§ Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue 对美德的奖赏

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★reward n 报偿

give sb reward给...报偿(n)

reward sb with sth用...奖赏...

I write sth with a pen.(with 表示 “用” )

reward sb for sth因为...给某人奖赏

...reward him for the first prize

 

★virtue n 美德

strongpoints 长处, merit优点

shortpoints短处 weak points弱点

 

★diet n 节食

go on a diet

be on a diet

 

★forbid [fE5bid] v禁止

(pt.forbade[fE`bAd, -`beId] / pp.forbidden[fE5bidn])

forbid sb to do sth : 禁止某人做某事

allow sb to do允许某人做某事

Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市)

Forbidden fruit 禁果

lost : 一个动词的过去分词可以作为形容词用

broken glass被打破地玻璃

 

★hurriedly adj 匆忙地

★embarrass v 使尴尬

embarrassing : 令人尴尬地

embarrassed:感到尴尬

sth embarrass sb

you embarrassed me你让我感到尴尬

embarrassment

to my embarrassment让我感到尴尬的

 

★guiltily adv 内疚地

guiltily conscience 问心有愧 (conscience [5kCnFEns] n.良心, 道德心 )

clear conscience问心无愧

 

★strict adj 严格的

be strict with sb

my father is strict with me

be strict in sth

 

★reward v 给奖赏

★occasionally adv 偶而地

on the occasion偶尔

sometimes偶尔

at times偶尔

How often do you visit your parents

off and on偶尔

now and again偶尔

 

【Text】

Lesson 51  Reward for Virtue  对美德的奖赏

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.  

Why did Hugh's diet not work?

 

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes,rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit.I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

 

参考译文

我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近来情况变得越发糟糕, 以致他决定节食. 他是一星期前开始节食的. 首先, 他开列了一张长长的单子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物. 这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的 : 黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果. 昨天我去看望了他. 我按响了门铃. 当看到休仍和往常一样胖时, 我并不感到惊奇. 他把我领进屋, 慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面. 显然他感到很尴尬. 当我问他正干什么时, 他内疚地笑了, 然后把那个大包拿到了桌上. 他解释说, 他的饮食控制得太严格了, 以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下. 接着他给我看了包里的东西. 里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果!

 

【课文讲解】

so.....that......结果状语从句

First of all首先, 首要 (许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的)

at first首先(句型 : at first....., then....... : 起先.......然后.......)

write out 写出

included 在这里课文中不能用contain

contain一定是容器里面装

most of 大部分 fatten : 使某人长胖

pay sb a visit 拜访某人

pay a visit to sb./someplace:拜访某人/某地.

call up sb./at someplace拜访某人/某地

拜访某人但更习惯用pay sb a visit 如 : pay you a visit

have a visit＝visit

as...as ever像往常一样; 如 : as clean as ever    as quiet as ever

be surprised to do / be surprised at sth

lead sb into(进门) show sb out(出门) see sb off(送行)

obviously adv ＝ it was obvious that......(it 为形式主语)

 

【letter writing】书信写作

如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信, 应按如下方式开头 : 亲爱的布朗先生

对对方熟悉, 但是为了表示一种尊重, 也可这么写. 在姓名之后总要加上一个逗号.

 

Exercise 练习

How would you begin a letter to:your sister,your friend Bill,your employer,your old headmaster?

给下列人写信应如何开头 : 你的姐姐(Dear +姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比尔(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +某人), 你的老校长(Dear Mr./Mrs. +姓).

另 : 在不知道对方性别姓名时 : 如应聘信开头  Dear Sir/Madam,

 

【Special difficulties】  难点

1、raise及物动词 / rise : 不及物动词, 不能加宾语 : 它们的区别不在于意思, 而在于词性

2、lay : 及物动词 / lie不及物动词 : lay the egg / lie in bed

3、beat后面接对手 win不能接对手 : I beat you.

 

Exercise 练习

Choose the correct yerbs in the following sentences:

选择正确的动词 :

1 Everybody(raised)(rose)when he entered the room.

2 I have been(laying)(lying)here for half an hour.

3 Mrs.Jones(laid)(lay)the table before breakfast.

4.The aeroplane(raised)(rose)into the air.

5 I'm not very good at chess. He always(wins)(beats) me.

6‘Did you(win)(beat)or lose?’I asked.

1 rose 2 lying 3 laid / before breakfast. 不能用 “lay” 因为第三人称单数4 rose 5 beats 有对手 6 win 后面没对手

 

【Summary writing】 摘要写作

Answer these questions in not more than 65 words.

回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过65个单词.

1 Is Hugh fat or not? Has he gone on a diet or not? (so...that)

2 Has he forbidden hinself all the foods he likes,or has he forbidden himself all the foods he does not like?Has he lost weight or not?(but)

3 What did he hide under his desk when the writer visited him yesterday?

4 Did the parcel contain chocolate and sweets,or did it contain biscuits?

5 Why did Hugh say that he had to reward himself occasionally?(because)

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4  How long ago ______his diet?

a.will he begin  b.has he begun  c. was he beginning  d. did he begin

4、answer : D 解题时要求读完句子

注意因为有ago的词, 一定不用完成时, 用一般过去时

 

11  He was very embarrassed. He felt ______.

a.shy  b.shameful  c.hot  d.uncomfortable

11、felt 是feel的过去式

半联系动词 : be动词

注意以下三类词 :

① 感官动词feel, smell(闻起来 : The food smeel well.), sound(听起来 : The idea sound good.)

② get : 变得, become,

⑶ lie

feel+adj

shy [Fai] adj. : 害羞的(习惯性的, 在某一种情况下就会作出的反应)

shame [Feim] n : 羞愧

shameful : 令人羞愧的 : It’s shameful.(注意它没有 “-ing” 形式)

Ashamed [E5Feimd] adj. : 感到羞愧的 : I am ashamed.

hot热的, 恼火的

uncomfortable : 不舒服的, 不放松的

comfortable: 一种自在, 轻松, 放松的概念

ill  生病 : I feel ill.

Terrible  糟透了, 不舒服

 

 

 

§ Lesson 52 A pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★temporarily [5tempErErili] adv 暂时地

★inch [IntF] n 英寸(度量单位)

foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里

 

★space [speis] n 空间

注意读音浊化, 六个爆破音中有三个清辅音 [p t k] 在 [s] 后面是要浊化为对应的三个浊辅音 [b d ^] 又如 school [sku:l]

 

★actually [5AktFuElI] adv 实际上

＝in fact

 

【Text】

Lesson 52 A pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.  

What is the writer's carpet made of?

 

We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.‘This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,’she said. She gazed at it for some time then added,‘You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!’

 

参考译文

我们刚刚搬进一所新房子, 我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午. 我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐, 但这并不容易, 因为我有1,000多本书. 更糟糕的是房间还非常小, 所以我暂时把书放在了地板上. 这会儿, 书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了, 我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的. 几分钟前, 我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬上了楼. 她走进我的房间, 当她看到地板上的那些书时, 大吃一惊. “这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯,” 她说. 她盯着 “地毯” 看了一会儿, 又说 : “你根本用不着书橱, 空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯!”

 

【课文讲解】

有just就是完成时

现在完成进行时－动作有延续

现在完成时 : 1、在漫长地时间段, 过去发生的, 还一定要对现在产生影响

2、在过去发生的动作, 一直延续到现在

体会区别 : It has rained for half day./It has been raining.

I have been working hard all morning(还在继续)

get my new room in order

in order : 有秩序, 有次序

get sth in order 使...有秩序(get 使役动词)

to make matters worse－插入语, 放在句子的开头, “更糟糕的是”

rather相当的

at the moment : (＝now)现在

every inch : 每一英寸(夸张)

It is worth every penny of it.(一册)

Eg: Gold covered every inch of the ground in America.

help sb (to) do sth : 帮某人做某事(to 可省略)

① help sb to do sth  ② help sb to do sth  ③ help sb. with sth.

He help me to learn english

He help me with my english

with your help : 在你的帮助下

with your help i made great progress

I have ever seen : 做定语从句出现, 是最高级的标志

gazed at : 对...向往, 羡慕

not at all起强调作用

现在完成时, 动词一定是延续性动词

 

【Summary writing】 摘要写作

2、This has proved difficult because he own over a hundred books which covered every inch of floor space at the moment. (双重复合句)

 

【Composition】 作文

1、when 2、not only....but.....as well (会放在there be 后面) 3、since: 因为, 由于(=because)

 

【Key structures】　关键句型

现在完成时 have done

现在完成进行时 have been doing

I have read the book书已看完

I have been reading the book还没看完, 还要继续

I have read 'Oliver Twist' five times.

与段时间连用可以用现在完成时, 也可以用现在完成进行时, 但跟次数连用的, 一定只能用完成时, 不能用现在完成进行时

He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.

 

【语法精髓】P9 用所给动词正确时态填空

1、You should go to bed.you _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours.

2、I _____ (write) letters since breakfast.

3、I _____ (write) 3 letters since breakfast.

4、Sorry, but Mr.Smith _____ (leave) for Beijing.

5、I _____ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?

 

1、have been watching/have watched

2、having been writing

3、have written

4、has left

leave是瞬间动词

1、和现在完成进行时连用的, 一定不能是次数

2、和现在完成进行时连用的动词, 一定不能时短暂动词

5、have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 这句话可知人没找到, 还要继续找

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

1、现在完成进行时

have been doing

强调动作有可能继续发生

不能是短暂动词, 次数不能连用

 

2、形容词－做表语, 定语

副词――修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词性本身(very much), 还可以修饰句子

大多数形容词加 “ly” 变为副词 : 如 beautiful－－beautifully

但是 : 不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep)

不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late)

不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)

有些词加了ly后, 反而意思会改变

有些词的形容词和副词同形

late(adj, adv)迟                            lately : 近来(=recently)

hard努力地(表示程度深), 困难地(=difficult)     hardly几乎不

high : (adj)高的 high(adv)=高度地             highly : 高度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)

deep : 深的(adj)(adv)                      deeply : 深度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)

near(adj adv) : 在旁边的                       nearly : 几乎, 将近

 

Exercise 练习  选择正确的词 :

1 She dusted the furniture very(careful)(carefully).

2 I hit him very(hardly) (hard) .

3 This exercise is not(hard)(hardly).

4 I got home from work very(lately)(late)last night.

5 I(near)(nearly)missed the bus the this morning.

6 He ran so(fastly)(fast)no one could keep up with him.

7 I can't jump so(highly)(high).

 

1 carefully 2 hard 3 hard 4 late 5 nearly 6 fast 7 high

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3  He has been working all morning and he ______hard.

a.still works  b.has still worked  c. is still working  d.still worked

answer : C

现在还在继续

a. still works 一般现在时是一种习惯

 

4  He's been trying to get his room in order. He wants to ______.

a.make it tidy  b. keep it tidy  c. made order  d. keep order

answer: A

keep order : 保持秩序

动词+宾语+形容词(做宾补)

此类动词常见的有 : get, keep, make, find (其中get make 是使役动词)

 

7  The writer ______bookcases.

a.needn't  b.needs not  c. doesn't need  d.isn't needing

answer : C

a.needn’t :情态动词后面不能加动词

b.need not :实义动词后面不能加not

d.isn’t needing : need 不用进行时态

 

10  He actually has to walk on them. He can't do ______.

a.else  b.different  c.otherwise  d.other

answer: C

else一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anything else,anybody else,who else,what else等

different－－形容词, 动词后应加副词或名词做宾语, 而不是形容词

other－形容词

the other－－代词

otherwise  ① conj.连词, “否则, 不然” , Eg: hurry up,otherwise you will miss train.

② adj 形容词 另外的, 其他方面的

③ adv 副词 另外, 否则, 不同地, 别的方式 (=differently)

 

12  You can sit here in your spare time. You can sit here when you're ______.

a.working  b.studying  c.not working  d.reading

answer: D

spare time = not work

c. 在考试时没上下文是答案为 : c

d.在本课文中应为 : d

 

 

 

§ Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★hot adj 带电的, 充电的

hot热的, hot-hot-hot : 麻辣烫

hot-wings : 辣鸡翅

hot-tempered : 火暴(脾气)的    temper[5tempE] n 脾气 v. (冶金)回火、锻炼, 调和, 调节

hot line : 热线

hot topic : 热门话题

hot cake : 热蛋糕

hot dog : 热狗

It sells like a hot cake/cakes 表示一个东西的畅销, 热销

hot新鲜的

best seller : 畅销的东西

hot potato棘手的问题

hot news最热点的新闻

hot snake触电的蛇

 

★fireman n 消防队员

hydrant [5haidrEnt] n.消防栓, 消防龙头

fire extinguisher : 灭火器   extinguisher [Ik5stIN^wIFE(r)] n.熄灭者, 灭火器

extinguish＝put out : 灭火

 

★cause v; n 引起; 原因

cause sth : 引起麻烦

Carelessness causes accidents. 粗心导致事故

Pride causes failure骄傲使人失败    failure [5feiljE]

cause sb to do sth : 引起某人做某事, 导致某人做某事

Illness caused him to lose his temper    (lose his temper 发火)

because : 因为 be cause

reason : 理由, cause : 原因

cause : 强调事情发生的直接原因(一个)

reason : 其他各种的理由(很多个)

 

★examine v 检查

examine the soil

check : 核实, 核对

 

★accidentally adv 意外地, 偶然地 (但更趋向于 “偶然” 的意思)

accident－》accidental－》accidentally

accident : 事故

unexpectedly : 出乎意料地(更趋向于 “意外” 的意思)

 

★remains n 尸体, 残骸

remains指dead body

 

★wire n 电线

★volt n 伏特

★power line 电力线

★solve v 解决

solve the mystery

solve the problem

 

★mystery n 谜

mystery(无法接受地, 解释不了的)

 

★snatch v 抓住

catch : 如抓鱼

hold : 握着

snatch : (突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性

seize : 抓住(用力)seize my arm

 

★spark n 火花, 并不一定电火花

 

【Text】

Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

What caused the fire?

