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[转载]发现西王母

(2022-03-14 23:18:36)
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原文地址:发现西王母作者:培灵

 

     “西王母”的称谓,始见于《山海经》,因所居昆仑山在西方,又叫西昆仑,故称西王母。《山海经西山经》:山海经又西三百五十里曰玉山,是西王母所居也。西王母其状如人,豹尾虎齿而善啸,蓬发戴胜,是司天之厉及五残。意思是说西王母大致像个人,长着人的面,但是有着老虎的牙齿、豹子的身子,形状威猛,是一个半人半兽的怪物。掌管灾厉(瘟疫)和刑罚。后于流传过程中逐渐女性化与温和化,而成为慈祥的女神。相传王母住在昆仑仙岛,王母的瑶池蟠桃园,园里种有蟠桃,食之可长生不老。亦称为金母瑶池金母瑶池圣母西王母

昆仑山、玉山我已经推出在土耳其,昆仑山就是亚拉腊山。所以西王母住在土耳其。

        通过基祖瓦特纳是西周的破解,我发现了西王母的来源。  

现实版西王母-普度西帕

普度西帕Puduhepa是来自于基祖瓦特纳的公主,注意她是胡里特人,也就是中国人。她成为赫梯国王哈图西里三世的王后,他们(死后)进入赫梯的万神庙,BC13世纪末基祖瓦特纳的西帕女神成为赫梯宗教重要部分,在哈图沙发现了一本宗教总集叫做基祖瓦特纳宗教仪式大全。Puduhepa, queen of the Hittite king Hattusili III, came from Kizzuwatna, where she had been a priestess. Their pantheon was also integrated into the Hittite one, and the goddess Hebat of Kizzuwatna became very important in Hittite religion towards the end of the 13th century BC. A corpus of religious texts called the Kizzuwatna rituals was discovered at Hattusa.

[转载]发现西王母

她是古代近东最有影响的人物之一。She has been referred to as "one of the most influential women known from the Ancient Near East."

    公元前13世纪之初普度西帕出生在基祖瓦特纳拉瓦扎提亚城。她父亲本特沙里是本城守护神伊什塔尔的大祭司。普度西帕长大后也成为女祭司。Puduepa was born at the beginning of the 13th century BCE in the city of Lawazantiya in Kizzuwatna (i.e. Cilicia, a region south of the Hittite kingdom). Her father Bentepsharri was the head priest of the tutelary divinity of the city, Ishtar, and Puduepa grew up to exercise the function of priestess of this same goddess.

赫梯的将军哈图西力从卡迭石战役返回的路上遇上了普度西帕,伊什塔尔把她介绍给他为妻,让他们享受彼此的爱。她随他回到了哈披萨王国。因为普度西帕是旺夫的配偶。尽管哈图西力比她大很多而且有众多妻妾。普度西帕成为妻妾之首。当哈图西力在BC1286年的一场内战中击败侄儿木尔西力三世登上王位后,她成为王后。

 On his return from the Battle of Kadesh, the Hittite general Hattusili met Puduepa and, it was said, Ishtar instructed him to take her as his wife, decreeing that they would enjoy the 'love of husband and wife.' She went with him then to the kingdom of Hapissa. For Puduhepa it was an advantageous match. Although Hattusili was most likely much older than her and already had numerous wives and concubines, Puduhepa became first among his wives. When her spouse successfully rose to the Hittite throne by defeating his nephew Mursili III in a civil war instigated by Hattusili around 1286 BCE, Puduepa ascended the throne with him, becoming tawananna, or queen.

普度西帕在内政和外交上发挥了重要作用。他常常出现在丈夫旁边参与统治和决定。据说她是与丈夫肩并肩统治而不是辅佐。普度西帕有自己的大印。控制着皇宫内庭人员的任用安排,法庭诉讼,还有宗教和政治。她整编了巨大的赫梯万神庙体系。从首都哈图沙新建的皇宫,她利用她的儿子和女儿确保优势支配地位,这在以前的皇后中从来没有过。

Puduepa had an important role in the Hittite court and international diplomacy of the period. She would appear constantly by the side of her husband as he made his rulings and decisions. It appears, however, that she was portrayed reigning hand in hand with her husband rather than subservient to the king. Puduhepa had the use of her own seal, controlled the domestic arrangements of the royal palaces, and judged court cases. Blending religion and politics, she reorganized the vast pantheon of Hittite deities.

From the royal palace in the newly rebuilt capital city of Hattusa, Puduhepa used her sons and daughters to ensure Hittite ascendancy and to cement alliances. This was a role that had never been performed by a Hittite queen before.

她在与古埃及外交方面发挥了重要作用。大量的盖有普度西帕的信件被发现,有几次是与埃及的拉美西斯二世有关,他与哈图西力签署了条约,把他的两个女儿嫁给了拉美西斯二世。She played an important role in diplomacy with Ancient Egypt. Extensive correspondence bearing Puduhepa's seal survives, communicating several times with the king of Egypt Ramesses II as he signed a peace treaty with Hattusili, in which Hattusili agrees that two of his daughters should go to Egypt to marry Ramesses.

