新概念英语阅读笔记 第四册 第23课
(2011-05-11 00:23:34)
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新概念英语第四册阅读笔记nce4 |
分类: 新概念英语第4册辅导 |
Lesson 23 Bird flight
鸟的飞行方法
23-1. No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.
【译文】没有任何两种鸟的飞行方式是相同的。鸟的飞行方式千差万别,但大体上可分为两类。
【理解】
(1)这是由分号与 but 连接的句子,分号连接的两个句子,后一分句解释前一分句,but 连接的两个句子,与前两句是转折关系。
(2)No two sorts of birds…,no或none等绝对否定意义的词+主语+肯定谓语+其他成分是一种表示全体否定的句型,可译为“任何……都不……”。又如:
No trickery can fool us. 任何骗人把戏都骗不了我们。
None of my friends smoke. 我的朋友都不吸烟。
(3)the
varieties指鸟飞行方式的种类。
23-2. Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing.
【译文】任何一艘横渡太平洋的轮船都会有一种小信天翁伴随飞行许多天。它们随船飞行一小时也难得见其扇动一下翅膀。
【理解】
(1)that crosses the Pacific 为定语从句,修饰 any ship。which 引导的是非限定性从句,修饰 the smaller albatross。
(2)visible和more than occasional并列作movement of wing的定语。
(3)keep company with 陪伴着
(4)be accompanied by 由… …陪伴
(5)more than 在这里作副词,表示“非常”相当于 very。more than occasional 经常的,如:He made more than occasional trips to Australia . 他经常去澳大利亚旅行。
由Pacific(太平洋)联想到Arctic Ocean(北冰洋)、Indian Ocean(印度洋)和Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)。
(6)visible的反义词是invisible。
23-3. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.
【译文】沿船体的上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。
【理解】
(1)that the walls of the ship direct upwards作currents of air的定语。that 在从句中作及物动词 direct 的宾语,全句 The walls of the ship direct currents of air upwards .意思是“船体导引气流向上”。
(2)in the line of its course也作currents of air的定语。its course指the course of the ship。the great bird指albatross。
(3)with its immense wings作 the great bird的定语。
(4)the great bird 作动词give 的间接宾语,sufficient sustenance and progress作give的直接宾语。
(5)immense:广大的,巨大的,如:
an immense ocean 浩渺的海洋
The play was staged with immense success.
该剧上演获得巨大成功。
immense的名词形式是immensity。
23-4. The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition.
【译文】信天翁是滑翔飞行的鸟类之王,它能自如地驾驭空气,但必须迎着气流飞行。
【理解】
(1)the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose作gliders的同位语。which 引导定语从句,修饰the class of fliers 。
(2)its opposition即为the opposition of air。
(3)yield to 顺从,服从。
(4)to their purpose 合乎目的。
(5)harness:利用(或控制)……以产生动力,利用,如:
harness nuclear energy 利用原子能
harness a river 治河
harness individual talents to a common end
把各人的才能用于一个共同的目标
23-5. In the contrary school, the duck is supreme.
【译文】与滑翔鸟相对的另一类鸟中,数野鸭本领最高。
【理解】
(1)名词 school 此处含义为“(鱼及某些动物的)群体,对”。
(2)the duck泛指鸭类,是集体名词,句中指野鸭。
23-6. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts.
【译文】它更近乎于人类自夸的“征服”了空气的发动机。
【理解】
(1)It 指 the duck。comes nearer to the engines 近乎于… …的发动机。with which 引导定语从句。Conquered 用引号引上,表示这是一种夸张的说法。人类所谓的征服空气只是能够靠着发动机的动力在空气中飞行。as he boasts 作状语,意即“正像人们所自夸的那样”。he 指 man。
(2)come nearer to 或 come close to 接近于。
(3)boast:自吹自擂,自夸,如:
I don’t like him, he is always boasting.
我不喜欢他,他老是自吹自擂。
23-7. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.