 

At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16, 000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.

 

参考译文

消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火. 从那时起, 他们一直试图找出起火的原因. 森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起. 昨天, 消防队员仔细查看了地面, 但未能发现碎玻璃. 他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的. 然而今天上午, 一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因. 他发现了缠绕在16, 000伏高压线上的一条死蛇. 就这样, 他解开了起火之谜. 解释很简单, 却异乎寻常. 一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来, 然后把它扔到了电线上. 于是蛇就缠住了几根电线. 当它这样做时, 把火花送到了地面, 这些火花立刻引起了一场大火.

 

【课文讲解】

put out a fire扑灭火

a fire一场(堆)火

since then 从那时起到现在为止

have been trying to

现在完成时强调的是很有可能进行下去, 但并不是强调必然要进行下去

broken glass被打碎的玻璃片

cigarette ends烟头

be able to 能够 / be not able to 没有能够

be sure that : 对...很有把握

quite sure : 相当的把握性

rather : 相当

fairly [5fZEli] adv.相当, 公正地, 诚实地

quite(＝completely)－》rather－》fairly

程度一个比一个轻

quite a few颇有几个(相当多的)

start a fire＝cause a fire

accidentally(by chance) : 偶然地

unexpectedly : 出乎别人意料之外

cause : 直接原因

notice : 注意别人没注意的东西

wind one's way : 蜿蜒而行

wind [waind] vt 盘旋, 缠绕

16,000-volt power line : 连字符 : “-” 一旦加在两个词之间, 这个词之间就失去了加复数的资格, 能够加连字符的概念一定是做定语

in this way : 以这种方式

explanation : 解释

had done : 先发生的事

drop : 无意掉下去的

do so : 这么做

i refuse to do so我拒绝这么做

send+宾补

down to the ground : 介词短语作宾补

these 指的是 sparks

hot snake : 触电的蛇

get a shake

get a electric shock  触电

now that既然

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

quite /quiet

quiet adj 安静的

quite adv 相当地, 非常地, 很

 

cause/reason

reason : 理由, cause : 原因(直接)

cause v

1、cause sth : 导致, 引起

2、cause sb to do sth : 导致某人做某事

reason v

reason with sb : 劝说(以道理)

beg for sth : 乞求什么东西

 

drop/fall

drop vt +宾语(名词或代词), 强调的是不小心掉下来

fall vi 物宾语, 强调的是掉下来的概念, 动作

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6  He was able to solve the mystery. He ______.

a.could if he wanted to    b.could but he didn't want to

c.succeeded in solving it   d. didn't succeed in solving it

6、key phrase : be able to＝can, succeed in doing

 

11  In this way he was able to solve the mystery. ______he did it.

a.That's so  b.Like this  c.That's how  d. So

11、in this way以这种方式 = that’s how

like 在英文中不表示方式, 只表示两者的东西很象

 

 

【Summary writing】 摘要写作

1  Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not? Have they been trying to discover its cause?(Now that ...)

2  Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not?

3  Who has just solved the mystery?(However)

4  What did he notice? Had it been dropped by a bird on to the electric wires or not?(which)

5  Where did the snake wind itself? What had it sent to the ground? Did this cause the fire or not?(In winding... and)

 

1 now that 既然

Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California ,they have been trying to discover its cause.

2 evidence n 证据

区分同位语从句与定语从句地区别 :

如果that做了主语或者宾语, 是定语从句

如果that既不作主语也不作宾语, 是同位语从句

fact , evidence 的后面往往是加同为语从句

5 (in) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire.

介词 “in” “on” 放在动词 “-ing” 前面的理解方式和没有 “in” “on” 的理解方式一样

 

 

 

§ Lesson 54 sticky fingers 粘糊的手指

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★sticky adj 粘的

as sticky as glue和胶水一样粘

 

★finger n 手指

thumb大拇指

index finger食指 (index [5indeks] n vi vt)

middle finger中指

ring finger无名指

little finger小指

toe [tEu] 脚趾

 

★pie n 馅饼

★mix v 混合, 拌和

mixture n混合物

 

★pastry n 面糊

★annoying adj 恼人的

It is annoying

annoyed感到烦恼的

比anger的语气弱 [5AN^E] n v

 

★recelver n 电话的话筒

★dismay v 失望, 泄气

dismay sb让某人感到失望

dismaying令人失望

dismayed感到失望

 

★recognize v 认出, 听出

★persuade v 说服, 劝说

reason with sb劝说; 并不能说明是否劝说成功

try to persuade 劝说; persuade表示劝说已经成功

 

★mess n 乱七八糟

what a mess!

you are a mess!你真邋遢

the man/woman is a mess

make a mess of sth把...搅得乱七八糟

he made a mess of my job他把我的工作搅得一团糟

 

★doorknob n 门把手

★sign v 签字

sign your name(s) here在这签名 (许多人加 “s” )

signature [5si^nitFE] 签名

I need your signature我需要你的签名

autograph [5C:tE^rB:f] 明星, 名人的签名 (n 亲笔签名 v 签署)

registered letter挂号信

sign for签收

 

★register v 挂号邮寄

 

【Text】

Lesson 54 sticky fingers 粘糊的手指

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

What two interruptions did the writer have?

 

After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops. It was still early when I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some meat pies. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could have been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!

参考译文

早饭后, 我送孩子们上学, 然后就去了商店. 我回到家时, 时间还早. 孩子们在上学, 我丈夫在上班, 家里清静得很. 于是我决定做些肉馅饼. 不一会儿我就忙着调拌起了黄油和面粉, 很快我的手上就沾满了粘粘的面糊. 恰恰在此时, 电话铃响了. 没有什么能比这更烦人了. 我用两个沾满面糊的手指捏起了话筒. 当我听出是海伦·贝茨的声音时, 非常丧气. 我用了10分钟的时间才说服她过会儿再来电话. 我终于挂上了话筒. 真是糟糕透了!我的手指上、电话机上以及门的把手上, 都沾上了面糊. 我刚回到厨房, 门铃又响了起来, 响声足以把死人唤醒. 这次是邮递员, 他要我签收一封挂号信!

 

【课文讲解】

after breakfast在吃过早饭后

I send the children to school送孩子上学

at school在上学

at work 在上班

at home在家休息

be busy doing忙于做某事

flour面粉, 不可数名词, 注意发音于 “flower [5flauE]” 相同, 但 “flower” 是可数名词, 一般会用复数 “flowers”

be covered with盖满

at exactly that monent就在那时

no one could be/have been没有人...

no one could be /have been fatter没有人更胖了

nothing could have been cheaper没有什么东西更便宜了

no face could be uglier没有一张脸更丑了 (ugly [5Q^li])

no books could be more interesting没有书更有趣了

nothing could have been more exciting没有什么事情更令人激动

pick up the receiver捡起话筒

persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事

it takes sb some time to do sth花费某人多久做某事, “it” 作形式主语

ring back : 1、回电话, 2、再打电话

hang up挂起

hang up the receiver挂断电话

no sooner...than... / hardly...when...

 

★enough n adj adv 足够的

1、n.  I have/had had enough.我已经拥有足够了

2、adj  ① enough+n, ② n+enough 修饰名词

I have enough time/time enough.

enough修饰名词放在被修饰词的前面或后面

3、adv  不修饰动词只修饰adj或者adv

enough修饰adj或者adv时一定要放在被修饰词的后面;

enough to do sth足以用来做某事

he is rich enough to buy the whole city他富有的可以买下整个城市

I am hungry enough to eat sth

在dead, young, old前面可以直接加the

the+adj表示...一类人

the rich富人 the young 年轻人 the blind瞎子 the deaf 聋子

the English英国人 Englishman, Englishwoman

 

重点 :

词 (annoyin;dismay;persuade;mess;sign)

句型 (1 Nothing could have been more annoying. 2 loud enough to wake the dead.)

 

【letter writing】书信写作

pleased to do非常高兴的

在信的第一段里, 你应该提及你已经收到的一封信或促使你回信的某一事件

如 : I was very pleased to learn that you are well.

I was very pleased to learn that you have a baby.恭喜你做爸爸了

Thank you for +n

 

【Key structures】 关键句型

the + adj : 表示一类人

the most : 最

most : 非常

most of the : 大部分的

most of the young people : 大部分年轻人

 

【Multiple choice questions】 多项选择题

5  Nothing could have been more annoying. It was ______annoying thing that could have happened.

a.the more  b.more  c.most  d. the most

5、nothing + be more annoying表达最高级含义

answer: D

 

7  She had hardly got back to the kitchen ______the doorbell rang.

a.when  b.than  c.as  d. as soon as

hardly....when.....

no sooner.....than.....

 

8  She was busy mixing butter and flour. She was ______.

a.joining them  b.uniting them  c. unifying them  d. putting them together

United States (政治上的联合)

Unify 与 unite 的用法基本相同, 指的是政治上的联合

join的两种用法

1、join the army/join the party

2、join us!(口语常用, 注意连读)

answer: D

 

10  She was dismayed when she heard Helen Bates. She felt ______.

a.pity  b.sorry  c.ill  d.tired

tired 单独用表示 : 很累

只有 “tired of” 表示 : 厌烦

pity 为名词, sorry 为adj

answer: B

fell 为感官动词

 

【Composition】 作文

用括号中的连词改写以下句子 :

1  I put the cake in the oven. I forgot all about it. (After putting)

2  Two hours had passed.I smelled something burning.(When)

3  I went into the kitchen.I found it full of smoke.(On going)

 

1 After putting the cake in the oven, I forgot all about it.

2 .....(time)passed, and then.....

  .....(time)passed, before.....

Two hours had passed when I smelled something burning.

一般不会把 “when” 放在 “.....(time)passed.....” 之前, 这是一种习惯

something burning: burning放在不定代词后面, “-ing” 表主动关系, 即表示东西正在燃烧.

3 On going into the kitchen, I found it full of smoke.

 

【Summary writing】 摘要写作

1  Did the writer return home from the shops or not?What did she begin to make?(As soon as)

2  Did the telephone ring soon afterwards or not? Were her hugers very sticky or not?(When)

3  How long did she spend talking to Helen Bates on the telephone?

4  Did she look at the mess she had made or not?(After that)

5  What was covered with pastry?

6  Who rang the doorbell?(Just then)

7  What did he want her to do?

 

1 as soon as:时间状语从句引导词

  as soon as = when

  as soon as 强调这个动作一发生, 立即就发生了另一个动作

  when 不强调两个动作紧密相连

4 after 作介词, 后接名词或代词作宾语

        作连词, 后接句子

文中 “that” 为代词, “after that” 仅为介词短语

 

补充P237 lesson 50 summary writing

1  Where did the writer want to go? Did he know the way or not? What did the conductor promise to do? (but as)

1 “but as” 并不是并列短语, 两者连在一起仅仅是巧合

The writer wanted to go to Woodfast Green but as he did not know the way, the conductor promised to tell him where to get off.

第一句和第二句之间是 “but” 关系, 第二句和第三句之间为 “as” 关系, 所以产生 “but as”

 

 

 

§ Lesson 55 Nota gold mine 并非金矿

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★gold n 金子

gold [^Euld] n /golden [5^EuldEn] adj

sth be made of gold由金子做成的

gold watch; gold ring

golden sun金色的太阳

Silence is golden沉默是金 (silence [5sailEns] n.静, 寂静, 沉默, 静默 vt.使沉默, 使安静 v.压制)

golden : 金色的, 宝贵的

golden opportunity宝贵的机会 (opportunity [7CpE5tju:niti] n.机会, 时机)

golden sentence黄金句型

I am honoured to have the opportuneity to do sth.

I am glad to have have the golden opportunity to do sth.

I am glad to have the golden opportunity to stay with you.

 

【Special difficulties】Exercise B

用gold或golden填空 :

1 All that glitters is not ______.

glitter [5^litE] vi.闪闪发光, 闪烁, 闪光 n.闪光

all......is not......不是所有的

All that glitters is not gold.

部分否定 not al

2 Silence is ______.

Silence is golden.