    巴比伦的王卡达实门恩利尔在普度西帕的做媒下与她的一个女儿订婚。巴比伦的一位公主嫁入了赫梯王室。A diplomatic marriage between King Kadashman-Enlil II of Babylonia may have been in the offing with Puduhepa matchmaking Kadashman-Enlil’s betrothal to one of her daughters.

A princess of Babylon was married into the Hittite royal family. This would have been a daughter or sister of King Kudur-Enlil and the news elicited contempt from Ramesses II, who apparently no longer regarded Babylon as politically significant. Puduhepa replied in a letter, ‘If you say "The king of Babylon is not a Great King," then you do not know the status of Babylon.’

哈图西力死后,普度西帕通过她的儿子图特哈里亚四世扩大势力。自称为皇后女神(王母神)。她介入了许多审判案件。她也是赫梯宗教组织关系的大祭司。她的女儿是埃及皇后玛特妮斐鲁丽及公主凯乐斯西帕。

After the death of Hattusili, the role of Puduhepa expanded under the reign of her son Tudhaliya IV, under the title of goddess-queen. She was involved in judicial matters to the point of intervening in legal cases. She was also a priestess who worked on organising and rationalising Hittite religion.

Her daughters were Queen Maathorneferure of Egypt and Princess Kiluš-hepa.

    奈菲尔塔利和普度西帕Nefertari and Puduepa

   埃及王后奈菲尔塔利送礼物给普度西帕:埃及之地伟大的王后奈菲尔塔利这样说道:说给我的姐妹,赫梯之地伟大皇后。我是你的妹妹,祝你安好,祝你的国家平安。

神话版西王母-西帕女神

胡里特文化和历史重要的发现地点在阿拉拉赫、阿玛尔拿、哈图沙和乌加利特。important discoveries of Hurrian culture and history were also made at Alalakh, Amarna, Hattusa and Ugarit.胡里特文化体现在努兹和阿拉拉赫的考古发掘的楔形字碑上,它们最初来源于赫梯首都哈图沙。Knowledge of Hurrian culture relies on archaeological excavations at sites such as Nuzi and Alalakh as well as on cuneiform tablets, primarily from Hattusa (Boghazköy), the capital of the Hittites, whose civilization was greatly influenced by the Hurrians.

    哈图沙(土耳其语:attuša)我认为可以读为哈兹,即赫兹,弇兹。是古代赫梯王国的首都,位于土耳其首都安卡拉西北约145千米乔鲁姆省松古尔卢地区的勃尕卡尔村,在克孜勒河弯道环绕的区域,1986年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产名录。

公元前约1700年,哈图沙曾被烧毁,可能是被阿尼塔国王所攻陷的。他立了一个碑文说:「我在夜晚用武力攻陷这座城市,在这里撒播了杂草的种子,以后如果有任何国王想重建哈图沙,必遭天神所击垮。」

只过了一代人的时间,一位赫梯人国王到达这里,建立都城,自称哈图西里一世,是有27位现在已知名称的赫梯王朝的第一位国王。后来由于外族入侵,赫梯帝国几次迁都,最后穆尔西里三世将首都迁回哈图沙,以后哈图沙直到帝国灭亡以前一直是赫梯帝国的首都。在最繁荣时期,哈图沙面积达1.8平方千米,由苏皮鲁流马一世(约公元前1375-1335年)修建的内外两道城墙包围,内城有0.8平方千米,有宫殿和庙宇,外城城门在内城南月1千米处,有勇士、狮子和斯芬克斯的浮雕装饰。外城内有四座寺庙,居民房屋是用木料和土坯搭建的,现在已经只留有地基,估计有4万至5万居民,其中有1/3居住在内城。目前还有石建的宫殿和庙宇遗迹。

[转载]发现西王母

[转载]发现西王母

[转载]发现西王母

哈图沙遗址的狮子与中国飞看门狮子同源

在土耳其的哈图沙遗址,有一个石刻,上面刻有Hepat女神像,她就是西王母。她是胡里安人的母神,是万物之母,众神的女皇。(was the mother goddess of the Hurrians, known as "the mother of all living". She is also a Queen of the gods.维基)也就是王母,因她在西方,并且是胡里特人的母神,也就是中国人的母神,所以她就是西王母.

