​新SAT写作有一项要求： consider how the author uses stylistic or persuasive elements。说到stylistic or persuasive elements, 就一定要熟悉英文中的各种修辞手法，倒并不一定要说出每种手法的学术名称，但能在文章当中识别出来并分析它的作用还是很有必要的。本文青岛大学SAT中心的写作主讲老师孔姗姗为大家讲解一部分常用的修辞手法，希望考生们能掌握它们的用法和作用。

　　1.Irony（反语）

　　反语是一种用相反的说法来表露本意的修辞方式。如在指责过失、错误时，用赞同过失的说法；而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。例如：

　　It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

　　"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

　　I have enough money to last me the rest of my life, unless I buy something. (Times)

　　Sarcasm(讽刺) is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.

　　Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.

　　I love being married. It’s so great to find that one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life.

　　I'd insult you, but you're not bright enough to notice.

　　Not all men are annoying. Some are dead.

　　Ridicule(嘲弄) is unkind laughter or remarks intended to make someone or something seem stupid.

　　He mopped his bald dome in silence.

　　Bryan, aging and paunchy, was assisted.

　　Innuendo(暗讽) is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout way at something disparaging or uncomplimentary to the person or subject mentioned.

　　The weatherman said it would be warm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.

　　?Innuendo and irony differ from each other. With irony, the intended meaning is explicit: it is expressed by the opposite of the literal meaning of the word used. In contrast, with innuendo, the intended meaning is implicit and the understanding of it depends on the context. That’s why innuendo is also called “a mild irony”.

　　2.Pun（双关）

　　双关一般借助词义、谐音、形近等方式，用一词表达两层含义，从而达到幽默滑稽的效果。例如：

　　She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

　　An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

　　If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

　　I finally figured out how government works. The Senate gets the bill from the House. The president gets the bill from the Senate. And we get the bill for everything. (Reader’s Digest)

　　3.Parody（仿拟）

　　仿拟即仿写，仿写的材料一般都为人们所熟知，比如谚语、名言、警句等。例如：

　　Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

　　A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

　　If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

　　Wall Street owns the country. It is no longer a government of the people, by the people and for the people, but a government of Wall Street, by Wall Street and for Wall Street. (Mary Elizabeth Lease)

　　4.Rhetorical question（反问）

　　反问是一种加强语气等修辞手法，多用疑问等形式表达确定的意思。例如：

　　How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

　　Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

　　Shall we pause now and turn our back upon the road that lie ahead? Shall we call this the promised land? Or, shall we continue on our way? (Franklin D. Roosevelt)

　　5.Antithesis（对照、对比、对偶）

　　对偶是用结构相当、意义对称的一组词语或句子表达两个相近或相对意思的一种修辞方式。例如：

　　Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome more.

　　You are staying; I am going.

　　Give me liberty, or give me death.

　　United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do. (John F. Kennedy)

　　6.Paradox（隽语）

　　隽语是矛盾修辞法的一种，它往往借助看似矛盾、似非而是的语言表达耐人寻味的哲理。隽语一般是句子层面的自相矛盾。例如：

　　More haste, less speed.

　　The child is the father to the man.

　　Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.

　　7.Oxymoron（逆喻）

　　逆喻也是一种矛盾修辞法，它的这种矛盾表达主要表现在词汇层面，因此也有人称之为浓缩型矛盾修辞法。例如：

　　No light, but rather darkness visible.

　　The state of this house is cheerless welcome.

　　It has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great man, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefullest pleasures of any town I ever saw.

　　8.Climax（渐进法）

　　渐进法是一种把一系列相关事物由小到大，由缓到急，由轻到重，由弱到强的逻辑排列成串，以达到增强气势、加深读者印象的目的的修辞。例如：

　　I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.

　　Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.

　　But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow the ground. (Abraham Lincoln)

　　9.Anticlimax（渐降法）

　　渐降法是与渐进法相反的一种修辞手法。例如：

　　On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.

　　The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

　　The senator pledged to oppose war, fight poverty, protest individual freedom and name a new state flower.

　　10.Repetition（反复）

　　反复是一种通过重复使用某一词汇、句子、段落，从而起到强调语意、突出情感的作用的修辞手段。例如：

　　It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man-made destiny.

　　Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.

　　We know to secure a more just and prosperous life for man on earth: through free markets, free speech, free election… (George Bush)

以上就是青岛大学SAT中心为大家整理的"新SAT写作中的修辞手法（二）"，更多有关美国留学考试资讯敬请关注我们官方网站，您还可以拨打我们的热线电话 0532-85955508进行相关咨询或微信搜索SAT-USA，关注我们的官方微信来获取最新资讯。

​