同位语从句讲解

一、定义：主从复合句中用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。

（名词性从句之一）用以说明前面名词所表示的具体内容。

e.g. The news that our team had won the game made us excited.

      We heard the news that our team had won the game.

二、引导词：由连词that ; whether ;连接（代）副词who ;when ;where; how ;why 等引导。

三、先行词：常为某些抽象名词，如：news ; idea; word; fact; hope; doubt; belief; possibility; problem; question; thought; promise ;information; message; decision ; answer; reply等。

四、位置：常紧跟某些名词之后；但有时被其它词隔开，称分隔式同位语从句。

e.g.

1. The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people’s health.

2. I have no idea that he has already gone abroad /when he will be back /who broke the window /why she went home.

3. I have no doubt / There is no doubt that he will succeed.

4. I have some doubt /There is some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.

5. The belief that all roads lead to Rome is shared by many people.

6. The possibility that people would have to walk to the farm was mentioned.

7. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

8. We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.

9. Tom got a message from Mr Smith that there would be a test soon.

10. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15,2003.

11. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

五、语气：在suggestion; advice; order; request 等表示“建议，命令；要求”等词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词常用“（should） + 动词原形”虚拟结构。

e.g. 12.He gave many suggestions that we (should) get up earlier and take more exercise.

13.The government gave the order that all these houses (should)be pulled down in three weeks.

六、that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

	同位语从句	定语从句
语法角度 （that功能)	连词	关系代词
	连接作用	连接作用
	不充当成分	充当成分（主宾）
语义角度（与前面名词关系）	同位关系	所属关系
	说明名词具体内容	限定名词范围
	逻辑上主表关系	修饰与被修饰关系
That省略角度	一般不能省略	作宾语时可以省略
	不可用which	指物时可用which替

比较：

15.We expressed the hope (that/which) they had expressed.（定语从句）

We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. （同位语从句）

16.The news(that/which)he told me just now is true. （定语从句）

  The news that I have passed the exam is true.（同位语从句）

17.The advice(that/which)he gave was supported by us all.（定语从句）  

 The advice that we(should) set out at once was supported by us all.（同位语从句）

 

专项练习：

1.          The news _______ they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.

A. what     B. if      C. whether       D. that

_

2.        He made a promise ______ if anyone set him free He would make him very rich.

A. that      B. /      C. what       D. whether

3.        This is our only request that this _______ be settled as soon as possible.

A. /       B. would     C. might      D. could

4.        —It’s thirty years since we last met.

    —But I still remember the story，believe it or not，________ we got lost on a rainy night.

    A. which          B. that           C. what          D. when

5.        Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

A. why            B. that           C. where           D. because

6.        The fact has worried many scientists     the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what            B. which             C. that             D. though

7.        —Is there any possibility         you could pick me up at the airport?

—No problem.

A. when            B. that              C. whether          D. what

8.        We should consider the students’ request _______the school library provide more books on popular science.

A. that            B. when             C. which             D. where

9.        News came from the school office       Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A. which             B. what              C. that             D. where

10. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.

A. that                B. what             C. why              D. which

11. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.

　　A. that               B. what             C. which             D. why

12. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

　　A. what               B. that             C. why                D. when

13. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

　　A. which              B. that             C. /                   D. it

14. I have no idea ____ he will start.

　　A. when               B. that            C. what                 D./

15. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.

　　A. if                   B. that            C. whether             D. which

16. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.

　　A. when                B. which           C. what                 D. that

17. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.

　　A. which               B. whether         C. that                  D. what

18. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.

　　A. that                 B. as               C. of which             D. which

19. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

　　A. whether              B. where            C. that                 D. when

20. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.
A. that not all things can be done
B. because of not all things be done
C. being not all things can be done
D. because not all things can be done

21. One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.
A. what that       B. that what        C. that which        D. which that

22. I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.
A. if               B. that            C. whether           D. which

23. We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.
A. where           B. wherever         C. that           D. that wherever

24. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion ________ for a walk in the park.
A. we go            B. we will go          C. should we go     D. that we go

25. Three days later, word came ________our country had sent up another man-made satellite.
A. which            B. when              C. that            D. where

26. The fact _______ she had not said anything surprised all of us.
A. which            B. what              C. that             D. how

27. Now there is a danger ________ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.
A. whether          B. if                C. X                  D. that

28. At that time I had no idea ________ I could hand it to him without being seen.
A. if                 B. how             C. which              D. that how

29. Last Sunday he made a promise ________ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.
A. if                 B. that            C. that if              D. whether

30. Do you have any idea ________
A. when Miss Smith will arrive
B. when will Miss Smith arrive
C. how will Miss Smith arrive
D. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived

31. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

    A. while    B. that     C. when     D. as

32. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities; this is the information ____ has been put forward.

    A. what    B. that     C. when       D. as

33. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.

 A. it      B. which      C. this       D. that

34. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

    A. it      B. which       C. this         D. that

35. The fact_____ he failed in the exam is not the one______ he told me.

A. which; that   B. that;/    C. which; which     D./; that