【译文】野鸭及与它们相似的鸽子有天赋的钢铁般的肌肉,占了体重的很大一部分。这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇动短小的翅膀,使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的路程才会疲劳。
【理解】
(1)like them是介词短语,作the pigeons的定语。them指duck。该句子 duck 前既没有定冠词也没有不定冠词,表明该词泛指野鸭类,故 like them 中使用复数代词 them。that are a good part of the weight of the bird是非限制性定语从句,修饰muscles,但用关系代词 that 引导非限制性定语从句非常罕见。these指muscles。and these will …与 Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with … 是两个并列的句子。that they can bore… before exhaustion follows是结果状语从句。该结构是典型的 such…that… 结构。
(2)endow with 捐… …给,赋予… …以,如:
They endowed the hospital with a large sum of money. 他们给医院捐了很多钱。
be endowed with courage 天生具有勇气。
endow these words with new significance 使这些词语增添新含义。
endow the girl with the beauty of a goddess 认为这位姑娘美若天仙。
(3)a good 大部分的,好好的,足足的,如:
A good part of his story is true . 他的故事大部分是真的。
I’m going to have a good try .我准备好好试一试。
He ate a good half of the duck .他吃了足足半只鸭子。
(4)ply …with 向… …供应 ,如:The little boy plied his father with questions about their new house. 那个小男孩不断地向他的父亲问有关他们新房子的问题。
(5)bear 在此处的意思是“进行”,如:When you get to the cross , bear right .当你走到十字路口时,向右转。
(6)exhaustion:筋疲力尽 ,如:
die of exhaustion and starvation 死于疲惫和饥饿
exhaustion的动词形式是exhaust,形容词形式是exhausted。
23-8. Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire.
【译文】次于野鸭和鸽子的鸟,如鹧鸪,有相似的巨大推动力,但很快会疲劳。
【理解】
(1)humbler 是形容词 humble 的比较级,指“次于野鸭和鸽子的鸟”。such as partridges是插入语,such as相当于介词like。
(2)此处的like意为“类似的”,是形容词,如:
running, swimming and like sports 赛跑、游泳以及诸如此类的运动
(3)but soon tire 中动词 tire 的主语也是 their humbler followers。
(4)tire 为形容词 tired 的原形,为动词,意思为“(使)疲劳,(使)疲倦”。
(5)propulsion的动词形式是propel。
23-9. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.
【译文】如果海风驱使它们远距离飞行,人们可以捡到一些因筋疲力尽而摔下来的鹧鸪。
【理解】
(1)in utter exhaustion(处于精疲力竭状态)作定语修饰them。
(2)utter:完全的,彻底的,十足的,例如:
an utter stranger 完全陌生的人
utter disregard of one’s own well-being 对于自己的安康全然不顾
utter ignorance 十足的无知
be at an utter loss for words 连一句话都说不出来
You’re an utter fool. 你是个十足的傻瓜。
To my utter amazement, I was made CEO.
令我万分惊讶的是我竟然被任命为首席执行官。
utter的副词形式是utterly。
utterly:全然,完全地,彻底地(completely or totally),例如:
They seem utterly unaware of what may happen.
他们似乎全然不知将会发生什么事。
I am utterly convinced of your loyalty to your colleges.
我完全相信你对你的同事们是忠诚的。
23-10. The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.
【译文】燕子充分兼有这两类鸟的长处。
【理解】
(1)both schools指albatross一类和duck一类。
(2)virtue:优点,长处,如:
preach the virtues of the market economy
宣扬市场经济的优越性
the virtues in planning ahead 未雨绸缪的好处
The school has its drawbacks and virtues.
这所学校有短处亦有长处。
virtue的形容词是virtuous。
(3)in measure 适度地,in highest measure 最大程度地。
23-11. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.
【译文】它既不疲劳,也不炫耀自己的飞翔力;在空中十分自如,可以飞行6,000英里,可以飞往北方做窝的老家,再从老家飞回;一边飞一边喂养会飞的雏燕,甚至在顶风时也能在气流中滑翔,似乎气流在帮它前进
【理解】
(1)It tires not中,not放在行为动词后而不用don’t,是一种古旧用法。现代英语中多用于谚语、诗歌及庄重文体中。
(2)nor does it boast of its power 采用了部分倒装。
(3)boast of 吹牛,自吹有……
(4)It指swallow。travelling it may是倒装语序,自然语序是it may be travelling…,倒装是为了强调travelling。feeding its flown young as it flies和 slipping through a medium…adverse均作状语,并列修饰travelling,表示伴随情况。may+进行时结构,也是为了强调燕子能一直飞行6,000英里。
(5)belong to 属于
(6)a medium(媒介)在句中指 air。medium的复数形式是media。
(7)nesting home 意为 home for nesting。
(8)its flown young 中的 flown 意为“已会飞的”。 as it flies 作时间状语从句。
23-12. Such birds do us good,though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.
【译文】这些鸟对我们有益,虽然我们不再从它们的飞行路线来占卜吉凶,连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼、祝它早安了。
【理解】
(1)do sb.good 对...有好处
(2)no longer 不再
(3)and that 后省略了 side,即 and that=and that side
(4)take off one’s hat to 向人脱帽致敬
(5)take omens 预测吉凶
(6)superstitious的名词形式是superstition。