Appendix I

Key to Exercises (Units 1-8)

Unit 1

Part I Pre-Reading Task

Script for the recording:

The song you are about to hear is all about taking a break from city life, escaping from the crowds,

rinding a quiet place, far from trie human race.

For those of us who live in cities, getting out in the country can provide a welcome break, letting us recharge our batteries. Out in the country, as the song says, we can find a place to

stand alone and take tack somethin' worth remembering.

The countryside also promises escape from the pollution of the city, somewhere to get some decent air to breathe. The countryside also offers somewhere where the sun is not hidden by smog, making it seem no more than

a bright spot in the nighttime.

So, just remember, as the song advises, whenever you

need a bit or room to move When life b ecomes too fast

66 -            Appendix  I                                                                                                  ^

you can always find relief at last

Out in the country.

Here is the song:

Out in the Country

Paul Williams/Roger Nichols

Whenever I need to leave it all heh ind Or feel the need to get away I find a quiet place, far from the human race Out in the country

Before the hreathin' air is gone

Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime

Out where the rivers like to run

I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'

Whenever I feel them closing in on me

Or need a hit of room to move

When life hecomes too fast, I find relief at last

Out in the country

Before the hreathin' air is gone

Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime

Out where the rivers like to run

I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'

Before the hreathin' air is gone

Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime

Out where the rivers like to run

I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'

Before the hreathin' air is gone

Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime

Out where the rivers lite to run

\

Appendix  I         - 69 -

I stand alone and take tack somethin' worth rememberin'

Berore the breathin' air is gone

Before tbe sun is just a brigbt spot in tbe nighttime.

■■

I stand alone...

.

Part II Text A

Text Organization

1.

2. Happy Moments and Events

1)        growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables

2)        canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.

3)        keeping warm inside the house in winter

4)   writing freelance articles

5)   earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life Hardships

1)        working hard both in winter and in summer

2)        harsh environment and weather condition

3)        anxious moments after the writer quit his job

4)   cutting back on daily expenses

5)        solitude

-90-

Appendix  I

Vocabulary

1. 1)

3)

5)

7)

9)

11)

13)

15)

2.          1) 3) 5) 7)

3.          1) 2) 3)

4)

   5)

4. 1)

  2)

  3)

2) On balance

4) cut back

6) haul

8) sprayed

10) illustrated

12) digest

14) get by

2) pickup

4) get through

6) turn in

8) think up

While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.

Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.

A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing every­thing for money.

A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life. Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environ­ments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn a profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it.

This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale.

When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays.

II. Confusable Words

1. 1) house

3) home, family

2) Home

4) household

1) doubt

3) doubted 5) suspect

2) suspected 4) suspected

III. Word Formation

1) rise

3) regular

5) hows, whys

7) yellowed

9) lower

2) final

4) cash

6) upped

8) bottled

10) search

Slructurc

1.1) when it comes to changing your life

2)       when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy

3)       when it comes to emotional intelligence

4)       when it comes to managing minor matters

2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong

2)       but, unfortunately, money isn't everything

3)       not all Americans like them

4)       Not all people share the same interests

Comprehensive txercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. gets by

3. get through

5. improvements

7. suspect

9. profit

11. spraying

(B)

1. While

3. begin

2.  temptation

4. picked up

6.  aside from

8.  supplement

10. primarily

12. stacking

2.  escape

4. Because/As

- 92 -        Appendix  I

5. quit                                                        6. start

7. on                                                           8. but (also)

9. be                                                          10. close

11. have                                                     12. cutting

13. cook/prepare                                        14. cities

15. however                                               16. family

II. Translation

A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.

But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.

Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

l.a                                                                 2. c

3.d                                                               4. b

5. a                                                               6. c

translation

(#JE Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. In addition                                               2. roast

Appendix  I      - 93 -

4. entertainment

6. at one time

8. missed out on

3k 10. as a result

12. rent

14. make sense

16. go with

18. dizzy

20. gasped

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life

Great changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents' words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth.

When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appli­ances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday.

In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in China today has at least one TV set and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends who may live thousands of miles from them.

The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better.

(194 words)

- 9^ -         Appendix  I

Unit 2

Part I  Pre-Reading Task

Script for the recording:

The song you are going to listen to is called Abraham, Martin & John, sung by Dion.

Abraham, Martin & John

Dion

Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend Abraham,

Can you tell me, where he's gone,

He freed a lotta people,

But it seems the good die young,

I just loohed around,

And he's gone,

Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend John,

Can you tell me, where he's gone,

He freed a lotta people,

But it seems the good die young,

I just loohed around,

And he' s gone,

Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend Martin,

Appendix  I      - 95 -

Can you tell me, where he's gone,

He freed a lotta people,

But it seems the good die young,

I just looked around,

And he's gone,

Didn't you love the things they stood for,

Didn't they try to find some good for you and me,

And we'll he free,

Someday soon it's gonna be one day,

Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend Bothy,

Can you tell me, where he's gone,

I thought I saw him walhin' up over the hill, With Ahrah am, Martin and John.