 

goldfish n 金鱼 (众口铄金)

platinum [5plAtinEm] n.白金, 铂

 

★mine n 矿

★treasure n 财宝 (为总称, 没有复数)

‘treasure island’  《金银岛》

jewel [5dVu:El] n 宝石 珠宝, (可数)

jewelry [5dVu:ElrI] n.珠宝, 珠宝类 珠宝(总称, 不可数)

I have some jewels./I have some jewelry.

people/police/cattle (总称)

diamond钻石

jade [dVeid] 碧玉 (不可数名词)

jade palace:翠宫饭店

 

★revealer n 探测器

reveal揭示

 

★invent v 发明

invention n

 

★detect v 探测

detective n

 

★bury v 埋藏

★cave n 山洞

★seashore n 海岸

★pirate n 海盗

pirate [5paiErit] n.海盗, 盗印者, 盗版者, 侵犯专利权者 vt.盗印, 盗版, 掠夺, 翻印 vi.做海盗

 

★arm v 武装

army n 军队

hold one's arm

Farewell!Arms永别了, 武器

farewell [5fZE5wel] n.辞别, 再见, 再会 int.再会,别了!(常含有永别或不容易再见面的意思)

Soldiers should be armed well士兵应该要很好的武装

the youth should be armed with knowledge.年轻人应该用知识武装自己

youth [ju:W] n.青春, 青年时期, 初期, 少年, 青年们

be covered with

the teacher should be patient.( patient [5peiFEnt] n.病人, 患者 adj.忍耐的, 耐心的)

the teacher should be armed with patience.

 

★soil n 泥土

earth泥土 (泥巴)

soil土壤 (能生长植物的地方)

 

★entrance n 入口

exit [5eksit, -zit] n.出口, 太平门, 退场, 去世 vi.退出, 脱离, 去世

entrance of/entrance to

entrance of the park / entrance to the park

 

★finally adv 最后

★worthless adj 毫无价值的

★thoroughly adv 彻底地

completely/thoroughly/totally

 

★trunk n 行李箱

★confident n 有信心的

confidence n

be confident of doing sth

be confident that

 

★value n 价值

 

 

【Text】

Lesson 55 Not a gold mine 并非金矿

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

What did the team find?

 

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called‘The Revealer’has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where----it is said----pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that‘The Revealer’may reveal something of value fairly soon.

 

参考译文

最近, 找到失踪宝藏的梦想差一点儿变成现实. 一种叫 “探宝器” 的新机器已经发明出来, 并被人们用来探测地下埋藏的金子. 在靠近海边的一个据说过去海盗常在里面藏金子的岩洞里, 这种机器被派上了用场. 海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里, 可后来却没能取走. 一支用这种新机器装备起来的探宝队进入了这个岩洞, 希望找到埋藏着的金子. 当这个队的队长正在检查洞口附近的土壤时, 那台机器显示出它的下面埋有金子. 队员们异常激动, 就地挖了一个两英尺深的坑, 但最后找到的是一枚几乎一钱不值的小金币. 队员们接着又把整个洞彻底搜寻了一遍, 但除了一只空铁皮箱外什么也没找到. 尽管如此, 很多人仍然相信 “探宝器” 很快就会探出值钱的东西来.

 

【课文讲解】

dreams come true梦想成真

dreams ended梦想破灭了, 梦断了

dream of

dream of doing sth

I dream of flying in the sky.(dream v)

dream of flying in the sky comes true.(dream n)

一句话中只有一个动词, 如果再出现动词, 可以用and并列连接, 也可以变成复合句, 用when, because连接, 还可以使这个动词表示动词意思, 但不做谓语, 即非谓语动词

过去分词做定语, 表示 “被”

ploughed field    (plough [plau] n.犁 v.耕, 犁, 犁耕, 费力穿过, 艰苦前进, 在考试中淘汰)

n+called

the plane called a “Pilatus Porter”

如果用短语修饰其他词, 则把短语放在被修饰词的后边

be used to do被用来

used to do

同位语从句中的引导词只要一个that

in the ground (更习惯于用 “under the ground” )

it is said是插入语 “据说”

used to过去常常

where 修饰 cave ; 一个地点状语从句

where: in which 翻译时译为 “在那儿”

This is the river where I swim.

would一般表示从过去看将来, 但此处表示 “used to” 过去常做

 

【Key structures】关键句型

当我们提到过去某一特定时间时, 我们有时可用would来代替used to. 但是, 我们不能在下面这个句子中使用would: This sort of novel used to be very popular.这种小说过去很流行.

 

be armed with         they were armed with.....

went into the cave     they went into the cave.

hoping to find          they hoped to find.....

如果几个句子的主语是同一事物, 则可以把几个句子合并为一个句子

在把握中心句子的前提下, 注意其他成分的合成. 如果是主动关系, 用ing形式

保留一个句子做主句, 其他的变成非谓语动词

非谓语动词采用何种形式, 则根据其与主语的关系, 如果是主动关系, 用ing, 被动关系, 则用动词的ed形式

主句与其他句子的位置安排要保持句子的平衡, 还要注意动作的连贯

the boy went home. the boy was crying. the boy was beaten

beaten by sb, the boy went home, crying.

armed with / hoping to find

entrance to /of : .....的入口

under the ground

Tired, I went home./ I went home tired.句子顺序不同, 表达的意思也不同

Very exciting, .....形容词短语做状语

如 : Tired of sleeping on the floor, ....(见lesson 49)

two feet deep数词+量词+形容词

long/wide/high/deep

人有多高用 “tall”

I am five years old.

数词+量词+形容词结构可以做定语; 也可以做表语

the street is wide.

the street is five meters wide.

文中 “a small gold coin” 没说成 “a gold small coin”

离名词最近的形容词是最被强调的

in spite of尽管/ though / even if

something of value (这里value n)

of 加名词往往让人联想这名词对应的形容词

of value＝valuable 有价值的

of small value 价值很小(= almost worthless)

形容词要放在不定代词的后边

something important

something of importance

someone patient

someone of patience

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3‘The Revealer’has been used for ______gold.

a.to detect  b.detecting  c.detect  dvdetected

3、介词后面要加v+ing形式

被用来做某事, 有两种表达方式

如果跟名词相连说be used for

如果跟动词相连说be used to do+v be used for +v+ing

 

4 Pirates used to hide gold there, ______.

a. and they always do           b.and they still do

c. and they still do sometimes   d.that's what they would do

That’s what : 那就是....事

题目 “Pirates used to hide gold there, .....” 应该用句号, 而不应该用逗号

两个句子中间必须加 “and ,but” 等连词, 或是用句号隔开

1、  一句话当中只有一个主语, 一个动词, 叫简单句

2、  出现两个以上的动词要用连词连接

两个句子可以是主从句

可以把一个动词用为动词, 而把其他的动词改装为非谓语动词

 

7 How ______was the hole?

a.deeply  b.depth  c.deep  d.down

answer:C

deeply adv

depth n

deep adj adv

down adv

用什么词看它的陈述句用什么词

 

8‘The Revealer’is a very good ______.

a.machine  b.engine  c.machinery  d.mechanic

machine [mE5Fi:n] n. 机器 可数名词

engine [5endVin] n. 发动机

machinery [mE5Fi:nEri] n.[总称] 机器, 机械 机器(总称, 一般后边不会加s, 前面也不加a)

mechanic [mi5kAnik] n.技工, 机修工, 机械士

revealer探测器

answer: a

 

10 The coin was almost worthless. So it was of small ______.

a.worthy  b.honour  c.price  d.value

of value = valuable

of small value＝worthless不值钱的

of great value非常值钱的

介词短语修饰名词时放在其后面

 

【Summary writing】 摘要写作

回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过65个单词.

1 Is‘The Revealer’a new machine or an old machine?Is it used for detecting buried gold or not?(which)

2 Did a search party use this machine or not? Where did they try to find gold recently?(Using this machine...)

3 Did they examine the cave thoroughly or not? Did they only find a small gold coin?Was it valuable or was it practically worthless?(Although...which)

4 Do many people believe that the machine may reveal something of value soon or not?(However)

 

1、  machine 作为先行词, it 指代 machine, 会被which 所取代

2、  using this machine, a seach party tried to find the gold in came near the seashore.

3、  Although 会引导让步状语从句, which 会引导一个定于从句

Although they examined the came thoroughly ,they only found a small gold coin which was practically worthless.

4、however 放在句首句中都可以, 要用逗号隔开

 

 

 

§ Lesson 56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快!

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★sound n 声音

sound v  听起来

adj 合理的 等于reasonable [5ri:znEbl] adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的

I have a piece of sound advice.我有一个合理的建议

Soundly adj 香甜的: sleep soundly

任何声音都可以说 : sound n

voice n 人的声音

noise n 和周围不和谐的声音, 躁音

 

★excitement n 激动, 兴奋

to one's excitement : 令某人激动的是

the most exciting thing is that : 最令人激动的是

the most surprising thing about it is that : 最令人惊讶的事情是

it excited me that : 让我激动的是

 

★handsome adj 漂亮的, 美观的

you look beautiful

一般形容人, 形容人的时候表示内在和外在美的统一, 完美的概念

She is pretty.

flowers are beautiful

picture is beautiful

pretty美丽(用于女孩或小孩), 有柔美的意思

pretty boy / pretty girl / pretty woman

nice (天气, 食物, 物品的品质等)

you are nice.你长得不错

lovely可爱的

This is a lovely story.这是一个可爱的故事

lovely girl

good-looking 很好看的

smart 小巧而美丽的(物)或时髦而美丽的(人) : she is smart.

cute [kju:t] adj.漂亮, 常用来形容小孩

the baby is cute

What a cute baby! 多漂亮的宝宝啊!

How cute you are! 你多漂亮啊!(可爱啊!)

handsome [5hAnsEm] adj.形容男孩, 英俊, 一般与男孩子连如 : handsome boy.

handsome与人连用有阳刚的美, 与物相连表示美观大方, 并表示制作精良.

Your husband is handsome./Your wife is pretty.

pretty跟男性连用就表示没有阳刚气, 女性化

handsome跟女性连用的时候就表示这个女孩子有阳刚气, 类似女侠的概念

 

★Rolls-Royce 罗乐斯-罗伊斯

★Benz n 奔驰

★wheel n 轮子

★explosion n 爆炸, 轰响

explode [iks5plEud] vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸, 爆发, 破除, 推翻, 激发

如 : decision n / decide v

explosive [iks5plEusiv] n.爆炸物,炸药 adj.爆炸(性)的, 爆发(性)的, 暴露

bomb [bCm] n.炸弹 vt.投弹于, 轰炸

the bomb exploded.

 

★course n 跑道, 行程

on the course按照轨道运行

off course 偏离轨道

of course 当然

course n 课程

This term,I took/take seven courses这学期我学了七门课

 

★rival n 对手

competition n 竞争, 竞赛

competitor [kEm5petitE] n.the person who takes part in the competition竞争者, 对手

opposite [5CpEzit] n.相反的事物 adj.相对的, 对面的, 对立的, 相反的, 对等的, 对应的

opponent [E5pEunEnt] n.对手, 反对者(持反对意见的人, 如辩论赛上的和政治上的) adj

enemy敌人

rival adj 势均力敌的 n 势均力敌的对手 v

 

★speed v 疾驶

speed sped sped

speed 速度

at the speed of 以...的速度

the car goes at the speed of 40 miles an hour / at 40 miles an hour.

在车后的3 speed/4 speed表示档位

blow up风力的增加

speed up速度的增加, 加速

slow down减速

 

★downhill adv 下坡

downstairs下楼

upstairs上楼

go down stairs

go downhill 下山

downtown (n adj adv) 市中心的商业区 反意词 : uptown 远离商业区

I'll go to the downtown.

 

【Text】

Lesson 56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快!

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

How fast did the winning car go?

 

Once a year,a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part.After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them !A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour--much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.

 

参考译文

旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次. 去年有很多汽车参加了这项比赛. 比赛开始之前, 人们异常激动. 最漂亮的汽车之一是罗尔斯-罗伊斯生产的银鬼汽车, 而最不寻常的一辆则要属只有3只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了. 该车造于1885年, 是参赛车中最老的一辆. 在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后, 比赛开始了. 很多汽车在途中就抛了锚, 而有些驾驶员花在汽车底下的时间比坐在汽车里面的时间还长. 然而还是有几辆汽车跑完了全程. 获胜的那辆车达到了时速40英里——远远超过任何对手. 它在接近终点时, 冲下了山坡, 驾驶员费了好大劲才把车停下来. 这次比赛使每个人都挺开心. 它虽然与现代汽车比赛大不相同, 但激动人心的程度并不亚于现代汽车大赛.

 

【课文讲解】

How fast did the winning car go?获胜的车子走得有多快?

race车赛

Once a year,a race is held for old cars.也可以 : Old car race is held once a year.

enter for报名参加

a great deal of 大量的+不可数名词

a great number of +可数名词

a great many +可数名词

a large amount of +不可数名词

There was a great deal of excitement.人们非常激动

There is a great deal of excitement.

