《新概念英语》第二册第17课  Always Young  青春常驻

【课文】
My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
【课文翻译】
我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！”
【生词和短语】
1.appear   v. 登场，扮演

appear [动词]出现；呈现；露面
例句：when the music came on, the host appeared. 当音乐声响起时，主持人露面了。

The plane disappeared.The plane appeared.The actor appeared.
appear : 露面, 显得(系动词)后面直接加形容词

He appears nervous.他显得很紧张(看起来)He appears happy.

另外，appear还可表示显得，似乎，好像。
It appears that he has confused me with someone else. 他似乎认错人了，把我当成了别人。

appear as : 扮演...角色

He appeared as a prince.(王子)

I work as a teacher.(最常用的介绍某人做什么工作的)
2.stage    n. 舞台

appear on the stage as....(扮演的确切表达)

My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl.

on the stage：在舞台上
in the stage：在某一阶段

He quitted the stage of politics. 他退出了政治舞台。

The disease is still in its primary stage. 这疾病仍然在初发阶段

3.bright    adj. 艳丽的

bright red : 鲜红色

bright yellow : 明黄色

bright blue : 宝蓝色

let's look on the bright side.让我们来看一看光明的一面

China has a bright future.中国有着光明的前途。

词义辨析：【词义辨析】

bright, brilliant, glowing, radiant, luminous, 

bright: 常用词，与昏暗相对应，侧重形容光线的强度，指一切自身发光明亮或反射光的事物。

brilliant: 指非常亮或亮得引人注目，多含闪耀或反光闪烁之意。

glowing: 指稳定光源发出的明亮持久的光，或燃烧最后阶段产生的红光。

radiant: 侧重光线的发散，也可指像太阳或星星一样发光的东西。

luminous: 着重指发出持续稳定的亮光；可指在黑暗中的发光物。

bright, clever, wise, brilliant, intelligent, ingenious, smart, shrewd, 

bright: 口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。

clever: 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。

wise: 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。

brilliant: 指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。

intelligent: 正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。

ingenious: 指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。

smart: 普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。

shrewd: 指精明老练，有头脑，善于判断和把握有利机会

4.stocking      n. （女用）长筒袜,(棉的, 绒的, 并不是现在的丝袜)

socks: 指长不到膝的短统袜子。

stocking: 指长到膝或过膝的长袜，常用复数形式。

The thief masked his face with a stocking. 那贼套上长筒袜遮住脸

Silk-stocking adj. 穿着华丽的， 贵族的， 奢华的

Silk stocking 丝袜

5.sock      n. 短袜
There is a hole in my sock. 我的袜子上有个洞

【知识点讲解】

1. My aunt Jennifer is an actress

actress : 女演员 : 以-ress结尾的, 是女性

actor : 男演员 : 以-or,-er结尾的, 是男性

waiter : 男服务员　waitress : 女服务员

prince : 王子　　　princess : 公主

god:神(God:上帝,注意 “G” 大写)goddess : 女神

lion : 公狮子　　　lioness : 母狮子

doctor : 男医生　　woman doctor : 女医生

2. She must be at least thirty-five years old.

must be 表示对现在情况的肯定推测。

例句：You look pale. You must be ill.    He must have been there before.  

at least 至少。例句：I may not be able to solve your problem, but I can at least help.

at most 至多。例句：I can read 30 pages an hour at most.

at most 和at least 都是介词短语，在句中做状语，修饰数量或程度的词语。

的确，一般说来， 状语，尤其是表示方式的状语，往往出现在被它修饰的动词后，或干脆在句尾，如：

He spoke highly of his professor.

He does everything carefull. 

但也有很多状语人们倾向于前置，尽管后置按语法也对，例如频率状语：

He often works late into night.

He is sometimes careless.

at least 和 at least 就是这样的，放在它们所修饰的表示数词或程度的词语前。所以最为常用的词序应该是：

The girl is at least 7. 

The pencil costs  at most   five yuan。

需要说明的是，换个词序在语法上还是允许的；而且，有时候为了强调，或加强状语的预期，说话者还故意把他们放到一个不同寻常的位置，如句尾：

The girl is 7 at least.

