加载中…代词One/ones, that/those和it 的用法区别
(2012-11-23 21:05:01)
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1．one/ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数。ones指代复数，所代替的是同名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用，特指时必须加 the 。
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the students except the ones who had already taken them. (the ones = the students).
Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.
Let's finish this exercise so we can go on to the next one.
Some of the answers were correct, but I don't remember which (ones).
one作为不定人称代词, 可泛指“任何一个人”，有one's 和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/one's.
One has to take care of oneself and one's family if one can.
One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.
If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide.
(如果一个人想看那废墟, 他必须找自己的向导。)
One of the girl students hasn't handed in _____ composition.
A.
one's
2． that用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词, 其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those 。指代可数名词时，that相当于the one ；those相当于the ones。
Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.
The explorers wrote two very
popular books: that on travels, and that on arctic
life.
His last two books are a great success as compared with those he wrote earlier. (those = the ones = the books).
A house made of stone is stronger than _____ made of wood.
A.
one
(答案A. one=a house 泛指一类)
3．it 特指上文提到过的同名同物，不能带修饰语；those之后跟定语从句时，它指从句所叙述的内容。
There is no more than one piano in the shop. Why not buy _____ this afternoon？
(答案C. no more than = only
Those who haven't got their tickets beforehand have to wait in line. (那些之前还没有买到票的人只好排队等候。Those = the people)
4．it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语用以代替不定式、动名词或从句作主语/宾语。
Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.
No, she was not at home last night. What about it?
It would be a pity to miss it.
It is not worth getting upset.
It's probable that we'll be a little late.
I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.
She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.
George made it dear that he disagreed.
巩固练习：
1. If I can help _____ , I don't like working late into the night.
(06全国I 26)
2. My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22)
3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town. (06湖南 26)
4. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed _____ to _____ and then posted it at the nearby post
office. (06安徽 34)
C. herself;
her
5. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _____ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. (05天津 15)
6. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. (05江苏 26)
7. We've been looking at houses but haven't found _____ we like yet. (05浙江20)
8. Cars do cause us some health problems － in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do.(05江西 24)
9. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had. (04全国I 24)
10. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (04全国II 27)
11. － Do you like _____ here?
12. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. (02全国 35)
答案及简要分析：1.C
I．替代词one和ones的用法：
1．one只能替代单数名词，one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如：
My child doesn't like this book．Show her a more interesting one．
2．替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词，它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象，这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例如：
I don't like this book．I'd like a more interesting one．
3．当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时，它们前面总有定冠词。例如：
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before．
4．当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this，that， which和序数词等之后，可以省略。例如：
This book is much better than that（one）．
5．替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one（s），your one（s），Peter's one（s）等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。
但是，如果有了形容词，one（s）可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如：
My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one．
6．one作替代词时，在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说：
＊He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry．
该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henry's．
7．当两个形容词表示对照的意思时，不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如：
Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder．
8．替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语，即它的前面既没有限定词，又没有形容词时，便不是替代名词词组的中心词，而是替代整个名词词组。这时，one＝a＋单数名词。例如：
A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice．（one ＝a cake）
one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个，相当一个不定冠词，因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物，只能用some。例如：
Here are a few apples．Would you like some（＝some of them）？
II．替代词that和those的用法：
1．that和those通常用作指使代词，也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语，分别等于the one和 the ones。例如：
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor．
2．that也可替代不可数名词，但是 the one则不能。例如：
The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one．
以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。
3．that作替代词，只能指物，不能指人。those作替代词，既可指物，也可指人。例如：
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with．
该句中的the one不能换成that。
4．that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时，只替代“the ＋单数名词”，不可替代“a＋单数名词”。例如：
The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain．（that＝the song。song为可数名词。）
请注意，这里说的that只替代“the ＋单数名词”，不可替代“a＋单数名词，系指that在句子中实际的作用，并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the ＋单数名词。例如：
In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden．
在该句中，前面出现的词组为a life，但that替代的却是the life。
that作为替代词，它不能用于零关系分句（即没有关系代词的定语从句）之前。例如：
The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s．
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