The unit we are going to study is all about civil-rights heroes. The song you have just heard is about four of them. Can you guess who they are? All are American. All are dead, all, as the song says, "gone". How about Abraham? Dion says he freed a lot of people. That's one clue. Another comes when she quotes the proverb: "the good die young." So it seems Abraham died young. My guess is Dion has in mind Abraham Lincoln, the American president who freed the slaves and was assassi­nated. How about John, another leader who helped people to free themselves? He too died young. Can you guess who it might be? President John F. Kennedy seems most likely. He too supported civil rights. He too died young, assassinated like Lincoln.

Now who could Martin be? Another civil-rights leader who died young, once again assassi­nated. A great speaker comes to mind. Who do you think? Martin Luther King, surely. And finally, Bobby. Bobby who? Probably Dion is thinking of Bobby Kennedy, John Kennedy's brother, another supporter of civil rights. He was running for president when, like his brother before him, he too was gunned down.

- 96 -        Appendix   I

Part II Text A

Text Organization

1.

2. Story 1 (Paras 6-10):   After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other

slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.

Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.

Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his desti­nation and became free at last.

Vocabulary

I.   1. 1) decades                                            2) historic

3) imposed                                            4) racial

5) slender                                               6) closing in on

7) settlement                                          8) site

9) mission                                           10) authorized

11) terminal                                          12) make the best of

13) exploits                                              14) religious
15) on the side
2.  1) pass for                                          2) stood up for

3) laid down                                          4) take on

Appendix  I     - 97 -

5) let (us) down                                     6) draw on

7) come up                                             8) given up

3.   1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their mea-

sures to protect the struggling American steel industry.

2)        Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.

3)        There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.

4)   A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.

5)        It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.

4.   1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fisher-

men to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (H § %}$}) in their nets, so signifi­cant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations to lay down more specific laws to save these animals.

2)       It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas.

3)       A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16^th US President Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many African-Americans, Lincoln was America's greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits.

II. Words with Multiple Meanings

1.         I'll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let's hear about your French trip.

2.         Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 differ­ent basic designs.

3.         Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.

4.         This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down.

5.         In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.

6.         Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.

7.         I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have delayed your homework.

8.         The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.

- 9$ -         Appendix  I

III. Usage

1. lonely                                                    2. friendly

3. weekly, monthly                                    4. lovely

5. cowardly                                                6. kindly / saintly

7. lively                                                      8. motherly

Structure

1.   1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.

2)        Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.

3)   Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 coun­tries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.

4)   Having graduated from St. Mary's College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles.

2.   1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.

2)        Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmers' incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries.

3)        With repeated hackers' attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.

4)   Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to under­stand that the Chinese preferred "teaching by holding the hand".

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. Underground                                        2. forged

3. stand up                                                4. transport

5. compelled                                             6. convictions

7. liberating                                               8. mission

9. abolish                                                 10. intent on

11. risk

(B)

1. who                                                      2. the

Appendix  I      - 99 -

3. along                                                    4. in

5. that                                                      6. through

7. not                                                       8. as

9.  referred                                               10. escape

11. where                                                  12. If

13. in                                                         14. even

15. until                                                      16. instead

17. as

II. Translation

Henson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

1. a                                                              2. d

3. c                                                              4. d

5. b                                                              6. b

Translation

(#J& Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. remarkable                                              2. commitment

3. flourish                                                   4. resulted from

- 100 -        Appendix  I

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

The Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S.

Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South, where large plantations grew cotton, to­bacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North, however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861.

With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end. Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about government action aimed at reducing discrimination.

As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites. Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family, however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top 500 companies is black.

Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a long way to go.

(254 words)

Appendix  I         - 101 -

Unit 3

Part I  Pre-Reading Task

Script for the recording:

The song you are about to hear is all about a "Saturday Night Special". Listen and see if you can guess what a Saturday Night Special is.

Saturday Night Special

Lynyrd Skynyrd

Two feets¹ they come a-creepin' ² Like a black cat do. Ana two bodies are layin' naked, Creeper thinks lie's got nothin' to lose.

So he creeps into the house, yean, And unlocks the door, And as a man's reachin' for his trousers Snoots him full or 38 holes.

It's the Saturday Night Special, Got a barrel that's blue and cold. Ain't no good for nothing⁴ But put a man six feet in a hole.

Big Jim's keen a-drinkin' whiskey, And playin' poker on a losin' night,

1 Two feets: Normally we say two feet.

2 a-creepin: in the state of creeping, "a-", here, is a prefix meaning "in the state or process of.

3 38 refers to a 38 calibre (P S) handgun or pistol.

4 Ain't no good for nothing: a non-standard way of saying "They are good for nothing"

- 102 -        Appendix  I

And pretty soon ol' Jim starts thinkin' Somebody's been cheatin' and lyin' .