Just before : just 起强调作用

关于one of :(lesson 28)

如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词

如果在one of前面还有一修饰词only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看

He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是做单数看待的

One of the answers is ture.

One of those people is good.

A Benz : 许多Benz 中的一辆

Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. It 是主语

The car was built in 1885.

Taking part 理解为 : taking part in

Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part (in the race).

A great many 许多

After explosions 许多爆炸声之后

break down车子抛锚

many cars许多车子

many of the cars 车子当中的许多

many students许多学生

many of my students 我教过的许多学生

some pictures一些照片

some of the pictures那些照片中的一些

spend 花费

英文中的斜体字起强调作用

spent more time under their cars than in them.他们花在车下的时间比在车里的时间还多

the wining car 获胜车

much faster快得多

a little faster快一点

any of its rivals＝any rival 任何一个

any 在比较级中一旦出现, 它往往要加可数名词的单数

Beijing is bigger than any other city.注意 “other” 不能丢

如果是不定代词, 可以说someone else, anyone else

如果不是不定代词, 要在名词前加other. 如 : any other competitor.

have trouble doing sth干...有麻烦

trouble 既可数又不可数, 随你

give sb pleasure

give sb a fright

give me a fright你吓了我一跳

give you a surprise给你一个惊喜

give sb+n

掌握两个句型 :  ① There was a great deal of excitement.

② It will give sb. A great deal of pleasure.

modern car race 现代车赛

be different from和...不同

It was exciting.

no more和no less都表示和...一样, only, the same

There are no more than 100 students.

表示不相同用

not more; not less

not less = more

not more = less

not less exciting更令人激动

no less exciting一样的激动

no more than you 和你一样

总结 :

be held for 比赛为...而举行

is held for the blind 比赛为盲人而举行

a great deal of后要加不可数名词, 表示大量得

have trouble doing做...很困难

have trouble in doing sth (完整的表达式, 常省略 “in” )

than any +可数名词单数

 

【Key structures】 关键句型

not so...as不如

not as...as

I am less lucky.我还不如他们幸运. (lesson 20)

more exciting 更激动 = not less exciting.

as......as 和......一样

 

【Special difficulties】难点

1 handsome :可以指人, 也可以指东西的制作精良

  beautiful :美丽的, 强调内在和外在的结合

  pretty :强调女孩和小孩的外表美丽

  good-looking :好看

My furniture is good-looking.

 

2 reach;arrive

  reach :是及物动词, 后面一定要加宾语

  arrive :是不及物动词, 后面要加宾语要和介词 “in” 或 “at” 连用

 

3 take part in;take place

take part in参加

take place＝happen 发生

What happened?=What took place?

 

【Multiple choice questions】 多项选择题

4  ______in 1885, so it was the oldest car in the race.

a. It built  b. Built  c. It was built  d. Having built

一个简单句只有一个主语+一个动词, 如果出现了两个动词, 那么 :

① 用 “and,but,so” 等连接

② 变成带有从句和主句的复合句

③ 留一个作主干, 剩下的动词变为非谓语动词

④ 有介词短语替代动词概念, 如 : the boy in black

answer:C

 

5  It was the oldest car taking part. There wasn't ______one.

a. an older  b. the oldest  c. an elder  d. the eldest

elder 意为 “年长的” , 一般作定语用, 不用作比较

answer:a

 

12  It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its ______.

a. opponents  b. enemies  c. competitors  d. partners

opponent [E5pEunEnt] :两个持相反观点的对手

answer:c

partner [5pB:tnE] :伙伴, 搭档(合作关系的伙伴)

从下玩道大的伙伴用 : friend 或 company

 

6  It reached a speed of forty miles an hour. It ______ forty miles an hour.

a. ran  b. ran with  c. went at  d. drove with

用于 “速度” 的介词只有 “at”

 

3  A lot of cars entered for this race. There were______ cars in it.

a. much  b. lot of  c. lots of  d. plenty

much : 修饰不可数

lot of :不存在这种结构

lots of = a lot of

plenty of 固定搭配

 

 

 

§ Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam? 您要买什么, 夫人?

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★madam n .(对妇女的尊称)太太; 夫人

ma’am [mAm, mB:m, mEm] n. <口>夫人, 太太, 女士, 小姐 = madam

 

★jeans n 牛仔裤

trousers [5traJzEz] n.裤子, 长裤 / pants [pAnts] n.裤子, 短裤

 

★hesitate v 犹豫, 迟疑

hesitate to do sth

make up one's mind

hesitation [7hezi5teiFEn] n.犹豫, 踌躇

without hesitation毫不犹豫 : Without hesitation he refused my request.

 

★serve v 接待(顾客)

service [5sE:vis] n.服务, 服务性工作, 服役, 仪式 vt.保养, 维修 adj.(军队)服现役的, 服务性的, 仆人的, 耐用的

at your service

serve sb. : 为某人而服务

 

★scornfully adv 轻蔑地

look down upon/on : He looks down on me.

 

★punish v 惩罚

punishment惩罚 / capital punishment极刑

 

★fur n 裘皮

mink貂皮

 

★eager adj 热切的, 热情的

be eager to do 急于做某事

 

【Text】

Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam? 您要买什么, 夫人?

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Did the woman get what she wanted?

 

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told 5her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

参考译文

一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前. 她虽然犹豫了片刻, 但终于还是走进了商店, 要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看. 接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮, 轻蔑地看了她一眼后, 便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了. 这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店, 决定第二天教训一下那个售货员. 第二天上午, 她又来到这家商店, 穿了一件裘皮大衣, 一只手拎着一只手提包, 另一只手拿着一把长柄伞. 找到那个无礼的售货员后, 她还要看昨天的那件衣服. 那个售货员没有认出她是谁, 这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤. 费了好大劲几, 他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服. 这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼, 就说不喜欢. 她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来, 最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件.

 

【课文讲解】

what she wanted. 她想要的东西

do window shopping(表示在橱窗外面购物)

for a moment :不一定要与现在完成时连用, 也可以是一般现在时, 只要这个动词是延续性动词就可以

ask to do sth : 请求做某事

dress sb 给某人穿衣服 : Mother is dressing her baby.

I dress myself.:自己给自己穿衣服

反身代词是不能做主语的,故: I am dressed.

be dressed in : She is dressed in jeans.

the way 可以直接加定语从句, 不需要引导词

I don’t like the way she eats. 我不喜欢她吃饭的样子

The way she eats annoyed me. 她吃饭的样子让我烦

I cooked in the way you taught me.

with sth in hand 手上拿着

He went to the theatre with a book in one hand. 他手上拿着一本书去了电影院

She went to her monther’s carring her baby with a chicken in one hand and a duck in the other. (go to one’s monther’s 回娘家)

Seek out 找出, 找到

Not realizing...

非谓语动词形式的否定词not一定要直接加在该结构的前面

tell sb. not to do: 告诉某人不要做某事

 

【语法精粹】P26 Exercise 2

2.______ an answer from the committee, he was worried.

a. Having not got  b. Getting not  c. Not having got  d. Having not been got

毫无疑问不管句子是什么意思, 答案肯定为 : c

 

with great difficulty/trouble

its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. (lesson 56)

he had a lot of trouble climbing into the shop window to get the dress

enjoy oneself

enjoy sth

enjoy doing

make sb do sth :使某人做某事

She bought the dress she had first seen.

文中此句用了五个动词 : She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

 

【Key structures】　关键句型

At, In, Off and With (Compare KS9, KS33) ( 对比第 9,  33课关键句型)

a  Study these sentences carefully. Pay close attention to the words in italics.

仔细阅读以下句子, 特别注意用斜体印出的词.

Phrases with at.带 at的短语

He lives at 27  West Street. 他住在西大街 27号.

A large crowd was waiting at the bus stop. 一大群人在公共汽车站等候.

I'll see you at the station.我将到车站送你.

On the way home, we stopped at a small village called Puddleton. 在回家的路上, 我们在一个叫普都顿的小村逗留.

Someone is at the door. 有人敲门.

Phrases with in.带有in的短语

There were a lot of people in the street. 街上有许多人.

I would like to live in a warm country. 我喜欢住在一个气候温暖的国家.

He lives in Berlin. 他住在柏林.

Let's go for a walk in the park.让我们到公园去散散步.

Where's Tom? He's in his room. 汤姆在哪里?他在自己的房间里.

Phrases with off. 带有 off的短语

The lid came off easily. 这个盖子很容易掉.

Take your coat off. 把你的外套脱下来.

The pencil rolled off the table.铅笔滚到桌子下面去了.

b  Now study these phrases with in and with:

仔细阅读以下含有in和with的短语 :

Can you see that woman in the blue coat? 你能看见那个穿蓝外套的女士吗?

He was dressed in a black suit. 他穿着一套黑衣服.

That man with long hair is supposed to be a poet. 那个留着长发的男人应该是个诗人.

The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face. 警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的男人.

The woman with the brown handbag and long umbrella is a famous novelist. 那个手上拿着棕色手提包和长柄伞的女士是一位著名的小说家.

 

at 表地点

off : 1、away from 2、down from

in 后面加衣服, 或颜色 : ’woman in whithe’ 小说《白衣女人》

with 表示具有, 带有, 拿有

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

Make and Let

Study these examples: 细读以下例句 :

She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window.(11.11-12)

I can't make him change his mind. 我无法使他改变主意.

The teacher made the boy write the exercise again. 教师叫那男孩把练习重做一遍.

Don't let him persuade you. 不要让他把你说服了.

Let me try. 让我试一拭.

Don't let the children touch anything in this room please. 请别让孩子们动这个房间里的任何东西.

 

let/make sb do sth: 不定式作宾补, 省略 “to” 的不定式

be made to do : 当 “make” 用被动语态时, “to” 不能省略

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4  The assistant______ her did not like the way she was dressed.

a. served  b. serving  c. who serving  d. was serving

找这句话有没有谓语动词, 从句一定要有主语和谓语动词

answer : b

 

5  After ______out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress.

a. she was seeking  b. she had sought  c. sought  d. when she sought

after, before 后面一定要加两种概念 : 1、句子 2、+ing

after后面不能接进行时态

answer : b

 

6  ______who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.

a. Not to realize  b. Without to realize  c. Except realizing  d. Without realizing

不定式的概念表示的是一种目的

answer : d

 

9  She returned the following day. She returned the day ______.

a. other  b.next  c. after  d. else

else放在不定代词或疑问代词后面, who else / anyone else

other, next都作形容词用, 单个形容词修饰一个名词

一定要放在被修饰词之前, the next day / the other books

after 可以放在结尾, 副词表达式 : =later

three days later / three days after

before: I've never seen it before.

After 与 before 相对应, 可以放在句末作副词用

 

【Summary writing】摘要写作

 Answer these questions in not more than 80  words.

回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过80个单词.

1  Did the woman in jeans hesitate for a moment or not? Did she enter an expensive shop or not? What did she ask to see? (Though ... and)

2  What did an assistant tell her? When did the woman return? Was she dressed in a fur coat or not? (On being told by)

3  What was the assistant eager to do this time?

4  What did she make him bring her? What did the woman finally buy? (After making)

1、第一步写单句, though后面要加一个从句, 第一个句子和第二个都做主句并列, 则though 后面还有第三个从句, though后面有从句是第一个和第二个并列, 但还有个主句

Though the woman in jeans hesitated for a moment,she entered an expensive shop and asked for/to see the dress in the shop window.

2、by +主动语态中的主语

On being told by an assistant that the dress was sold,

① the woman returned the following morning dressed in a fur coat.

② when the woman returned ,she was dressed in a fur coat. / the woman returned , when she was dressed in a fur coat. 前后两句的强调点不同, 本句中应强调 “return” , 故后面一句更好, 这属于tiny mistake(微小的错误), 当然第一句最好, 另外应注意句子的平衡, 也应将 “when” 放后面

4、make sb do

After making the assistant bring......,the women finally bought the dress she had......

The woman finally bought what she had first asked for. 也对!

 

Letter writing 书信写作

 Learn the following opening phrases by heart: 熟记以下两个开头语 :

What a surprise it was to ...

Forgive me for not writing earlier, but ...

熟记并模仿

1、What a surprise it was to send me flowers.

To do sth. 的结构当中, 可以在前面表达动作由谁做, 加一个 “for sb”

It is important for me to do sth. “for” 一定要加在 “to” 的前面

What a surprise it was for you to send me flowers.

2、Forgive me for not writing earlier, but ... 我很抱歉我这么久没给你写信

I apologize. / I do apologize. 我真的很抱歉!(do 其强调作用)

You apology is accepted.

apology [E5pClEdVi] n.(为某种思想, 宗教, 哲学等)辩解, 道歉

‘walk in the cloud’ 电影《云中漫步》英文版, 学习口语

 

【语法精粹】P26 Exercise

1、The ______ news made them _____.

a. excited/exciting  b.exciting/excited  c.exciting/to be excited  d.excited /excited

make sb do / make sth +形容词 : make the room warm.

