古巴政府军称为古巴革命武装力量。 2006年军费占古巴国内生产总值的3.8%。装备得到中国和朝鲜的供应。古巴是一个长期实行义务兵役制的国家，年满17岁的男青年均有服兵役的义务。服役期1年或2年，长度取决于是否被高等教育机构录取。年满17岁的女性公民如果自愿，并符合军队需要，也可参军服现役。

卡斯特罗曾建立起仅次于巴西军队的拉美第二大武装力量。从1975年到1980年代末，苏联的军事援助使古巴提升了军事能力，使古巴军队有能力参与支援亚非拉国家左翼反对派或政权的行动。但随着共产主义阵营的瓦解，古巴失去军援，被迫裁军，军人人数由1994年的23.5万人缩减到2011年的约8.5万人。

(上图：古巴国防部)  从此，军队除支援国家经济建设外，还直接开办企业，其目的在于减轻政府的军费负担，并给予老一辈无产阶级革命家和高级军官提供适度的经济好处以维系军内团结。古巴革命武装力量使用的苏制武器和本国开发的轻武器与美军装备的差距正在扩大。

古巴海军约有三千军人，只有一些小型舰只, 此390舰是我在哈瓦那港见过的唯一战舰。据报道, 390舰是古巴最大的军舰，古巴使用2500吨排水量的西班牙拖网渔船改装成的Rio Damuji 级巡逻舰,。拥有它, 美帝国主义50多年不敢入侵古巴!  (所有的照片拍摄于2015年5月8日)
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The largest warships in Cuban service, this aging Spanish built fishing trawler was converted into a patrol ship with a displacement of around 2500 tons. At least and possibly two are in Cuban military operation, photographed with a Styx anti-ship missile launch bin bolted to the foredeck, probably recycled from a non-operational Osa-II missile boat. This ship shows that the Cuban navy has a good dealhttp://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png of ingenuity, but it also illustrates the pathetic state of a fleet that once boasted ocean-going submarines and modern frigates.

This strange vessel began life as a deepwater stern-haul fishing trawler, built commercially in Spain for the state-owned Cuban fishing enterprise. Of the 7-trawler original order for the fishing fleet, Rio Damuji’s sister Rio Moa has been sold to a Belize fishing companyhttp://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png and is now M/V Goldenfish I, along with Rio Hanabana which is now M/V Skyfish I. At some point during the late 1990s/early 2000s Rio Damuji, the first unit of the class, was transferred to the navy, and in 2006 or 2007 it was armed and converted into a makeshift offshore patrol vessel (OPV).

The armament consists of two SS-N-2 “Styx” launchers taken from a decommissioned “Osa II” classhttp://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png FAC(M), a 2M3 twin 25mm taken from a decommissioned torpedo boat, and what appears to be the turret of a T-54/55 tank. It is unclear how the missiles would be utilized, as typically they need to interface with a “Square Tie” radar for several seconds in directional-lock mode to obtain a firing solution. Possibly the Rio Damuji may only carry IR-homing variant “Styx” missiles, in which case the ship would just line up and fire down the bearing of a target, hoping the missile acquires the target on it’s own.

Some sources state that there are two ships of this class now in servicehttp://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png, however it may be that Rio Damuji simply changed pennant numbers after receiving the SS-N-2 missiles. In August 2012 pictures from Havana showed the dockyard for refurbishment working on the second patrol ship of the same type. Judging from the pictures, the second ship is being rebuilt along the lines of the trawler Rio Damuji.