读《瓦尔登湖》翻译(九十六)
(2019-09-03 08:49:30)
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分类: 瓦尔登湖 |
My furniture, part of which I made myself, and the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account, consisted of a bed, a table, a desk, three chairs, a looking-glass three inches in diameter, a pair of tongs and andirons, a kettle, a skillet, and a frying-pan, a dipper, a wash-bowl, two knives and forks, three plates, one cup, one spoon, a jug for oil, a jug for molasses, and a japanned lamp. None is so poor that he need sit on a pumpkin. That is shiftlessness. There is a plenty of such chairs as I like best in the village garrets to be had for taking them away. Furniture! Thank God, I can sit and I can stand without the aid of a furniture warehouse. What man but a philosopher would not be ashamed to see his furniture packed in a cart and going up country exposed to the light of heaven and the eyes of men, a beggarly account of empty boxes? That is Spaulding's furniture. I could never tell from inspecting such a load whether it belonged to a so-called rich man or a poor one; the owner always seemed poverty-stricken. Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. Each load looks as if it contained the contents of a dozen shanties; and if one shanty is poor, this is a dozen times as poor. Pray, for what do we move ever but to get rid of our furniture, our exuviae; at last to go from this world to another newly furnished, and leave this to be burned? It is the same as if all these traps were buckled to a man's belt, and he could not move over the rough country where our lines are cast without dragging them, -- dragging his trap. He was a lucky fox that left his tail in the trap. The muskrat will gnaw his third leg off to be free. No wonder man has lost his elasticity. How often he is at a dead set! "Sir, if I may be so bold, what do you mean by a dead set?" If you are a seer, whenever you meet a man you will see all that he owns, ay, and much that he pretends to disown, behind him, even to his kitchen furniture and all the trumpery which he saves and will not burn, and he will appear to be harnessed to it and making what headway he can. I think that the man is at a dead set who has got through a knot-hole or gateway where his sledge load of furniture cannot follow him.< xmlnamespace prefix ="o" ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
(徐迟译)我的家具,一部分是我自己做的——其余的没花多少钱,但我没有记账——包括一张床,一只桌子,三只凳子,一面直径三英寸的镜子,一把火钳和柴架,一只壶,一只长柄平底锅,一个煎锅,一只勺子,一只洗脸盆,两副刀叉,三只盘,一只杯子,一把调羹、一只油罐,和一只糖浆缸,还有一只上了日本油漆的灯。没有人会穷得只能坐在南瓜上的。那是偷懒的办法。在村中的阁搂上,有好些是我最喜欢的椅子;只要去拿,就属于你了。家具!谢谢天。我可以坐,我可以站,用不到家具公司来帮忙。如果一个人看到自己的家具装在车上,曝露在光天化日之下,睽睽众目之前,而且只是一些极不入眼的空箱子,除了哲学家之外,谁会不害羞呢?这是斯波尔亭的家具。看了这些家具,我还无法知道是属于一个所谓阔人的呢,还是属于穷人的;它的主人的模样似乎总是穷相十足的。真的,这东西越多,你越穷。每一车,都好像是十几座棚屋里的东西;一座棚屋如果是很穷的,这就是十二倍地穷困。你说,为什么我们时常搬家,而不是丢掉一些家具,丢掉我们的蛇蜕;离开这个世界,到一个有新家具的世界去,把老家具烧掉呢?这正如一个人把所有陷阱的机关都缚在他的皮带上,他搬家经过我们放着绳子的荒野时,不能不拖动那些绳子,——拖到他自己的陷阱里去了。把断尾巴留在陷阶中的狐狸是十分幸运的。麝鼠为了逃命,宁肯咬断它的第三条腿子。难怪人已失去了灵活性。多少回他走上了一条绝路!“先生,请您恕我唐突,你所谓的绝路是什么意思呢?”如果你是一个善于观察的人,任何时候你遇见一个人,你都能知道他有一些什么东西,嗳,还有他好些装作没有的东西,你甚至能知道他的厨房中的家什以及一切外观华美丽毫不实用的东西,这些东西他却都要留着,不愿意烧掉,他就好像是被挽驾在上面,尽是拖着它们往前走。一个人钻过了一个绳结的口,或过了一道门,而他背面的一车子家具却过不去,这时,我说,这个人是走上一条绝路了。
1)the rest cost me nothing of which I have not rendered an account。这里的“nothing”否定得很彻底,应是“一点钱也没花”,戴译“没花什么钱”正确,徐译“没花多少钱” 王译“花销也不大”,都是“花钱了”。不清楚这么变动的根据是什么?
接下来“我没有报账”与“没花钱”的关系。徐译“但我没有记账”——原文里没有转折;戴译“因为我未记账”——也不存在“因为没记账所以没花钱” 的因果关系;王译“就没记账”——“因为没花钱所以没记账”的因果关系讲得通。
2)None is so poor that he need sit on a pumpkin. 前面梭罗曾说“I would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion.”没有谁穷得要坐南瓜。戴译“没有人会穷极潦倒地一屁股坐在大南瓜上的”有增添,且“so… that”没译出。
3)a beggarly account of empty boxes?如何译出beggarly和account来?
徐译“而且只是一些极不入眼的空箱子”,——“极不入眼”大约是译beggarly的,那“account”呢?“而且”“只是”原文中似乎都没有。
戴译“而且是些破旧的空箱子”。
王译“而那些家具又是叫花子一样的空盒子”——“叫花子”与“空盒子”有什么相似性?“叫花子一样的空盒子”听起来很怪。
4)That is Spaulding's furniture.作为这句的翻译,徐译“这是斯波尔亭的家具。”没多少可挑剔的,只是纳闷“斯波尔亭的家具是什么样的?”,梭罗为什么要说这一句?若知道背景,可以帮助我们透彻理解句子的含义。
5)I could never tell from inspecting such a load whether it belonged to a so-called rich man or a poor one; the owner always seemed poverty-stricken.
