泰德和马尔库斯.奥勒留。爱比克泰德在其公元1世纪的手册中也许对斯多葛派哲学的精髓做了最好的阐述：‘人并不是因为事物而烦恼，而是因为他们对事物的看法。’许多世纪之后，莎士比亚在《哈姆雷特》中也重新表述了这一思想：‘世上事物本无好坏之分，思想使然而已。’“


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