Answer: b

6、After a whole day’s heavy work,the old worker returned home,_______

a. hungry and exhausted         b. hungry and exhausting

c. hungry and being exhausted   d. huangry and exhaust

After a whole day’s heavy work,

After so many years of sunshine, (lesson 38)

Ing: 令人   ed: 感到  

exhaust [i^5zC:st] vt.用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽 vi.排气 n.排气, 排气装置 adj.用不完的, 不会枯竭的

形容词短语作状语

3、_______, all the quarrels came to an end.

a. The lost money was found          b. Was the lost money found

c. Because the lost money found      d. With the lost money found

quarrel [5kwCrEl] n.吵架, 反目, 怨言, 争吵的原因 vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔

a.出现了两个主语和谓语动词 b.也不对, 原因相同 c.Because + 从句, 缺 was d.对, with后面不能加句子

非谓语动词 : 表达被动含义, 而不作谓语

 

4、Many of our dreams ______ impossible in the past have come true.

a. were considered  b. to be considered  c. considering  d.considered

have come true, 梦想成真

非谓语动词

不定式 : 表示目的, 还可以表示将要发生的事(在时间上)

-ing : 动作处于现阶段, 表达主动

-ed : 已经做过了, 表达被动.

将来的 : to do ; 现阶段 : ing ; 过去的 : ed

先说动词再说名词的就是被动

b,d 的不同在于 “in the past” 时态上的差别

 

 

 

§ Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗?

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★blessing n 福气, 福分

bless 保佑 : God bless you 上帝保佑你

Bless you / bless my country 保佑我的国家

 

★disguise [dis5^aiz] n 伪装

in disguise穿着伪装的

a blessing in disguise因祸得福

a curse in disguise  (curse [kE:s] n.诅咒, 咒语, 祸根, 祸因 vt.诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸, 使受罪)

spy [spai] n.特工人员, 间谍, 侦探, 探员, 秘密侦察他人行动者 v.侦察, 侦察, 发现

a wolf in disguise披着羊皮的狼, 被伪装的狼

wolf [wulf] n.狼, 残忍贪婪之人, 极度的穷困 vt.狼吞虎咽, 大吃 vi.猎狼

 

★tiny adj 极小的

tiny = very very small

 

★possess v 拥有

possession [pE5zeFEn] n.拥有, 占有, 所有, 着迷, 领土, 领地, 财产(常用复数), 自制

in one's possession / sb possess sth

 

★cursed adj 可恨的

cursed [5kE:sid] adj.被诅咒的, 邪恶的

如果有ed构成形容词, 做为形容词读音要读/id/

 

★increase vi (不及物) 增加

add vi 及物 / grow不及物动词

 

★plant v 种植

plant : 强调把东西给种下去  /   grow生长

grow sth 种庄稼(不但种, 还要让它生长)  /  plant tree 种树(只是种, 活不活不管)

Tree Planting day : 植树节

 

★chruch n 教堂

① + the : 地点 : go to the church : 去教堂玩

② 不+the和功能有关: go to church : 去教堂做礼拜

I am at church做礼拜  /  I am at the church : 在教堂玩

 

★evil adj 坏的

evil = wicked 邪恶的

 

★reputation n 名声

good reputation  /  bad reputation

fame一定是好名声 

fame [feim] n.名声, 名望, 传说, <古>传闻 vt.(常用被动语态)使闻名, 使有名望, 盛传

famous [5feimEs] adj.著名的, 出名的, <口>极好的, 令人满意的

 

★claim v 以...为其后果

claim = take 拿, 索取

 

★victim n 受害者, 牺牲品

 

★vicar n 教区牧师

 

★source [sC:s] n 来源

resource : re-又 : 资源(一次又一次的来源)

reread [5ri:5ri:d] vt.重读, 再读

注意source 读音与 sauce 相同

sauce [sC:s] n.沙司, 酱油, 调味料 vt.调味, 使增加趣味

 

★income n 收入

income, salary, wages, rent([rent] v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金), interest([5intrist] n.兴趣, 关心, 重要性, 影响, 利息,利益, 利害 vt.使发生兴趣, 引起...的注意)等都与收入有关

bonus [5bEunEs] n.奖金, 红利

DINK-丁克家族 : D－double; I－income; N－no; K－kids

Kid [kid] n.哄骗, 取笑, 开玩笑, 小孩, 小山羊 v.哄骗, 取笑, 开玩笑, 欺骗

 

★trunk n 树干

trunk [trQNk] n.干线, 树干, 躯干, 箱子, 主干, 象鼻 vt.把...放入旅行箱内 adj.树干的, 躯干的, 干线的, 箱形的

 

【Text】

Lesson 58  A blessing in disguise?  是因祸得福吗?

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Why does the vicar refuse to cut down the tree?

 

The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a ‘cursed tree’. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death !

 

参考译文

    据说弗林利这个小村里有一棵 “该诅咒的树” . 就因为报上提到过这棵树, 所以现在来弗林利参观的人越来越多. 该树是50年前栽在教堂附近的, 但只是近几年才得到了一个坏名声. 据说, 谁要是触摸了这棵树, 谁就会交上恶运; 如果谁摘了一片树叶, 谁就会死去. 很多村民相信此树已经害了不少人. 人们曾请求教区的牧师叫人把树砍掉, 但他直到现在也没有同意. 他指出, 由于人们从全国各地纷纷前来参观这棵树, 它成了一个有用的财源. 尽管有上述种种说法, 但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树干上. 然而到目前为止, 还没有一个人暴死呢!

 

【课文讲解】

被动语态－> 据说: it is said that...

called  /  sth called ... 和地点相连的词的名字 : of, 跟城市, 村庄的名字连

the city of Beijing : 名叫北京的城市

the village is said to+动词+...

be said to

it is said that village possesses a ‘cursed tree.

he is said to be very good据说他人非常好 ＝It is said that he is very good.

mention: 提到, 提及

my father ofter mentions you

in a newspaper : 强调报纸里面的内容

on the newspaper : 与报纸内容无关, 如你自己在报纸上记了什么东西时用 “on”

the number of  /  a number of : 后面都加可数名词的复数

a number of＝lots of做复数看待(从前往后翻, 强调后面的东西), a number of students 许多学生

the number of : ...的数量, 做单数看(从后往前翻, 强调数量), the number of students 学生的数量

主谓数字一致

gain＝get 得到

it is ...that : 万能强调结构 it is I that am looking for you. 强调 “I”

it is you that I'm looking for. 强调 “you”

分号可以断开两个句子

anyone : 任何人, 与 he 相对应

if anyone wanted to go there,  he will do sth

be asked to do 请求某人做某事, sb做事

have the tree cut down

have sth done 让某事被别人做

I will go to have my bicycle repaired. 与I will go to repair my bicycle.是有区别的

I will have my hair cut.

point out : explain 解释

have been doing : 现在完成进行时态

in spite of this

in spite of all that...= in spite of what

in spite of 介词后面不能接从句, 只能加what引导的从句

not one of＝none of: 单数

strick / struck / stricken

be struck down被打倒

poverty-struck穷困潦倒

poverty [5pCvEti] n.贫穷, 贫困, 贫乏, 缺少

 

总结 :

① be said to do / It is said that 据说

② It is......that...万能强调结构

have sth. done

Could you introduce yourdself? 你能自我介绍一下吗?

Could you make yourself known? 你能让别人知道你吗?(你的自我介绍)

make sht. done : 让某事被做

Could you make youself heard ? 你能让别人听到你吗?(你能大声点吗?)

make : ① make +宾语+宾补 ② make +sb+do 让某人做某事 ③ make +sth.+done 让别人做某事

④ in spite of

⑤ not one of = none of ≠ no one of  (no one 不能加 of)

 

【Special difficulties】 难点

Exercise 练习

 Choose the correct words in these sentences:选择正确的词 :

1  This fruit is fresh. I have just (cut) (picked) it.

2  If you travel by air, you will (earn) (gain) time.

3  He (earns) (gains) ￡300  a week.

4  Judy has (increased) (grown) so much I can hardly recognize her.

 

1、picked   cut切割 / pick摘

2、gain/earn the reputation 都可以,但强调点不同

gain : 获得＝get sth / earn得到结果(通过努力)

earn money 挣钱 / earn one's living : 谋生

3、earns

4、grown

grow＝increase(表示数量增长), the number is increasing/growing

grow增长和生长

increase增长

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4  If anyone picked the leaves, he _______die.

a. would  b. will  c.shall  d. would have

answer: a

虚拟语气: 如果if 后面直接出现正常条件的话,就会出现一般现在时,一旦出现一般过去时,就是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气.

 

6  ______all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves.

a. In spite b. Despite  c. Even  d. Even so

answer: b

in spite of + 名词/what引导的从句: 不能少of

despite (prep) = in spite of : 尽管

despite [dis5pait] prep.不管, 尽管, 不论

even adv : 不能说 “even all”

even though : 尽管(后面加句子),没有even so 的表达式

 

7  So far ______of them has been struck down by sudden death.

a. no one  b. nobody  c. not any  d.none

answer: d

参考lesson 28 第7题

‘no one’, ‘nobody’ 不能与’of’ 连用

‘any of’ 有,但没有’not any of ’ 的结构

 

9  The number of visitors has increased. The number has ______.

a. grown  b. grown up  c.overgrown  d. grown old

answer: a

grown up : 成长(人)

overgrow : 过度成长

grown old : 变老了,不译为 “长老了”

grow 一般作为实义动词,后面加介词或副词,一旦后面加了形容词,不再表示 “生长” 的意思,将表示 “变得” =get

 

10  It has______ an evil reputation.

a. won  b.beaten c. profited  d. earned

win赢得(通过比赛或竞争) / beat打败(后加对手) / profit利润&得到利润

profit [5prCfit] n.利润, 益处, 得益 vi.得益, 利用 vt.有益于, 有利于

gain / get 获得

 

 

 

§ Lesson 59 In or out? 进来还是出去?

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★bark v 狗叫

the dog is barking

somebody is barking某人在咆哮

 

★press v 按, 压

pressure [`preFE(r)] n.压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫

 

★paw n 脚爪

cat's paw被人所利用的人(由寓言而来)

I don't want to be a cat's paw我才不想被人利用

 

★latch n 门闩

bar门闩,但与latch是有区别的

 

★expert n 专家

expert at/in在某一方面是专家

expert at/in doing sth : expert at/in opening the door.

 

★develop v 养成

develop the film冲洗胶卷

develop : 发展

developing skills: 发展技巧 / fluency in English : 流利英语

fluency [5fluEnsi] n.流利, 流畅, 雄辩

developing country : 发展中国家 / developed country发达国家

ed 强调已经,ing 强调正在,有时态的区别

boiling water滚开水 / boiled water开水

 

★habit n 习惯(指个人习惯)

custom : 风俗, 习俗 / customs海关 / customer顾客

 

★remove v 拆掉, 取下

remove sth from从...挪走

 

【Text】

Lesson 59  In or out?  进来还是出去?

 First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Why did Rex run away?

 

Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to 5  let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate 10  shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.

 

参考译文

我家的狗雷克斯, 过去常坐在大门外面叫. 每当它想到花园里来时, 便汪汪叫个不停, 直到有人把门打开. 由于邻居们对狗叫很有意见, 所以我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练它用脚爪按住门闩把自己放进来. 雷克斯很快成了开门的专家. 然而上星期我正要出去买东西时, 发现它正呆在花园里边靠门的地方. 这次它叫着让人把它放出去!从那以后, 它养成了另外一种坏习惯. 它从外面把门一打开, 就走进花园, 等着门自动关上. 这之后他就坐下汪汪叫起来, 直到有人来把它放出去. 出去之后, 它又马上把自己放进来, 接着再开始叫. 昨天, 我丈夫把大门卸了下来, 雷克斯很生气, 此后我们便再也没有见到它.