徐译“看了这些家具,我还无法知道是属于一个所谓阔人的呢,还是属于穷人的;它的主人的模样似乎总是穷相十足的。”
戴译“我对着家具左看右看,还是无法断定它到底是属于一个所谓富翁的还是一个穷人的,它的主人终归像是一身穷酸相。”
王译“审视这样一车东西,我永远也说不出,它究竟是属于一个所谓的有钱人,还是属于穷人;拥有者似乎总是穷困潦倒。”
这一句的翻译徐译戴译都理解错了,王译较为恰当。
梭罗眼里的穷与富不只是金钱与物质,还包括精神世界的富足。如果只追求物质富有,那么家具越多,精神越穷——这大概就是梭罗说的“看这一车家具,我真说不出拥有者是富是穷”。紧接着下一句说“真的,这种东西你有的越多,你就越穷(Indeed, the more you have of such things the poorer you are. )”
如果只以物质多寡来论穷富,那么,显而易见,家具越多越富有,梭罗何以“辨不出(I could never tell)穷富”呢?只以物质论穷富,“这种东西你有的越多,你就越穷”这句话本身就有矛盾。
“poverty-stricken”一词,徐译“穷相十足的”,戴译“一身穷酸相”,语气里都是纯粹的贬低,好像梭罗心底里嫌贫爱富似的。
6)“搬家”一句,Ken Kifer有评说:人死后进入另一世界,所有财产都扔于身后,梭罗认为人活在世上时把财产抛在身后也是个好主意(When someone dies and goes to the other world, all property is left behind, and Thoreau thinks that leaving it behind would be a good idea during this life as well.)。
7)这里“Trap”一词是双关:一是指陷阱,一是指个人物品、家具。Ken Kifer说:"Trap" means personal belongings or baggage as well as a device to ensnare animals, and Thoreau deliberately continues to confuse the two throughout this paragraph, pointing out that animals are willing to lose legs to get free.人们抛不开家具等身外物品,行走就拖拉着物品,就像把陷阱带在身上,走在满是拉线的地域,一走就触动陷阱机关。
8)It is the same as if all these traps were buckled to a man's belt, and he could not move over the rough country where our lines are cast without dragging them, -- dragging his trap.
这里的“move”应当是移动、走动之义。“rough”应是“高低不平”。“could not move …without dragging them”意思是“一走动就拽动”。
9)is at a dead set估计是指与“lost his elasticity”相近的失去灵活,僵硬僵化。下文有一句“I think that the man is at a dead set who has got through a knot-hole or gateway where his sledge load of furniture cannot follow him.”
(戴欢译)我的家具,有一部分是我自制的,其余的没花什么钱,因为我未记账,包括1张床、1张餐桌、1张坐椅、1面直径3英寸的镜子、1把火钳和壁炉的柴架、1把水壶、1只长柄平底锅、1只煎锅、1只长柄勺、1个洗脸盆、2副刀叉、3只盘子、1只杯子、1把汤匙、1只油壶、1只糖浆罐,还有只日本油漆的灯。没有人会穷极潦倒地一屁股坐在大南瓜上的,那是懒汉的把戏。
在村子里的阁楼上,有很多我喜欢的椅子,只要动手去拿,就归我了。家具啊!感谢上帝,我可以想坐就坐,想站就站,犯不着家具货栈来帮我。假如一个人看见自己的家具装上车要运往乡下,家具如此毫无遮掩地暴露在光天化日之下,众目睽睽之前,而且是些破旧的空箱子,除了哲学家,又有何人会不为之羞愧难当呢?这便是传教士斯波尔廷的家具。我对着家具左看右看,还是无法断定它到底是属于一个所谓富翁的还是一个穷人的,它的主人终归像是一身穷酸相。确实,这样的东西你永远越多,你就越穷困。这一车家具,看起来就像堆满了12个破棚屋的东西,如果说拥有一座破棚屋的东西很贫困,那么你就是12倍的贫困。
试问,我们为何要经常搬家,而不舍得丢弃我们的家具,蜕掉一层皮呢?为什么不离开这个世界,去到一个家具崭新的世界去,将旧家具付之一炬呢?这就犹如一个人,把所有陷阱机关的拉绳都缠在他的皮带上,他搬家路经荒野之地时却不敢动弹,那些拉绳放得满地都是,一旦拖动它们,他就会掉进自设的陷阱里去。将断尾留在陷阱中逃掉的狐狸无疑是幸运的。麝香鼠为了逃命,不惜咬掉它的第三条腿。毋庸置疑,人已经丧失了他的灵活性,难怪会多少回都走上一条绝路!先生,请恕我如此冒犯,你所指的绝路是什么意思呢?
假如你是一位先知,无论何时,当你遇见一个人,都会看透他拥有的一切东西,嗯,还有他假装没有的东西,你甚至还可以看见他隐藏在身后的东西,比如他厨房中的家具和徒有其表的东西,他对这些东西难舍难分,不愿一把火烧掉,他好象被死死地拴住了它们上面,尽力地拖着它们,艰难地向前挪动着步子。当一个人钻过了一个绳结的圈套,或者穿过一道门,而他身后的家具却不能随之通行无阻,我认为,这人此时是踏上了一条绝路。