Brief Introduction
1.Introduction
2.English Poetry in the Renaissance Period
3.English Prose in the Renaissance Period
4.English Drama in the Renaissance Period
Ⅰ.Introduction
1.English Renaissance
The Renaissance had its origin in northern Italy in the 14th century,and spread to England.During the period of the English Renaissance English enjoyed stability and prosperity.The English Renaissance encouraged the Reformation of the Church.The English King,Herry Ⅷ ,who started the Reformation,declared the break with the Church of Rome and then he became the head of the Church of England.Thus Catholicism was got rid of in England,and Protestantism was established.
During the Enclosure Movement,thousands upon thousands of peasants lost their land and became hired laborers for the merchants and factory owners.
In the Renaissance period, scholars and educators began to emphasize the human mand and the achievement of human culture.In contrast,the Medieval put emphasis on God and concept for the things of this world.So humanism became the keynote of the English Renaissance.
The Renaissance experiences three period:the beginning,the flowering and the epilogue.The second period,Queen Elizabeth ruled the country,so it also called the Elizabeth Period.William Shakespeare lived in this period,so the age also named th Age of William Shakespeare.
2.English Literature in the Renaissance Period
In the Renaissance period, English drama and poetry developed at high speed and made a magnificent achievement. The greatest and most distinctive achievement of Elizabeth literature was drama.Next to the drama was the lyrical poetry.Elizabeth poetry was remarkable for its variety,its freshness,its youthfulness and its romantic feeling.
Ⅱ.English Poetry in the Renaissance Period
1.Thomas Wyatt
He was the most interesting lyric poet int the first half of the 16th century.his verse is full of dramatic energy and personal expressiveness.And Thomas frequently translated and imitated the sonnets the great 14th century Italian poet Petrarch and was usually credited with introducing the 14-line sonnet into English poetry.Also he wrote wonderful lyric in the native English song tradition.
2.Henry Howard,Earl of Surrey
Surry’s metrical innovation are very important in English Poetry.He is the first to give the sonnet its English form.This form is made up of three quatrains with different rhymes,followed by a couple.The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.
Another important contribution made by Surry to English literature is his introduction of blank verse into English poetry in his translations of Book Ⅱ and Book Ⅳ of Virgil ‘s Aeneid.
3.Sir Philip Sidney
His three principle works:Arcadia , Astrophel and Stella ,An Apology for Poetry
4.Edmund Spenser
1).His Masterpiece: The Faerie Queene
Spenser is often referred to as “the poets ‘poet” because his influence on later poets is considerable.
The Faerie Queene is a long poem planned in 12 books,but he finished only 6 books before he died.The poem was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism,humanism and Puritanism.
Spenser invented a new verse form for this poem.The verse form has been called the Spenserian stanza since his day.Each stanza has nine lines,each of the first eight lines is an iambic pentameter line,and ninth line is an iambic hexameter line.This rhythm scheme is abab bcbc c.
2).other important poems by Spenser
A. The Shepherd ‘s Calendar, 12 pastoral poems
B. Amoretti,89 love sonnets
C. Epithalamion,23 stanzas written to celebrate his own wedding
3)feature of Spenser’s Poetry
A. a perfect melody
B. a rare sense of beauty
C. splendid imagination
D. lofty moral purity and seriousness
E. delicate realism
Ⅲ.english Prose in the Renaissance Period
1.Thomas More
Utopia is his masterpiece,divided into 2 books.Book 1 of Utopia draws a picture of the contemporary England.Book 2 offers a happy picture of an ideal society om some unknown island.
2.John Lily
He is one of the ‘University Wits’.He was famous for his prose romance Euphues.
3.Francis Bacon and his works
Essays was his first essayist.
His writings may be divided into three groups: the philosophical works,the literary works and the professional works.
Bacon’s literary has three prominent qualities:directness,terseness,forcefulness
Ⅳ.English Drama in the Renaissance Period
1.Shakespeare’s Predecessors
Before Shakespeare,a group of university graduates are known as “University Wits”.
John Lyly was one of the most influential early dramatists.His best work is Alexander and Campaspe.Also,he wrote a satirical comedy,called King Midas.
George Peele’s best work is The Old Wives’ Tale written in prose.
Thomas Kyd ‘s Spanish Tragedy gave Shakespeare some inspiration when he wrote Hamlet.
Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the ‘University Wits’.He produced his first play Tamburlaine the Great when he was 23 years old.And his best-known plays are Tamburlaine the Great,The Jew of Malta and The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
Marlowe was the first one to make blank verse the principal instrument of English drama.
2.William Shakespeare
During the 22 years of his literary career,Shakespeare’s production in drama and poetry was considerable.He wrote 37 plays and two plays in cooperation.And he wrote 154 sonnets and some long narration poems.
1)Shakespeare’s Comedies
He produced 16 comedies in all..The main comedies are:The Merchant of Venice,A Midsummer Night’s Dream,As You Like It,The Winter’s Tale,and The Twelfth Night.
2)Shakespeare’s Tragedies
He wrote 12 tragedies.And the main tragedies are:Hamlet, Othello,King Lear,and Macbeth.
3)Shakespeare’s Historical Plays
His historical plays are political plays.He wrote 11 historical plays Herry Ⅳand HerryⅤ are two remarkable plays.
4)Shakespeare’ Poetical works
He produced some long narrative poems and 154 sonnets. His well-known long poems are Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece.
Each of Shakespeare’s plays consists of three parts:dialogues or soliquies in prose;dialogues or soliloquies in blank verse;lyrics,songs,dirges,madrigal,ect.
3. Shakespeare’s Contemporaries and Successors
1)Decline of English Drama and Poetry
The simple reason is that there are no great writer to fill the vacancy left by Shakespeare.
2)Ben Jonson
Every Man in His Humor is his first play and the key of all his dramas.
Volpone is an excellent satirical comedy written by Ben Johnson.
The Alchemist is an exposure of dupers and the duped.It satires those who let themselves cheated by the hopes of sudden riches.
He insisted on an adherence to the unities of time,place and action.