 

【课文讲解】

let sb do

let sb in让某人进来 / let sb out让某人出去 / let sb down让某人失望

let’s 省略式,口语

front gate 前门

would＝used to 过去常常

every time＝when 当什么时候,后面可以是点,可以是段

the monment＝as soon as

when 当什么时候,后面可以是点,可以是段

the monment一...就...(强调的是瞬间)

every time : 每次, 每当

every time I turn to lesson 59, i will remember my teacher

The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door.

complaim of抱怨

spend time doing花费某段时间去做某事

it takes sb事情做主语

sb spend time人做主语

train sb to do 训练某人做某事

press his paw 可省略为press the latch

press the button / press the figure on the button

button [5bQtn] n.钮扣, [计]按钮 v.扣住, 扣紧

going out shopping 加了out 强调外出

so that : 以便于, 为了(表达目的)

after this

got : 是谓语动词 / have seen 也是谓语动词

so annoyed (that)

so...that...如此...以至于, 结果状语从句, 可以省略一个词,so 或 that 都可以

so that:目的状语从句必须具备一个特征, 在动词前面一定要出现情态动词

since(加在尾巴上) = since then : 从那时起到现在为止

 

【Special difficulties】难点

表达目的几种方式:to / in order to / in order that / so as to+原形/so that+目的状语从句

to+动词原形, that+从句

目的状语从句必须具备一个特征, 在动词前面一定要出现情态动词

目的状语从句当中不存在want, 只有to do

非谓语动词的否定形式在结构前面

如果发现do的动作不是由主语做的, 而是由其他人做的, 在to的前面加for sb

不定式的逻辑主语for sb to do sth

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6  He was barking ______let him in.

a. for someone to  b. in case someone  c. so someone to  d. so that someone

answer : a

so that引导目的状语从句

in case 以防万一, 如果: +句子,(状语从句,不会出现将来式)

EG.:Bring your umbrella in case it rains

so表示结果 : 引导句子,so 一旦出现会加句子,而to 是不定式是非谓语

to do 不定式做目的状语

for sb to do sth = so that sb do sth

 

7  As soon as he______ the gate from the outside he comes into the garden.

a. will open  b.opens  c. is opening  d. has been opening

as soon as引导状语从句

状语从句中使用一般现在时取代一般将来时

be opening强调动作正在发生

has been doing现在完成进行时强调从过去延续到现在,并且不将延续

 

 

 

§ Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★Hubble n 哈勃

★telescope n 望远镜

★launch v 发射

★space n 空间(指宇宙空间)

room 空间, 不可数 (a room 为房间,可数)

could you make room for me?你能为我腾一点空间吗?

 

★billion n 10亿

★faulty adj 有错误的

★astronaut n 宇航员

★shuttle n 航天飞机

★Endeavour n “奋进” 号

★robot－arm n 机器手

robot [5rEubCt, 5rCbEt] n.机器人, 遥控设备, 自动机械, 机械般工作的人

 

★grab v 抓

★atmosphere n 大气层

atmosphere [5AtmEsfiE] n.大气, 空气, 气氛, 氛围

I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental school for its good atmosphere

 

★distant adj 遥远的

★galaxy n 星系

★universe n 宇宙

★eagle eye n 鹰眼,一种仪器

 

【Text】

Lesson 61  Trouble with the Hubble  哈勃望远镜的困境

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

What is the special importance of a telescope in space?

 

The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20, 1990  at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest  pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Rubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.

 

参考译文

哈勃望远镜于1990年4月20日由国家航空航天局发射升空, 耗资10多亿美元. 从最开始哈勃望远镜就有问题. 它传送给我们的图像很令人失望, 因为它的主要镜子有误差. 国家航天局准备纠正这一错误, 为此将把4名宇航员送入太空修复望远镜. “奋进” 号航天飞机将把宇航员送上哈勃. 当宇航员进行必要的修复工作时, “奋进” 号上的一只机器手将抓住望远镜并托住它. 当然, 哈勃位于地球的大气层之外, 因此, 它很快就会给我们传送我们所见到过的、有关行星和远距离星系的最清晰的照片. 哈勃将告诉我们有关宇宙的年龄和大小的许多事情. 等到你读到这篇文章时, 敏锐的哈勃望远镜已经为我们送来了成千上万张精彩的照片.

 

【课文讲解】

Trouble with the Hubble科普性文章

科普性文章结构简单, 句式单一, 单词较难

学会逻辑阅读

at a cost of 花费

Hubble telescope看作一个整体, 在句中做主语

was launched 动词谓语

单词縮写一般都是组织或者机构

NASA [5nAsE] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局

there was trouble with the Hubble

trouble with 关于......有麻烦

what's the trouble with you? 你有什么麻烦? (医生常这样问)

start开始

定语从句省略引导语

主句 : the pictures...were...

-ing令人......的

sorry, it's my fault

faulty adj 有错误的

be going to将要

put sth right把某物放正确

it 指代 NASA

send up往上送

The shuttle Endeavour 主语,可能是交通工具

roblt-arm : 机器人手臂 arm手臂

hold it抓住它

repairs修理

avove在......上面(悬空的)

astronaut n 飞行员, 宇航员

atmosphere

distant galaxies

stars星星

a great deal大量 / a great deal of 大量的

by the time到那时

everytime每当

by the time you read this 到你读这篇文章的时候

will have done将来完成式

thousands and thousands of成千上万的

Hubble telescope 被人类送上天空的一种仪器

Space 宇宙

launch送进

disappointing令人失望

astronaut [5AstrEnC:t] n.太空人, 宇航员

robot-arm 机器人手臂

 

阅读

1、客服害怕的心理

2、学会理解单词的含义

3、科普性文章的理解题在原文中寻找答案

 

【Multiple choice questions】 多项选择题

Comprehension 理解—要从原文中找答案

1  The Hubble failed to send us satisfactory pictures because _______.

a. the cost of sending satisfactory pictures was terrible

b. there was a problem with its main mirror

c. it was a long time since it was launched into space

d. it was high above the earth's atmosphere

answer: b 原文

 

2  The Hubble telescope ______.

a. will tell us a great deal about the universe

b. cost a lot but was almost worthless

c. will measure the size of the earth

d. requires constant care from the astronauts

answer : a

constant [5kCnstEnt] n.[数、物]常数, 恒量 adj.不变的, 持续的, 坚决的

 

5  A robot-arm will hold the telescope ________the astronauts to repair it.

a. for  b.so that  c. so long as  d.which

answer : a 原文

for sb to do sth基本结构

so that+句子

so long as+句子 : 表示只要

which + 句子

 

11  The main mirror of the Hubble _______.

a. had problems             b. was distant

c. was the clearest         d. requires repairs

had problems 有问题

reauires repairs需要修理

there was a problem with its main mirror.

what's the trouble with you?

problem with sth (习惯用法) 如: There was a problem with its main mirror.

1、problem＝question

2、problem＝trouble

 

12  The Hubble is _______the earth's atmosphere.

a. below  b. over  c. within  d. outside

answer: d

above 在...之上(凌空)

above the earth’s atmosphere 在大气层的上方

 

【Key structures】　关键句型

1、将来完成时 will have done

2、将来进行时will be doing

3、将来完成进行时will have been doing

4、现在完成进行时have been doing

将来完成进行时: 从某一点发生, 一直延续到将来的某一点, 并且将可能延续下去

it has been raining...

we will have been learning book 2...

区别:1 一般将来时: 事情在将来发生

2 将来进行时: 等同于一般将来时

3 将来完成时: 强调到将来某一点时间动作的结束

4 将来完成进行时: 强调到将来某一点时间动作可能结束或延续

过去完成进行时had been doing

过去完成进行时 : 到过去某一点时间为止动作一直在延续

his father had dead...

his father had been waiting for his son until he came back.

soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope. 宇航员很快会把望远镜修好.

will have done到将来某一点时间, 动作完成

by Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days. 到星期五中午, 他们就在这个工程上干了7天了.

work on sth关于......的工作

到将来某一点时间, 动作延续

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点

Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Study these examples:细读以下例子 :

a  Nouns: Cost, Price, Value

The Hubble was launched at a cost of over a billion dollars. 哈勃望远镜发射升空, 耗资10多亿美元.

How much is that blouse? Let's ask the price. 这件衬衣多少钱?让我们来问一下价钱.

The stolen items were of sentimental, rather than financial value. 被盗物品更具有情感上的涵义,  而不是经济上的价值.

b  Verbs: Cost, Price, Value.

What does this blouse cost, please? 请问, 这件衬衣多少钱?

I want to price the bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any.我想在买床单之前打听几家商店的价格.

I value you advice a great deal. 我非常尊重你的建议.

 

cost / price / value : nouns名词 & verbs 动词

nouns : price价格; cost 费用; value价值

at the cost of 以......的费用

 

verbs : price sth打听......的价格, 并比较

cost花费sth cost money

value sth认为......有价值

value your time珍惜时间

I value your advice我尊重你的意见

value sth owned by oneself敝帚自珍

 

Exercise练习

 Choose the correct words in the following sentences.选择正确的词.

1  There has been a sharp rise in the(price)(cost)(value) of living.

2  Whenever I buy anything new, my father always asks me the(value)(cost)(price).

3  If you have to work for something you will(value)(price)(cost) it more.

4  That house(valued)(cost)(priced) a fortune to build.

5  Dr. James's work is of enormous(value)(cost)(price) to the community.

6  Jane has(valued)(cost)(priced) the alternative products and she recommends this one.

7  So far, ten countries have given money towards the(value)(price)(cost) of rebuilding after the earthquake.

1 sharp rise: 大幅上升的

living 生活

the cost of living 生活的费用

2 price 价格

3 value : 表示认为有价值

4 fortune : 一大笔财产

cost 花费

5 enormous adj: 巨大的

community : 社区,社会

value : 价值

of great (enormous)value有巨大的价值

6 alternative 另外的

recommend : 推荐

price sth. 比较价格

7 towards = to

the cost of rebuilding 重建费用

 

过去完成进行时: had been doing

 

 

 

§ Lesson 62 Affer the fire 大火之后

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★control n 控制

control sth.  (v) : 控制

I can control it.

I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)

介词短语 :

in control : 在控制之内

under control : 在控制之下,被控制

out of control : 失控

arrest : 逮捕

under arrest : (n) 被逮捕

 

★smoke n 烟

smoke : 吸烟

Don't smoke! / No smoking!

cigarette,cigar:(n)香烟

smoke : (n) 烟雾

full of smoke : 充满烟雾

名词加-y, 变为形容词: rain – rainy / cloud - cloudy

smokey : (a.)多烟的

smoking area; smoking room 吸烟室 / smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢

smokey area : 吸烟区 / nonsmokey area : 禁烟区

heavy smoker : 烟瘾重的人 / nonsmoker : 不抽烟的人 / He smoked heavily.

★desolate adj 荒凉的

lonely [5lEunli] adj : 孤独的, 荒凉的, 偏僻的 (与地方连表示孤零零的,但并不表示无人居住)

desolate : 荒凉的, 极度孤独的(与人相连时)

desolate+地方－－无人居住, 荒无人烟的

 

★threaten v 威胁的

threaten to do : 威胁着要做...

threaten sb with sth : 以什么来威胁某人

It threatened to rain有迹象表明天要下雨了

 

★surrounding adj周围的

surroundings [sE5raJndINz] n : 环境(在周边的事物)

atmosphere [5AtmEsfIE(r)] n : 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环境)

 

★destruction n 破坏, 毁灭

destroy(v) : 破坏

destructive (adj) : 毁灭性的

construction (n) : 建设, 建筑 / construction bank 建设银行

build : 建设(具体的建某物)

construct (v) : 建设(为...创造更好的条件)

constructive (adj) : 建设性的(意见)

 

★flood n 洪水, 水灾

flood / floods 都对,都可以用,无区别

 

★authority [C:5WCriti] n (常用复数)当局

authorities : 当局(应为复数) / authority : 权威(单数)

 

★grass-seed n 草籽

★spray v 喷撒

spray sth over/on往什么上喷洒

spray water over/on flower

spray grass-seed over/on the ground

 

★quantity n 量

quality : 质量

quantity : 数量

sth with good quality : 具有好质量的东西

quantities of : 大量的

 

★root n 根

root of...的根

what is the root cause? 根本原因

take root : 生根

come out : 长出来 /  flower come out : 开花

shoot : 芽

shoot [Fu:t] n.射击, 发射, 摄影, 急流 vt.射击, 投射, 伸出, 拍摄, 用完, 挥出, 给...注射, 使爆炸 vi.射出, 射击, 发出, 发芽, 射门, 拍电影

get out : 出去

 

★century n 世纪

★patch n 小片

a patch of : 一小片 / a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of

patches of : 许多片

piece : 片, 块

patch(平面上的)一片, 补丁(本意)

 

★blacken v 变黑, 发暗

-en --表示动词, 使...变得...

weak虚弱的

weaken使...变弱, 削弱

 

复合词 : fireman

派生词 : (前缀, 后缀)

-tion --名词后缀

- less --形容词后缀 : careless 粗心的

 

【课文讲解】

firemen had been fighting the forest fire.

fight sth : 和...作搏斗

get+宾语+介词短语－－作宾补: get the room in order. (get : 使)

for miles around方圆几英里

a short time before--从过去某一点时间算起, 一段时间以前

a short time ago--从现在算起, 一段时间以前

a short time before和a short time ago都可以放在段时间之后

rose up(from) : 升上来

over the desolate hills:(烟、雾)弥漫

winter was coming on: 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式)

threaten sb. with sth. : 有...迹象

serious: 严重的

put out 扑灭

order 定购

several tons of a special type of grass－seed.

Type : 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类,与kind有区别

in huge quantities--介词短语作状语, “大量的"

was sprayed over the ground : 被动语态

take root: 生根

in place of : 替代 (只能指代位置、空间,原来放的东西现在不在了)

instead of : 替代+没做的事

instead of staying home, I went to school. 此句就不能用 “in place of”, 而指地点空间时, 既可以用 “in place of” 也可以用 “instead of” .

