2条件状语从句

2.1由if引导的条件状语从句

  If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.

  如果一个学生进大学是为了获得对生活前景更为广泛的认识，为了扩展思想境界以及学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，他会受益的。

 

2.2由unless引导的条件状语从句

unless表示“除非“、“如果不”。

  There's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping. 除非做梦使我们夜不成眠，否则或许根本没有理由关注梦。

 

 

2.3由suppose(或supposing), assuming, provided(或providing)引导的条件状语从句

 

均表示“假如”，和if同义,其后可以有that。

  Suppose you say, "Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses." She says, "Right this way, please."

 假如你说，“是的，谢谢。我想要一副太阳镜。”她就会说，“请到这边来。”

 

  Farmers will have a good harvest, assuming the weather is favorable.

  假如风调雨顺，农民将获得丰收。

3.地点状语从句

地点状语从句的引导词包括where, wherever等。

  There is no happiness where there is no wisdom.

  在没有智慧的地方，就没有幸福。

  General statements, wherever possible, should be supported by examples.

  笼统的论述应尽可能举例说明。

4.原因状语从句

原因状语从句的引导词

4.1由because引导的原因状语从句

(1) because表示“因为”，所表达的原因语气最强。

  The result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention.

  其结果可能是成绩较差，因为他们得到的个别关照较少。 

(2)如果主句是否定表达，有时否定的是because所引导的从句，从而构成否定转移，应依照具体情况做出判断。

  John didn't marry Alice because she was rich, or because she was pretty.

  约翰娶爱丽斯并非因为她富有，或许是因为她漂亮。 

4.2由as引导的原因状语从句

as表示“因为”，所表达的原因语气较弱。

Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.

任何新型能源都将大受欢迎，因为石油已经出现短缺。 

4.3由since引导的原因状语从句

since表示“因为”、“既然”，表达说话者认为已成为事实的原因，相当于as it is a fact that.

as long as或so long as表示“既然”。

  Since some college or university courses are applied rather than theoretical, they stress doing and involvement. 因为有些大学课程是应用型的，而不是理论型的，所以他们注重实践和参与。

 

4.4由considering引导的原因状语从句

considering表示“考虑到”，其后可以跟that o

  Considering that the sweater is handmade, the price seems reasonable.

  考虑到这件毛衣是手工做的，价格似乎合理。 

4.5由now that引导的原因状语从句

now that表示“既然”。与since的不同之处在于，now that引出的必须是一个新出现的事实或情况，如果依然如故，和过去相比并没有变化，则不用now that引导。

  Now that we have finished the course, we shall take a new one.

  既然我们已经完成了这门课程，我们将学一门新的课程。 

4.6由in that引导的原因状语从句

in that表示“因为”，也可以理解为“体现在…方面”。

  Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

  广告不同于其他的交流形式，因为广告商要为传递的信息付费。

 

5.目的状语从句

目的状语从句的引导词包括so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。 

5.1由so that引导的目的状语从句

so that表示“为了”、“以便于”。

   She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend sometime here so that she could learn more about the city. 她不知道自己是否有机会在这里呆一段时间，以更多地了解这座城市。 

5.2由in order that引导的目的状语从句

in order that表示“为了”，与so that用法相同，比so that更为正式。

  Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.

  海伦仔细地听着，以便于搞清楚约瀚想要什么。

 

5.3由lest, in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句

三个连词意义相同，都表示“以防”、“以免”，它们所引导的状语从句可使用虚拟语气。

  Take your raincoat with you in case it rains.  随身带上雨衣，以防下雨。

  He walked into the room quietly for fear that he should be heard.他轻轻地走进房间，怕被人听到。 

6.结果状语从句

结果状语从句的引导词包括:so that, that, so…that, such…that, so much so that等。

 6.1由so that引导的结果状语从句

  Lifts stopped working, so that you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs.  电梯停了，因此你得去完成一项不愉快的任务:摸黑往下走几百阶楼梯。

6.2由so…that引导的结果状语从句

so…that表示“如此…以至于”，so修饰形容词或状语。

(1) Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't utter a word.

  他听到这则意外消息，吃惊得连一句话也说不出来。

  (2) He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any reliance on what he promises.

  他一次又一次地令我失望，我不再相信他的许诺。

6.3由such…that引导的结果状语从句

(1) such…that表示“如此…以至于”，such修饰名词。有时，that被省略。

   The radio was of such inferior quality that I took it back and asked for a better one.

这台收音机质量低劣，我把它拿回来，要求更换一台好的。

  With the present rate of increase, it can be calculated that in 600 years the number of human beings on Earth will be such that there will be only one square meter for each to live on.

  以目前的增长速度可以预测，600年后，地球上的人口数量将达到每个人只有一平方米的地方可以生活。(有时，such 后没有名词，即such that用在一起。)

 

6.4由so much so that引导的结果状语从句

so much so that表示“达到这样的程度以至于”。

  We expect other people to act according to the same rules that we do, so much so that the manners and behavior of persons from another culture can be extremely confusing.

  我们期待别人也按照我们的规则行事，以至于另一种文化的人们其行为举止可能让我们感到极为困惑。 

7.方式状语从句

方式状语从句的引导词包括as, as if, as though, in the same way(或in the same manner)等。

7.1由as引导的方式状语从句

(1) as表示“以…方式”，“像··一样”，“正如”。

  She cooks a chicken as her mother did. 她按照母亲的做法烹饪鸡肉。

  Sir Alexander Fleeting did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then

  并不像传说的那样，亚历山大·弗莱明不是看到一片奶酪上的霉菌当即就有了发明青霉素的想法。

(2) as经常和副词so搭配，so引导主句。

  Just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.

  正如大多数人吃得过多一样，大多数人睡得也过多。 

7.2由as if或as though引导的方式状语从句

as if或as though表示“好像”。

  Television does not look as if it will be less popular in the world of the future.

  似乎电视在未来世界的受欢迎程度并不会减少。

  In the past few decades men behaved as if their supplies of minerals were inexhaustible.

  在过去的几十年里，人们对待矿物的态度就好像矿物的供应取之不尽，用之不竭。