Brief Introduction
1.Introduction
2.Romantic Poets of the First Generation
3.Romantic Poets of the second Generation
4.Prose Writer in the Romantic Age
5.English Prose Fiction in the Romantic Age
Ⅰ.Introduction
1.Literature Characteristic of the Age
The Romantic Age began in 1798 and came to an end in 1832.The publishment of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with classism and the beginning of the Romantic Age. And Lyrical Ballads was written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
The Romantic Age is emphatically an age of poetry.The glory of the age is seen in the poetry of Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelly and Keats.
Women novelists appeared in this age.
The works of the greatest historical novelist Walter Scott combine a romantic atmosphere with a realistic depiction of historical background and common people’s life.
The representatives of romantic prose of this period :Charles Lamb,William Hazlitt,and Thomas De Quincey.
2.Two Group of Romantic Poets
The first group of romantic poets,that is,the older generation,wrote about the thinking of those classes which were reined by the bourgeoisie.And they lost their political ardor in their later years and became conservative in thinking.This group of Romantic poets include William Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor,Coleridge and Robert Southey.
The second group of Romantic poets,that is,the younger generation expressed the aspiration and ideas of the labouring classes.This group of Romantic poets have George Gordon Byron,Percy Bysshe Shelly and John Keats as the major members.
3.The Feature of Romantic Writing
A. Their own aspiration and ideals are in sharp contrast to the common,sordid daily life under capitalism.
B. Their writings are filled with strong-heroes or even titanic images,formidable events,tragic situation,powerful and conflicting passions,and exotic pictures.
C. The romantic pay great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.
Ⅱ.Romantic Poets of the First Generation
We call they are Lakers or Lake Poets,because they lived for much time in the Lake District in the northwestern part of English and they often describe the beautiful scenes and the country people’s life in that area.
1.William Wordsworth
His poems :Lyric Ballads(written with Coleridge)
His sonnets:On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic,Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland,Sonnet:Composed upon Westminster Bridge,London 1802.
His longer poems:The Prelude
2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Coleridge was an important role in introducing the advances of German Philosophy to English poets and thinkers.
Coleridge created a periodical called The Friend and wrote a successful tragedy called Remorse.His last notable work was Biographia Literaria(an important prose work).And his wrote Notes and Lectures on Shakespeare.
He produced three main poems:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,Kubla Khan,Christabel.
3.Robert Southey
His famous work is Life of Nelson.
Ⅲ.Romantic Poets of the Second Generation
1.Introduction
These poets were all precocious and intense,and had tragic short lives.They supported the French Revolution and hoped English would go through a similsr social transformation.
2.George Gordon Byron
In 1807 Byron published his lyric poems in a small volume called Hours of Idleness.The volume was sharply attacked in the influential Edinburgh Review.Byron responded with his first important poem,a biting satire called English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.
Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems :Childe Harold ‘s Pilgrimage,Don Juan.
Byron’s short Lyrics:Walks in Beauty,When We Two Parted,Hebrew Melodies,Sonnet on Chillon.
3.Percy Bysshe Shelly
Byron regarded Shelly as ‘the best and least selfish man I ever knew ’.
Wordsworth said “Shelly is one of the best artists of us all”.
In 1810 Shelly and a close friend wrote a pamphlet called The Necessity of Atheism.
His long poems:Queen Mab,The Revolt of Islam,Prometheus Unbound
His political lyric: The Masque of Anarchy,Song to the Men of English
His short Lyric on Nature :Ode to the West Wind,To a Skylark,The Cloud
His short Lyric on Love:Love’s Philosophy,One Word Is Too Often Profaned
4.John Keats
“Beauty is truth,truth Beauty”is Keats’ leading principle.
The poems:Endymion,Isabella,The Eve of St. Agnes,Hyperion
Keats’ Shorter poems:Bright Star,When I Have Fear, On the Grasshopper,the Cricket,Ode to Autumn,Ode on Melancholy,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to a Nightingale.
Ⅳ.Prose Writers in the Romantic Age
1.Charles Lamb
His works:Dream Children :A Reverie(essay),Essays of Elia to the London Magazine,Rosamund Gray(sentimental romance),John Woodvil(poetical drama),Tales from Shakespeare(literary criticism),Specimens of English Dramatic Poets Who Lived About the Time of Shakespeare,Essays of Elia(essay),Last Essays of Elia(essay)
2.William Hazlitt
His Critical Works:Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays,Lxcture on the Dramatic Literwture of the Age of Queen Elizabetn,Lectures on the English Poets,Lectures on the English Comic Writers,The Spirit of the Age
His Essays:Table Talk,The Plain Speaker,Sketches and Essays,Winterslow.
ⅤEnglish Prose Fiction in the Romantic Age
1.Walter Scott
His volume : Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
His original work:The Lay of the Last Minstrel
His long poem:Marmion and The Lady of the Lake
Novels on History of Scotland:Waverley(his first novel),Old Marality,Rob Roy,The Heart of Midlothian
Novels on English History:Ivanhoe
Novels on English of Other Eropean Coubtries:Quentin Durward.
2.Jane Austen
She wrote six novels:Northanger Abbey,Sense and Sensibility,Pride and Prejudice,Mansfield Park,Emma and Persuasion.