In place of a cup , I put a vase there.

green n : 绿地,草地

 

【Key structures】关键句型

过去完成时: 这个动作在过去的过去

过去完成进行时: 这个动作非但从过去的过去开始,而且是延续的

 

【Special Difficulties】 难点 :

control : 控制

check : 检查, 核对

great : 大的(强调重要性)

big大的(强调面积, 体积上的)

soil : 泥土(能让植物生长的)

ground: 地表,地面(与土壤无关)

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6  The planes _______nearly a month to plant the seed.

a. did  b. made  c.took  d. had

花费 : 如果人作主语用spend

用时间表达用take

 

9  Large ________of seed were used.

a. weights  b. measures  c. tons  d. amounts

weights / weight 重量

measures 测量

tons吨 : several tons

amounts : large amounts 大量的, 修饰不可数名词

 

11  Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass ________.

a. every where  b. only in one or two places

c. in one place  d. here and there

patches许多快

everywhere每一寸土地上都长着东西

here and there 这一块, 那一块, 很多快, 不一定是每一寸

 

【Summary writing】摘要写作

Answer these questions in not more than75  words.回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过75个单词.

1  How long did it take the firemen to get the forest fire under control?

2  Had all the great trees been burnt or not? Was there danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods or not? Would the floods destroy the surrounding villages or not?(Now that... which)

3  Did the forest authorities order grass-seed to prevent this or not ? For how long was it sprayed over the ground by planes?(To prevent this...which...)

4  Did it begin to rain or not? Where had the grass taken root? (By the time that...)

 

2 now that既然 / which : 定语从句

Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.

3 to prevent...: 为了预防...

To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.

4 by the time(that)到...时候为止 (that可以省略),应理解为 “before”

by the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil.

 

 

 

§ Lesson 63  She was not amused  她并不觉得好笑

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★circle n 圈子

★admire v 赞美, 钦佩

admire sb for sth : 因为...羡慕某人

I admire him for his richness/house/clever daughter/konwledge.

 

★close adj 亲蜜的

close friend

‘my best friend's’ –《我最好朋友的婚礼》,罗伯茨主演的一部影片

 

★wedding n 婚礼

reception ＝ party

wedding reception婚宴

news conference新闻发布会, 记者招待会

★reception n 招待会

 

★sort n 种类

type 种类, 有特殊特征的

一般情况都用kind, sort

习惯用sort的时候:1、那种人that sort of person

2、sort可含有讽刺意味

that's the sort of thing you like best

 

【课文讲解】

1、have a large circle of friends有一个很大的朋友圈子, 交际很广

＝sb has/have a lot of friends

he has a large circle of friends他有很多朋友

2、that is一旦插在句子当中, 是作为固定结构, 意思是那就是说,其解释作用

3、prepare sth后面跟内容有关系

prepare for sth后面不一定跟内容有关系

speech发言: I am preparing a speech.

4、as从句 : 正如, 方式状语从句

a little 稍微, 有一点

be disappointed by因为某事感到失望

do as you are told按你被告知的做

5、why this was so

this 可以作主语, 也可以作宾语

so 只能作宾语, 只能放在动词后面

I think so / I hope so / I guess so

do so / I refuse to do so. 我拒绝这样做

I expect so

like to do 某一次

like doing习惯

see sb doing看见某人正在作某事

so many people : 跟数字相连的前面一定要用so

This is the sort of thing.

the sort of, the kind of的后面加单数

He had included...

included 包含, 把里面内容的一部分挑出来说

contain强调容器里的包含, 后面一定要把所有的东西都列举出来

It was a great success. 表示这事做的不错,不同凡响,很成功都可以用

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4  _______ Jenny, everyone admires him for his great sense of humour.

a. Except for  b. Apart c. Except  d. Unless

unless : 除非

except for ＝ apart from

apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. (lesson 14)

 

7  Jeremy was a little disappointed. He was ________disappointed.

a. little  b. somehow c. enough  d. somewhat

a little少量, 少许, 有一点点

little几乎没有

与形容词或副词连用时, 用a little

与名词连用时, 用a little, little都可

何时用a little, 何时用little, 是由说话人的态度区分

I have little time / I have a little time

somehow I fell in the hole. / somehow adv : 不知怎么的

somewhat ＝a little / somewhat adv : 有一些, 有一点

 

8  Everyone admires him. They _______him.

a. think highly of  b. laugh at  c. estimate  d. esteem

think of考虑

think highly of高度赞扬

 

【Summary writing】摘要写作

 Answer these questions in not more than 80  words. 回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过80个单词.

1  Is Jeremy Hampden greatly admired for his great sense of humour or not? What was he invited to do? Did he immediately agree to do so or not? (When Jeremy... who is...)

2  Did the speech contain a lot of funny stories or not? Was it a great success or not? (Since)

3  What did his six－year－old daughter, Jenny, want to do after his speech? Was Jeremy disappointed or not? (When)

4  Why had she not enjoyed it? (because)

1  Jeremy Hampden is greatly admired for his great sense of humour.

   He was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception.

   He immediately a great to do so.

① When Jeremy Hampden was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour , he immediately agreed to do so.

② When Jeremy Hampden, who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour , was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception, he immediately agreed to do so.

在不使句子产生歧义的前提下,定语从句可放在其所修饰的整个句子的后面, 如以下两句:

The brother, who was standing near the house, wanted to go swimming.

The brother wanted to go swimming who was standing near the house .

但下面的就容易产生歧义:

The brother, who was standing near the house , wanted to talk with the girl.

The brother wanted to talk with the girl who was standing near the house. (有歧义)

 

【语法精粹】P13

单项自测题(综合训练)

1 Simple photographic lenses can’t ____sharp, undistorted images over a wide field.

A. to form  B. are formed  C. forming  D. form

Answer: D 情态动词后接动词原形构成谓语

 

2 Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one _____the most.

A. it influences farmers         B. that influences farmers

C. farmers that it influences    D. why farmers influence it

如果一句子出现了谓语动词,再出现动词则可能是:

① 并列关系 ② 从句 ③ 非谓语动词 ④ 介词短语

answer: B

 

3 By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which_____

A. is a storm moving  B. a storm is moving  C. is moving a storm  D. a moving storm

Which 后接的是定语从句,且是at which 在句中作成份

at which = at the speed

answer: B   如: This is the river in which I swim.

 

4 During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, _____out of emergency headquarters in Mississppi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.

A. operates B. is operating C. has operated D. operating

Answer: D

 

6 During an eclipse of the sun, _____in the shadow of the Moon.

A. the Earth lies  B. the Earth when lying  C. that the Earth lies  D. the lying Earth

Answer: A 少了主语和谓语动词

 

 

 

§ Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★tunnel n 隧道

channel 海峡 / The Channel : 英吉利海峡

 

★port n 港口

airport航空港

 

★ventilate v 通风

air: air the room, please给房间通通风

 

★chimney n 烟囱

★sea level 海平面

★double adj双的

DINK: double income, no kid.

字母W 的读音就是: “double u”  意为两个u 构成 w .

couple/pair两个

a couple of weeks

a pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜

 

★ventilation n 通风

Forced Ventilation强制排风系统

force [fC:s] n.力量, 武力, 精力, 魄力, 势力, 暴力, [复]军队, 影响力 vt.强制, 强加, (用武力)夺取, 促使, 推动, 施加压力

forced [fC:st] adj.被迫的, 强迫的, 动用武力的

 

★fear v 害怕

fright / frighten / frightening / frightened / frightful

be afraid of / fear是习惯性的/人做主语

frighten / scare是因某件突然的事情才让你产生了害怕的情绪/句子后边的部分是人

sb fear sth: I feared darkness. / I fear dogs.

be afraid of : I am afraid of dogs.

be afraid that : can you help me? I am afraid I can't(恐怕) / I am afraid not. 等同于 I am sorry.

sth frighten sb. / sth scare sb : you frightened/scared me.

The doy frightened me. / the film scared me.

horrify [5hCrifai] v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇

horrified [`hCrIfaId] adj.惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的

 

★invasion n 入侵, 侵略

invade [in5veid] vt.侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤

invade – invasion / decide – decision

 

★officially adv 正式地

official(官方的正式) / formally(一般的正式)

office – official

 

★connect v 连接

connect sth with/to

connect A with B (A和B平等) /  connect A to B (A连到B上去)

 

★European adj 欧洲的

★continent n 大陆

European Continent: 欧洲大陆

 

【课文讲解】

read the text : 1 in 1858 2 in 1860 3 forty-two years later 4 1994

描速一件事物的要素 :

who/do/what/how/why

In 1858, a French engineer arrived in England with a plan.

plan for

twenty-one-mile 加连字符, 用单数, 是定语

He said

It 代表: to build a platform in the centre of the channel. 作形式主语

serve as作为......来服务, 起......作用

it will serve as a swimming pool

above : 在海拔上高

put forward(plan/suggestion)提出

suggest有两个意思

① 作为 “暗示” 意思时, 用法与其他的词相同

② 作为 “建议” 意思时, 则为虚拟语气, 后接动词是要用-ing形式, 后接that从句采用一种固定的用法: should+动词原形, should 可省略

insist 用法作坚持用时同suggest

文中: He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built.

I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略)

又如: He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去.

     He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.

For : 因为

draw in吸进

如用bring没有 drow in 形象,贴切

at the time

the British : 英国人

虚拟语气(非真实条件句)

1、与现在事实相反

2、与过去事实相反

其从句的使用 :

1、与现在事实相反, 用一般过去时

2、与过去事实相反, 用过去完成时, 此时主句格式为would have done

would/could/should 都可以

must have done对过去的推测

can't have done对过去的推测

情态动词加have done 表示对过去的推测

wait for

wait for five minutes

I have waited five minutes. (for 可不要)

I have waited for you for five minutes.

I have waited five years for you.

Connect ...to...

非谓语动词中的ing形式

1、表示其与主语是主动的关系

2、表示动作正在发生

非谓语动词中的ed形式表示其与主语是被动的关系

 

【Key structures】　关键句型

1、虚拟语气 与过去事实相反

特殊结构 : suggest/insist, 后接that从句(should+动词原形)

Exercise  C  Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses: 用正确的动词填空 :

1  If you had told me about it earlier, I________(be able) to help you.

2  If you_______(can/come) with us, we would have been pleased.

3  You_________(not make) such a mistake if you had been more careful.

4  If father_______(be) alive, he would be horrified.

5  If it_______(be) fine tomorrow, we shall go for a swim.

 

1 would have been able

2 would have done 跟过去事实相反,从句会使用had done

could have done, 情态动词后面一旦加了have done 表示跟过去有关

3 would not have made

4 were : 虚拟语气与现在事实相反,从句使用一般过去时,与一般现在时相反的be 动词,用were代替

if I were you

5 is 真实条件句

 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3  It would be possible to build a platform. A platform _______.

(a)could build  (b)would be built  (c)could be built   (d) would build

possible

could : 可能 / would : 表示将来要做

answer : C

 

11  It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally _______.

(a)mixed  (b)joined together  (c)rejoined  (d)combined

mix : 混合

join : 连接(加入), 强调使成为其中一员

rejoin : 再次加入

combine : 合并

combine [kEm5bain] v.(使)联合, (使)结合 n.联合企业, 联合收割机 n.联合收割机

connect : 强调连接

answer : b

 

9  A plan was put forward by William Low. He _______it.

(a)suggested  (b)intended  (c)aimed at  (d)planned

put forword : 提出

intend to do

aim at : 目标是什么

plan : 计划

suggest : 建议

suggest + doing/that,

suggest + 名词或代词

 

【Special difficulties】 难点

Exercise练习 Choose the correct words in the following sentences: 选择正确的词 :

1  We shall have to draw(in)(up) a new plan.

2  When I recognized who he was I drew(back)(up)in horror.

3  The car drew(back)(up) outside the cinema.

1  draw up签署 / 2  draw back倒退 / 3  draw up＝stop :停止,停下来

 

【Summary writing】摘要写作

Answer these questions in not more than 85 words. 回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过85个单词.

1  Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (The tunnel, which...)

2  Who suggested a better plan two years later?

3  How would passing trains solve the problem of ventilation in his proposed double railway－tunnel? (because they would)

4  Did work begin forty－two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though...because)

5  When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)

 

1  The tunnel will(would) be ventilated, a French engineer planned to build in 1858.

The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.

先行词, which : 非限定性定语从句

The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.

3  though...because...

because the British had feared invasion.

It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.

Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stopped because...

5  However 起了副词的作用,后面可以直接加一个句子

 

【Composition】 作文

Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses:

用括号中的连词改写以下句子 :

1  The English Channel separates Britain from Europe. The country has not been invaded since1066. (Thanks to...which)

2  Modern warfare is far more complex. Such fears no longer exist.(However, now that...)

3  Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. (Both...and)

 

1  Thanks to : 幸亏(to是介词)  /  because of : 由于

Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe, the...

2  now that : 即使 (既然)

Howwever, now that moden warfare is far more complex ,such fears no longer exist.