The pencil costs five yuan at most,

3. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

appear 出现 ←→ 消失 disappear

as 作为。例句：As Chinese, we love our motherland very much.   He works as a lawyer.

尽管…，（仍然…）有三种说法：

① in spite of + 名词（短语）：In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

②despite + 名词（短语）：Despite her age, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

③ although + 从句：Although she is thirty-five, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

 in spite of  虽然，尽管 该短语用作介词，后面一般接名词（短语）或动名词，它与despite意义相同，但程度比despite深。
例句：They finally got to the railway station on time in spite of the bad weather.
尽管天气恶劣，他们最后还是准时到达了火车站。
appear on the stage as....(扮演的确切表达)

My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl.

4. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.

   have to 不得不；take part in 参与、参加。

take part in, join, attend三者的区别
这几个短语或词语是我们常见的表示“参加”的词，他们的区别如下：
take part in  参加群众性活动、会议等并在其中起积极作用
例句：Paul often takes part in volunteer work. 保罗经常参加志愿者工作。
join     及物动词，加入（某群体、某一种团体、组织参军）；和...一起做同样的事;和...作伴
例句：Jerry joined the army two months ago. 杰里两个月前参军了。
join the army：参军join the party：入党join us：（口语）加入我们中来

attend;出席
attend meeting;参加会议，出席会议attend the party：出席宴会attend class：上课

5、This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.

This time : 这一次

a girl of seventeen

两种年龄的表达 : a girl of seventeen = a seventeen-year-old girl

She is eighteen years old=She is a girl of eighteen.

6、In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.

   in [prep.]穿着...样的衣服　(+颜色、衣服)

The boy in green.

in a bright red dress : 鲜红色的连衣裙

long black stocking : 长的黑色长筒袜

例句：Who is that girl in white skirt?   You look very smart in that jacket.

口诀：大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类，同站名词前。

限：限定词。the， my， a， this…

描：描绘性形容词。brave， nice, beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，horrible, lovely, silly

大：大小、高低、长短等形容词。big，large，small…

形：形状。round，square, long，short

龄：年龄大小、新旧、年代等。young，old，new…

颜：颜色。red，blue，green, black，purple，brown，yellow

籍：国籍、地区、出处。Chinese, Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese

物：物质材料的形容词。golden，wooden，leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic

类：表示类别、用途。medical，chemical，writing

*1 各修饰词（即形容词）可有缺项，但顺序不变。如：a small Swiss watch。

2 当表大小（或长短）的词与表形状的词同时出现时，大小（或长短）在前，形状在后。如：a large square table。 A small round ball

3 定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首。

This red coat, lily’s lovely doll, the girl is very beautiful.

4 数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。（数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用）

These two boys, those four cars,

例:

一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌

A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk.

一件漂亮的中式新的短装红羊毛外套

A beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat.

a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花

dress，suit，costume
dress：裙子，晚礼服，连衣裙（女式）
suit：套装（男式）
costume：演出服，民族服装，某一年代的服装

7、Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright orange-coloured dress.

last year in another play(表示扮演过很多的角色)

wear [v.] = be dressed in 穿着（强调状态）。例句：He is often dressed in black.

put on 穿上←→ 脱下take off（强调动作）。例句：She put on her raincoat and left.

orange-coloured [adj.] 复合词。扩展：well-looked

复合形容词：

（1）形容词＋v-ing，同"系表结构" 

a good-looking boy ＝a boy who looks good 相貌好看的男孩 

an ordinary-looking man 相貌平常的人 

nice-smelling flowers 香气扑鼻的花 

（2）副词＋过去分词，同"被动的定语从句" 

