形容词、副词比较级最高级讲解(一)
(2013-09-21 15:40:01)
标签:
比较级最高级练习 |
分类: 学习汇总 |
英语中大多数形容词可以分为原级,比较级和最高级。
一、原级:形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面结构:
1. 表示比较的双方程度相等,用”as…as”结构,表示“前者像后者一样”,即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.
e.g. John is as tall as
his brother.
注意:当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
(1)as +形容词+ a +单数名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
(2)as + many/much +名词
I can carry as much paper as you can.
2. 表示比较的双方不相等,一方不如另一方,用”not as/so…as”结构,表示“前者不如后者”,即
A + be + not as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B.
e.g. John is not as tall
as his
brother.
3. 表示一方是另一方的几倍,用“twice/three times(表示倍数的词)+as+形容词原级+as”结构。
This room is twice as big as that one.
注意:表示一方相当于另一方的几分之几或百分之几,句型相似。
This line is one third as long as that one.
We have made 70% as many TV sets in the past six months as we did last year.
形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化
规则变化
(1)一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er , 最高级+est
clever-cleverer-cleverest; few-fewer-fewest ;
small-smaller-smallest等
(2)以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可
nice-nicer-nicest;cute-cuter-cutest;large-larger-largest
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或est
easy-easier-easiest;happy-happier-happiest
再如:early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 也如此
(4) 以后缀ly结尾的方式副词在前面加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级
quickly---more quickly----most quickly
(5)双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est的词同学要用心去记。
fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest
hot-hotter-hottest red-redder-reddest
wet-wetter-wettest big-bigger-biggest
(6)双音节和多音节的词需要在形容词原级前+more构成比较级,+the most构成最高级。
双音节的词如careful-more careful -the most
careful useful -more useful -the most useful .
多音节词beautiful -more beautiful - the most beautiful .
delicious , popular , important , interesting , expensive
少数单音节词也是这样如:pleased-more pleased -the most pleased tired-more tried -the most tired
不规则形容词的变化
good----better-----best well----better----best bad----worse-----worst
many----more----most much----more----most little-----less-----least
far-----farther , further(表示程度) far-----farthest , furthest(表示远近)
few-----fewer-----fewest old-----older----oldest(表新旧,表长老)
old-----elder , eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)
二、比较级:
1.把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时,一方程度超过另一方,就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是:
A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
e.g. Jackie is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackie.
2.表示“……是两者中较、更……的一个”,比较级前用冠词the
e.g. He is the taller of the two boys.
3.表示“越来越……”,用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”结构。
e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
4.用比较级代替最高级,用“比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数”或“比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数”句型
e.g. He is taller than any
other boy.
5.表示“一方是另一方的几倍”,用“twice/three times/etc.+比较级+than”句型
e.g. John can read twice faster than I (me).
=john can read twice as fast as I (me).
三、最高级:
1、三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时,需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是:A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.
(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)
e.g. Jackie is the tallest in our class. (主语和比较范围不是同一属性)
Jackie is the tallest of all the students. (主语和比较范围是同一属性)
2、“(a)most+原级+(名词)”表示“(一个)非常……的(……)”
e.g. This is a most
interesting
story.
3、表示“其中最……的一个”,用“one of +最高级+名词复数”
e.g. China is one of the most oldest countries in the world.
四、比较级的修饰词:a little, a lot, much, even; far; a great deal
五、练习
1、--Our English is very
good. ——But my brother learns it much______than
【析】在英语中,a little,a lot,much,even等词可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,故本题的正确答 案是C项。
2.Don‘t worry. Your granny will get_______
A.well and well B.better and better C.well and better D.good and well
【析】表示"越来越……" 可以采用" 比较级 +比较级"或"more and more+原级"的结构,如果是 单音节的形容词或副词, 则用前一结构;如果是多音节词,则可以用后一种结构,故本题的正确答案是B。
3.China is one of________ in the world.
A.the oldest country B.the oldest countries C.much older country D.much older countries 【析】在英语中,要表示 "其中最……的之一", 应使用"one of+形容词的最高级形式+名词的复数 形式 "。根据题意本题应选B项。
4.The girl doesn’t run________ the boy.
A. much faster as B. as faster as C. more fast than D. so fast as
【析】在英语中,可以使用"as…as"表示"两者在某方面一样";用"not so/as……as"表示"两者在某方面不一样",以上两种结构都必须使用形容词或副词的原级。由以上分析可知本题的D 项最符合题意。
5.LiLei writes ______ of all the students in our class.
A. more carefully B. the most careful C. more careful D. most carefully
【析】在这道题中,有的学生选B, 只想到了用最高级形式,而忽略了write是实义动词应用副词,也有的学生认为D 的前边应该加the ,这就属于对知识的掌握不够熟练或忘了副词的最高级前边的the 可加可省,所以做题一定要考虑周全,避免会的题失分。答案为D.
1.
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er, -est来构成较级和最高级。
构成法 |
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est |
tall great |
taller greater |
tallest greatest |
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r, -st |
nice large able |
nicer larger abler |
nicest largest ablest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est |
big thin hot |
bigger thinner hotter |
biggest thinnest hottest |
“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er, -est |
early easy |
earlier easier |
earliest easiest |
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er, -est |
clever narrow |
cleverer narrower |
cleverest narrowest |
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加m
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
beautiful interesting important(重要的) |
more beautiful more interesting more important |
most beautiful most interesting most important |
2.
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
good
(好的) |
better |
best |
bad
(坏的) |
worse |
worst |
old |
older |
oldest |
many |
more |
most |
little (少的) |
less |
least |
far (远的) |
farther |
farthest(furthest) |