一次源码新装的mysql,由于没有复制my-default.cnf到/etc/my.cnf位置，在启动mysql的时候碰到了无法打开mysql.user表的错误。具体错误为：[ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist。下面是该错误的描述及其解决办法。

1、现象描述
[root@HKBO scripts]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL..The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/HKBO.pid).[FAILED]

#查看错误日志
[root@HKBO scripts]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.12 started; log sequence number 1600607
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2014-12-08 11:01:37 15721 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
141208 11:01:37 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/HKBO.pid ended

# Author ： Leshami
# Blog   :  http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

2、解决办法
#查看当前的my.cnf配置文件
[root@HKBO scripts]# more /etc/my.cnf |grep -v ^#
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
old_passwords=1

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

#由于编译安装时指定的路径为/opt/data以及mysql_install_db时指定的datadir也为/opt/data,而my.cnf为缺省的路径
#因此修改datadir至正确路径后，问题解决
[root@HKBO scripts]# vi /etc/my.cnf 
[root@HKBO support-files]# more /etc/my.cnf |grep datadir
datadir=/opt/data

[root@HKBO support-files]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.[  OK  ]

 来源:http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/41801395