初中定语从句讲解及练习

 

一、        定义：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

 

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

 

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why

 

关系词常有三个作用：

1、引导定语从句  

2、代替先行词  

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

 

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

 

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

 

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

 

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

( which 在句子中做主语)

 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

( which 在句子中做宾语)

 

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

 The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

 

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

 

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

 

Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

 

定 语 从 句 练 习

 

练习(一)

请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)

1. Check the ways you study for an English test.

2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

3.You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

4.I have some ideas that may help.

5.They said something you didn’t like.

 

6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently?

8.He would always take pride in everything good I do.

9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?

 

12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

13.  Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.

14.  If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.

15.  All I ever wanted to do was traveling.

 

二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose

1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.

2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.

3. The man __________ you went to see has come.

4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.

5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.

 

6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.

7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.

8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.

9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.

10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.

 

11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.

12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.

13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.

14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.

15.The book ­­­­­____________ is on the table is mine.

 

16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.

17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.

18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?

19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.

20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.

 

三、单项选择

(   ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.

A. who    B. which    C. whom     D. whose

(   ) 2. What’s the name of the program________.

A. which are listening           B. you are listening to

C. to that you are listening       D. that you are listening

(   ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.

A. in which    B. in that this   C. all that    D. in everything

(   ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.

A. whom     B. whose       C. that         D. which

(   ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.

A. where    B. in which    C. which        D. in that

 

(   ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.

A. that     B. what        C. which        D. who

(   ) 7. Do you know the student_____?

A. whom I often talk           B. with who I often talk

C. I often talk with           D. that I often talk

(   ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.

A. whose     B. who’s         C. it's           D. its

(   ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A. what I need   B.I need      C. which I need it   D. that I need it

(   )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.

A. who          B. to whom     C. whom         D. that

  

 

 

 

答案：

练习(一)

一、注：（划了线的是定语从句） 方框里的词是先行词           

1.      Check the ways you study for an English test. （

2.      Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

3.      You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

4.      I have some ideas that may help.

5.      They said something you didn’t like.

6.      Can you think of any problems you have had recently?

8.      He would always take pride in everything good I do.

9.      My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

10.  What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?

12.   If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

13.  Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.

14.  If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.

15.  All I ever wanted to do was traveling.

 

二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose

1.        This is the man __that \who ______ wants to see you.

2.        The student ____ that \who _______ answered the question is Zhang Hua.

3.        The man _____ that \who _____ you went to see has come.

4.        The man _____ that \who _\whom_____I met yesterday lent me some money.

5.        The woman ______ that \who \whom_________ you saw is our geography teacher.

6.        The runner _______ that \who \whom_________ you are asking about is over there.

7.        The person _____ that \who \whom_________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.

8.        The man _____ that \who ______was passing by saw what happened.

9.        Here is the pen ___that \which______ you lost the day before yesterday.

10.    These books ____that \which_________ you lent me were very useful.

11.    The storybook _______ that \which______ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.

12.    A clock is a machine ____ that \which___ tells people the time.

13.    This is shirt _______ that \which_________I bought yesterday.

14.    A dictionary is a book ___ that \which___________ gives the meaning to the word.

15.    The book ­­­­­_____ that \which________ is on the table is mine.

16.    The film _______ that \which______ they are talking about is very interesting.

17.    I will never forget the people and the places __that___ I have ever visited.

18.    Is there anyone ______whose______ family is in Beijing?

19.    Show me the boy _____whose_________ mother is a well-known singer.

20.    The boy____whose__ father is a teacher is good at English.

 

三选择

1-5 ADACC

6-10 ACABB