即使现代战争越来越复杂了,然而这样的害怕都已经不存在了

3  Both...and...

Both Britain and Europe benefit... (注意benefit不能加s)

benefit [5benifit] n.利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于 vi.受益

 

 

 

§ Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察

 

★versus prep 对 (对抗的概念)

VS 就是versus的缩写,读音不变

Christmas Eve : 圣诞前夜

Father Christmas : 圣诞老人

Santa Claus : 圣诞老人(美国常用)

★accompany v 陪伴, 随行

I'll accompany you to your hotel. / I'll accompany you home.

★approach v 走近

come nearer and nearer = approach

the old man approaches 80 years old

approach sb : 离某人越来越近

he is approaching me

approach n 途径, 方法

we have found an approach to success.

should : 应该(我认为)

ought to : 应该(义务上)

you should knock at the door.

you ought to knock at the door.

sb+weigh+体重

lose weight 减肥

★fortunate adj 幸运的

lucky : 有运气的, 幸运的 = fortunate

take to : 把...送到

dress up as : 打扮成为

dress up : 打扮

a guard of honour : 仪仗队

set off : 出发

should have done : 原本应该做而没做 : You should have come earlier.

needn't have done : 过去不必做但是做了

ought to : 应该: ought to have done 也表示原本应该做而没做

所有的情态动词+have done都跟过去有关

1、跟虚拟语气有关的 : would have done

2、表示推测句型 : may/must/can't have done

as＝because

hold up the traffic : 阻碍交通

off＝away from离开什么地方

must+v推测 ; have to: 不得不

afterwards＝later后来

it was fortunate that...

should跟现在有关系

should have done跟过去有关系

let sb off(go) : 让某人走(离开)

情态动词+have done一定和过去有关系

1、表示推测的过去 : must/can't/may

2、虚拟语气相连 : would have done

3、should have done : 原本该做但是没做

4、needn't have done : 原本不必做但是做了

let sb off : 让某人走 / let sb down : 让某人失望 / let sb in/out : 让某人进来/出去

情态动词如果后面加动词原形,认为跟现在或将来有关,一旦要和过去有关,一定在情态动词后面加have done

①seem加形容词 ②加不定式 ③it seemed that句型 ④seem后加as if从句: 看起来似乎

After的后面可以直接加doing,也可以加having done

 

 

§ Lesson 66 Sweet as honey!像蜜一样甜!

★remote adj 偏僻的

lonely偏僻的(孤零零的)

remote village遥远的村庄

lonely island孤岛

remote偏远

★Pacific n 太平洋

Atlantic大西洋 / Indian ocean印度洋 / Arctic ocean 北冰洋

★damage v 毁坏

★wreck n 残骸

wreck强调坏了没用的东西 : broken thing (一个坏了的整体,完整的)

wrekage强调坏的东西成碎片 : piece of

★rediscover v 重新发现

re-表示再, 又的意思

review复习 / reread再读 / rewrite改写 / retell复述

★aerial adj 航空的

★survey n 调查

investigation [in7vesti5^eiFEn] n.调查, 研究

survey调查(一定要跟数据有关系)

aerial survey航空调查(跟数据有关系)

★rescue v 营救

rescue＝save

★package v 把...打包

pack n. 小包, v. 把...打成小包

package n 大包

package v 把...打成大包

parcel包裹(邮局邮寄)

pack it for me

wrap it up for me

package deal : 一揽子交易,一揽子交易中的条款

★enthusiast n 热心人

enthusiast [in5Wju:ziAst] n.热心家, 狂热者

★restore v 修复 修并且复原,如对艺术品的修复

★imagine v 想像

imagine doing

imagine it想象一下吧! (口语)

imagine that + 从句

★packing case 包装箱

★colony n 群, 殖民地

colony [5kClEni] n.殖民地, 侨民, (聚居的)一群同业, 一批同行, (生物)群体

colony 一群聚居在一起的生物

a colony of ants一群蚂蚁

a colony of bees一群蜜蜂

a colony of artists一群艺术家

a flock of

a flock of goats 羊群

a herd of cows 一群奶牛

a crowd of (用于人)

★preserve v 保护

protect保护

preserve保存(经过特殊手段而保存下来)

bean curd豆腐

preserved bean curd豆腐乳

preserved fruit果脯

preserved meat腊肉

preserved fish腊鱼

smoked fish熏鱼

can I keep your photo? 我能保存你的照片吗?

store the cabbage

store储存, 保存(以便日后使用)

★beeswax n 蜂蜡

本课重点词: 1 remote 2 wreck 3 re- 4 package / package deal 5 restore 6 imagine it 7 preserve

【课文讲解】

crash从上往下掉 (不及物, on)

crash in the mountain掉到山里

a long way to go 有很长的路要走

west of / east of / south of / north of

在英文中跟方位感相连的介词有三个in, on, to

Haerbin‘s in the north of China

on是指跟一个地方有接触面

Korea is on the north of China

to是相离的概念

★前面又没the, 又没介词,  west of＝to the west of

west of前面没有任何词修饰的时候, 我们认为处于相离的概念

was too badly damaged损坏得太厉害

over在此之间, 相当于during (over后如有数字则译为 “超过” )

over the years 这些年来

over the new year在新年期间 / over the Christmas在圣诞期间

over Spring Festival在春节期间

festival [5festEvEl] n.节日, 喜庆日, 音乐节, 戏剧节, 喜庆, 欢宴, 欢乐 adj.节日的, 快乐的

remain+adj看作系动词be理解

the room remained warm房间还是那么暖和, 注意与 “the room was warm.” 的区别, “remain” 有保持的意思

Christmas is coming few days after the beginning of the winter

by this time到这时

in condition处于...状态

in reasonable condition＝in good condition

in perfect condition处于完美状态

in poor confition状态不好

in reasonable condition做后置定语

keep the house in good condition

was rare and was worth rescuing.

be worth doing表达了被动含义, 用主动ing表达被动含义

the cake is worth eating

the books are worth reading

have something done 让别人做某事

in parts:little by little,bit by bit一部分一部分

the group : the group of enthusiasts

imagine后面可以直接加宾语

imagine my excitement when I found my mother outside

imagine their excitement and delight when the People’s Republic of China was founded

break sth open打开...

cut open切开

cut it open剪开(信封)

tear it open撕开(信封)

busy as a bee忙得象个蜜蜂

sweet as honey甜得象蜜 (在文中是双关语, 注意体会)

sticky as glue胶水一样粘

stong as horse马一样强壮

turn...into把...变成

在固定短语中as...as中得的一个as省略

as busy as a bee中第一个as省略: I am busy as a bee.

【Key structures】 关键句型

have sth done

1、让别人做某事 2、遭遇不幸

I have my leg broken我摔断了腿

I have my wallet lost/stolen我丢了钱包

 

shipwreck [5Fiprek] n.船只失事, 海难, 遇难

情态动词need只用于否定句和疑问句中,要用在肯定句中肯定是实义动词

need to do 将来需要做

 

§ Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

active : 积极的 / passive : 消极的, 被动的

positive：adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 绝对的, 确实的adj.[数]正的adj.[电]阳的

★erupt n.v. (或山)喷发

★violently adv 猛烈地, 剧烈地

violent [5vaiElEnt] adj.猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的

violence [5vaiElEns] n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴

★manage v 设法

manage to do = try to do sth and succeed

I can manage it. / I can manage it myself.

★brilliant adj 精彩的

★liquid adj 液态的

escape death : 死里逃生

narrow escape : 九死一生 (这里的escape为n名词)

narrow [5nArEu] n.狭窄部分, 海峡, 隘路

adj.狭窄的, 精密的, 严密的, 有限的, 气量小的, 勉强的, 眼光短浅的 vi.变窄

vt.使变狭窄, 使缩小

escape doing sth: He escape punishment/being punished.

 

★alive adj 活着的

alive 做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面, 属于表语形容词, 又如: light ahead 前面的灯光

living sth / elephant alive / living elephant 表示活着的象

live(adj) : 现场的; 表 “活着的” 永远不和人连用

live [lIv] v 和 [laIv] adj 的读音不同

live concert  现场演唱会 / live fish 活鱼, 但不能和人连

 

spend some time doing sth

lifetime : 毕生精力

用不定式做目的状语: to abserve a new... 仔细观察,一般科学家用 “observe”

close to : 离......很近

for long＝for a long time

notice that + 宾语从句

notice sth

notice sb do/doing : 注意到某人做某事/正在做某事

notice that: 文中可改为—He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him.

river of...:...形成的河流 / river of soil and stone 泥石流 / river of blood 血流成河

threaten to : 有迹象表明

the mouth of Kituro 火山口

so that : 以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词

take a risk of/at a risk of : 冒险

risk sth＝risk losing sth : 冒着失去......的危险

risk doing : 冒着做......的危险

在两相比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一定要在比较时用other, else排除前者

than any other man alive.

注意: spend most of his lifetime 与 spend his lifetime的区别

tell the time 报时(固定结构)

tell the difference between: 区分, 区别

tell (sb) a lie (谎言有很多个)

tell (sb) the truth (真话只有一个,故要特指, 加the)

tell (sb) the difference between

say a good word for sb : 为某人说好话

only just(固定短语)＝almost not : 差点就没有

on the subject of＝about

 (朝向)towards＝in the direction of

direction [di5rekFEn, dai5rekFEn] n.方向, 指导, 趋势, (常用复数)指示, 用法, 说明(书), 收件人地址

 

§ Lesson 68 Persistent 纠缠不休

 

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★persistent adj 坚持的, 固执的

you are stubborn你这个死脑筋

stubborn [5stQbEn] adj.顽固的, 固执的, 坚定的, 坚决的, 难应付的, 难处理的

persist坚持(不顾阻拦一味的坚持): persist in doing sth

 

★avoid v 避开

avoid doing sth : 只能加doing

 

★insist v 坚持做

insist坚持(认为, 说, 是人的一种态度)insist on doing sth

persevere [7pE:si5viE] v.坚持

persevere坚持不懈(褒义词) : persevere in

persevere [7pE:si5viE] v.坚持

 

【课文讲解】

cross : (v)穿过 / across(adv/prep)穿过 区别如pass / past , 为词性上的区别

came running向...跑过来

go shopping, go swimming, go skating(去溜冰) / coming shopping 来购物 / coming swimming

it is no use doing...做某件事情是没有用处的

it is no use crying over the spilled milk 覆水难收 (over: 关于)

enjoy doing / appreciate sth/doing(只能加doing)

like, love, enjoy, appreciate

用不定式做定语, 修饰anything,  anything to do: 任何要做的事

anything to eat 可以吃的东西 / anything to drink 可以喝的东西

no matter : 无论+从句(要以特殊疑问词引导)

no matter how busy you are. / no matter how deep the hole is. / no matter how well you slept.

No matter how  old you are. / no matter where you are. / no matter who you are.

No matter how tired you are, your children insisted on listening to stories.

think of a way of doing : 想一个做某事的方法 / think of a way of solving

prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事, 让某人不做某事

stop sb from doing sth让某人不做某事

keep sb from doing sth让某人不做某事(保持不做某事)

forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事

fancy meeting you here!真想不到会在这见到你!

fancy＝imagine

escape doing, risk doing,  allow doing

fance+名词－表示惊讶

不定式的复合结构, 做宾语从句

be busy doing : 忙着做某事

finish doing / complete doing

would you mind my coming with you?

Mind+v.-ing

for sb--逻辑主语

-ing的逻辑主语, 有四种形式, 分两大类

1、作为代词, 可以用人称代词的宾格, 又可以用形容词性物主代词

2、作为名词, 可以保持本身不变, 也可以变成名词所有格

my--me可以互换

would you mind my/me smoking?

would you mind me making myself at home? 你介意我把这儿当成家吗?

 

4、动名词复合结构 : 由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成

His leaving is a great loss. 他的离去是一个很大的损失

Mother dislikes my(me) working late. 妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟

Mother dislikes my sleeping late.

John's having seen her did not make her worried. 约翰已经见到她的事实, 没有让她感到担心

注 : 动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)

哪些词后面可以接动词-ing: 介词,某些动词—avoid, enjoy, finish, It is no use, preveent sb from, fancy, imagine, escape, risk, allow等

3、宾语 : 下列动词须跟动名词作宾语

admit, deny, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, complete, delay, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...

insist on doing, persist in doing, persevere in doing, give up doing

特注 :

以allow为例 : allow+doing sth(动名词作宾语), 但可以, allow sb to do sth

(不定式作宾语)

这类动词常见如 : advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.

practice n—practise v / advice n –- advise v 用法一样: advise sb to do / advise doing

 

insist +从句(should +原形), 虚拟语气

salute问候(军人向长官的)行军礼, 敬礼

greet : 问候

lie to : 向某人撒谎

false [fC:ls] adj.错误的, 虚伪的, 假的, 无信义的, 伪造的, 人工的, 不老实的 adv.欺诈地

lie : 谎言, 可数名词, 应为 a lie : tell a lie