[转载]发现西王母

我们可以看到她的豹尾,虎齿,凶恶的面貌。山海经「西王母其状如人,豹尾虎齿,善啸,蓬发戴胜,是司天之厉及五残。」

再看另外的图[转载]发现西王母

[转载]发现西王母

西方学者把图进行了描画,可以看见西王母站在一只豹子身上。

西帕女神的丈夫是太叔伯(Teshub),也就是大禹。在赫梯神话里,西帕Hebat女神也叫做阿丽娜女神,左面的拿着杵的应该是塔哼塔Tarhunt雷神,也就是太叔伯大禹,右边的是她的妻子Arinna 。阿丽娜女神在赫梯的众神灵中占有重要的地位。阿丽娜女神是他们信奉的最主要的神灵之一,她被赞颂为大地女王、田地之女王,被视为赫梯国和君主政权的保护神。当国家遇到危亡的时候,国王总是先向她祈求援助,每当国家战争凯旋时,也会将许多的战利品送到她的寺庙。

这个阿丽娜女神也是西王母。

西王母同时是弗里吉亚人著名的大母神西部莉。根据希腊人和罗马人的记载,弗里吉亚人崇拜的大母神是西部莉Cybele,也叫库柏勒,她是众神和一切生物的母亲。

如同希腊神话中的盖亚(大地)米诺斯瑞亚,西布莉体现着肥沃的土地,为溶洞、山峦、墙壁、堡垒、自然、野生动物(特别是狮子与蜜蜂)之神。古代地中海地区崇奉的女神。对众神之母的崇拜起源于小亚细亚弗里吉亚一带,后来传到希腊,希腊人将其与瑞亚合而为一。公元前3世纪时转到罗马,成为罗马帝国时代最主要的崇拜体系。她在不同地区名称各异。西布莉被尊崇为众神、人类和动物之母。

库柏勒的典型形象是,穿著有束带的直筒状长连衣裙(称为波罗斯),用一条纱巾遮住整个身体。后来希腊大雕塑家菲狄亚斯的学生阿戈拉克瑞托斯创作了一个库柏勒女神的形象,并在爱琴海地区和后来的罗马世界被广为接受。希腊人的库柏勒更为生动和人性化:女神一手放在狮子身上,另一手持圆

她位于小亚细亚中部地区,也就是山海经里的玉山所在地,她才是西王母的最根本最初的源头出处。

山海经》:玉山是西王母所居也。蠃母山再向西三百五十里的地方,叫做玉山,是西王母居住的地方。从昆仑山亚拉腊山向西1320里是玉山,也就是660公里,给予0.75系数,为495公里。也就是说从亚拉腊山向西500公里左右就是玉山。它一个到了安纳托利亚中部地区。正是弗里吉亚王国所在之地。

 

[转载]发现西王母

弗里吉亚是安纳托利亚中部最早的王国,现在土耳其中西部地区,弗里吉亚人居住在珊伽里俄斯河(今萨卡里亚河,土耳其第三长河)岸边。希腊神话中提到过几个弗里吉亚国王,如戈耳狄俄斯,他是著名的戈耳狄俄斯之结的制作者;以及弥达斯,即戈耳狄俄斯的儿子。有些神话说坦塔罗斯也是弗里吉亚的国王。

而最早的弗里吉亚王国无疑就是西王母王国。

《史记·周本纪》:“穆王十七年,西巡狩,见西王母”。东晋学者注释:“西王母者,西方一国君也”。《穆天子传》中:记有穆天子梦游见西王母的故事,这时的西王母不是神,而是一位女王。周穆王西巡曾经到过昆仑山西王母国。周穆王赠西王母以白圭玄璧,两人同游瑶池,言谈甚欢。周穆王还在山上立了块碑,上刻“西王母之山”几个字。

这个山就是哈图沙遗址的石山。也就是弇兹山,这时候的西王母应该就是赫梯女王普度西帕的后代继承人,有基祖瓦特那血统,也就是西周之血统。你可以说是普度西帕N世。

《穆天子传》载:“乙丑,天子觞西王母于瑶池之上。西王母为天子谣曰:白云在天,丘陵自出。道里悠远,山川间之。将子无死,尚能复来?”在西王母的地盘之上,在碧波荡漾的瑶池旁边,周穆王反客为主,摆下酒宴。西王母为周穆王唱道:白云在天,丘陵自出。道路悠远,有高山大川阻挡。有生之年,你还会再来看我吗?

 “天子答之曰:予归东土,和治诸夏。万民平均,吾顾见汝。比及三年,将复而野。”我回归东土,治理诸夏,使万民平均,只有到了那时,我才能回来看你,时间大概是三年吧。

 “西王母又为天子吟曰:徂彼西土,爰居其野。虎豹为群,乌鹊与处。嘉命不迁,我惟帝女。彼何世民,又将去子。吹笙鼓簧,中心翱翔。世民之子,惟天之望。”西王母说:我所居住的西土,虽然虎豹为群,乌鹊与处,可我是天帝的女儿,要守住这天帝赐予的土地,不能随便迁移。如今为了你的人民,你又要离开了,虽然吹笙鼓簧,可是我的心却像空了一样,飘飘荡荡,没有定所。你的使命是上天的瞻望,你也好自为之吧。 

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