a well-written novel ＝a novel that iswell written 写得好的小说 

best-housed people 居住条件最好的人 

a newly-published article 新发表的文章 

（3）形容词＋带ed后缀的名词 

an ill-tempered m an ＝a m an whose temper is ill 脾气坏的人 

short-sighted students ＝students with short sight 近视的学生 

又如：sweet-tempered 性情温和的 

tender-hearted 软心肠的 

（4）名词＋形容词，名词如同状语，修饰形容词 

an apple-green shirt ＝a shirt being as green as apple苹果绿衬衫 

snow-white walls 雪白的墙 

a piece of sky-blue cloth 一块天蓝色的布

have to do sth. 不得不做某事。

I have to wash my clothes now 我现在不得不先洗衣服/我必须现在去洗衣服

I have to finish my homework before watching TV 我必须先做完家庭作业才能看电视

Everyone has to protect his privacy.每个人都应该保护自己的隐私

8、If anyone ever asked her, she always answers... 条件状语从句。

ever = at any time 一旦，任何时候(时间副词)

how old she is注意宾语从句中主谓语序。

例句：I want to know when you will come.   Did you hear what he said?

9、My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!

it must be : 一定(推测) 表示对现在情况的肯定推测，it……形式主语, 用不定式做真正的主语

must +原形……对现在的推测

grow up 长大成人 → be grown up 被迫的感情色彩 → grown-up 成年人 [n.]

例句：He is a grown-up now.   She grew up in that village.

Grown-up : (形容词短语)成年人的，成熟的
She has a grown-up daughter who lives abroad. 她有一个已经长大成人的女儿,在海外生活

be grown-up : 作为一个成年人

must be thirty-five years old

当有人问你年龄时, 你可以这样回答 :

It is a secret/It is privacy.I forget it. /  twenty-nine

Terrible：

辨析：afraid, fearful, awful, dreadful, frightful, terrible, horrible, terrific

afraid: 指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。

fearful: 普通用词，既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧，又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。

A fearful person is a weak person. 怕这怕那的人是软弱的人。

awful: 指威严得令人害怕或敬畏，有一定的感情色彩。

We had an awful earthquake here last year. 去年我们这里发生了可怕的地震

He seemed to be very awful while serving the famous actress.他在招待那位著名的女演员时，看上去非常的敬畏

dreadful: 指使人非常恐惧，毛骨悚然，也使人感到讨厌而退缩。

Dreadful weather, don't you think? 这天气真讨厌，你说不是吗?、The dreadful sight chilled her to the marrow.这种可怕的景象使她感到毛骨悚然。

frightful: 指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。

I was awakened by a frightful clap of thunder.我被一声可怕的雷声惊醒。

terrible: 侧重指给人以长久的惊骇，极端的恐怖，令人难以忍受。

horrible: 指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然，着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。

terrific: 多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。

Grammar in use

1、文化背景：

   西方人很注重个人隐私（privacy），尤其是女性的年龄（A woman’s age is a secret.）。有这样一句谚语：Never ask a woman how old she is, but always remember her birthday. 但是时光是无情的，每个人都会老去，所以最重要的是心理年轻，听一首歌《Forever Young》。

2、must, have to的用法；

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。

1． His play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2． I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）

1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.

实战演练：

1. -Mum， may I watch TV now？

-Sure， but you ________ help me with my English.

A. can       B. may         C. must     D. could

1. C.这组对话的意思是："妈妈，我现在可以看电视吗？""当然，但你必须帮我学英语。"该题测试情态动词的用法。表示主观上看来"必须"要做的事，要用must.

2. -Must I hand in my exercise book today？

-No， you ________.

A. can't B. needn't       C. mustn't     D. won't

2. B.这组对话的意思是："我必须今天交作业吗？""不必。"该题测试情态动词的用法。对以must开头的问句进行否定回答时，要用needn't.

3. -Can you go skating with us this afternoon？

-Sorry， I can't. I ________ take care of my little sister at home.

A. can      B. may          C. would     D. have to

3. D.这组对话的意思是："今天下午你能同我们一块去溜冰吗？""抱歉，我不能去。我必须在家照看我小妹妹。"该题测试情态动词的用法。表示客观上"不得不"做某事时，要用have to.

4. Children ________ play with fire.

A. mustn't B. can't         C. shouldn't  D. needn't

4. A.考查情态动词。mustn't千万不，绝不能，一定不要；can't不能；shouldn't不应该；needn't不必要。