So big Jim commenced to fightin'¹,

I wouldn't tell you no lies.

big Jim done pulled his pistol,

Snot his friend right between the eyes.

It's the Saturday Night Special, Got a barrel that's blue and cold. Ain't no good for nothin' But put a man six feet in a hole.

On, that's a Saturday Night Special,

For twenty dollars you can buy yourself one, too.

Hand guns are made for till in , They ain't no good for nothin' else. And if you like to drink your whiskey You might even shoot yourself.

So why don't we dump'em people To the bottom of the sea Before some ol' fool come around here, Wanna shoot either you or me.

It's the Saturday night special

You got a barrel that's blue and cold

You ain't good for nothin'

But put a man six feet in a bole.

It's the Saturday night special

And I'd like to tell you what you could do with it

And that's the end of the song.

The unit we are going to study, like the song you have just heard, is all about the threat of crime. It starts with a burglar creeping into a house at night. The couple in the house have gone to bed as the song says. Despite creeping the burglar must have awoken the man, for he is getting up, "reachin' for his trousers", when the burglar shoots him several times, "full of holes".

1 So big Jim commenced to fightin': Normally we say "Big Jim commenced to fight or commenced fighting".

Appendix  I      - 103-

Which brings us to the "Saturday Night Special", with its "barrel blue and cold", a handgun. Despite calling it by such a familiar name, it's clear the singer has no time for the handgun. He sings of it as being good for nothing but sending people to their grave, putting a man down "six feet in a hole".

From the dangers of burglars with guns, the singer moves on to how dangerous guns can be when drinking leads to violence. We hear the story of Big Jim, the gambler. As he gets drunk, Big Jim starts to suspect he is losing at cards because others are cheating. He gets into an argument and reaches for his Saturday Night Special. He shoots his friend "right between the eyes".

Pistols in America are cheap at just twenty dollars, but the singer warns against having one. Those foolish enough to do so are not only a danger to others, but also a danger to themselves, for, as he sings, "if you like to drink your whiskey, you may even shoot yourself."

Part II Text A

Text Organization

1. 1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.

2)        Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.

3)        Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.

4)   Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.

5)   Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.

6)   Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.

7)   Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.

8)        Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.

2.

- 104 -        Appendix  I

vices, in varied forms, are put to use.

Part Three            Paras 16-19

By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our own making.

Vocabulary

2) analyze

4)civilize

6)closed up

8)paste

10)sideways

12)hook up to

14)chart

2) looked back on

4) fit into

6) lies in

8) stand for

3.   1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by

researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.

2)   A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.

3)        The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killing all seven crew.

4)   Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both low in calories and rich in Vitamin C.

5)   Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.

4.   1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its

beautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban life.

2) I was puzzled by the word "e-mail" when I came across it for the first time years ago. "What is an e-mail? What on earth does the letter 'e' here stand for?" I asked myself. Later, I got to know that e-mail is a system for communicating messages by electronic rather than physical means.

Appendix   I    - 105 -

3) Mr. Smith has, over the years, established his name as a successful used-car dealer in the minds of local people. He places regular though small advertisements in newspapers fea­turing affordable second-hand cars, vans and trucks. At the back of his premises he owns a used-car lot (停车场) which faces a deserted street.

II.  Collocation

1. away                                                    2.   inside/in

3. forward/through                                   4.   back

5. off                                                        6.   home

7. back, down                                          8.   in, out

III.  Usage

1.         Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.

2.         Most men do not look unattractive in them.

3.         Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.

4.    This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.

5.         His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.

Structure

1.1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he was just joking.

2)   It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the names of flowers.

3)   When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything.

4)   Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and difficult to solve?

2.1) If they don't agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed.

2)        Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances are that there will be a cure within the next ten years.

3)   If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you'll put on several pounds in a matter of weeks.

4)   He left his office an hour ago but hasn't got home yet. Chances are that he's got stuck in a traffic jam.

- 106 -         Appendix  I

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. Statistics

3. era

5. on the latch

7. barriers

9. electronic

11. puzzle

(B)

1. worse / scarier

3. Yes / True

5. from

7. every

9. say

11. chances

13. when

15. Don't

2. rural

4. stood for

6. vulnerable

8. at bay

10. reflection

12. civilized

2. tougher / harder

4. barricading

6. not

8. However

10. back / at bay

12. Therefore

14. leave

16. head/brains

II. Translation

A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars en­tered more than 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people, particularly children who happen to be the last to come in, leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core, even when locked, are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as they make it difficult for the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warning—when you travel, make sure that you have a trusted neighbor collect and keep all the deliveries of newspapers and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or in your mailbox is an advertisement that no one is home.

Appendix  I      - 107 -

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

1. b

3. b 5. a

2. b 4. d 6. d

translation

(#JE Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. impact

3. draw the line at

5. circumstance

7. take the plunge

9. aggressive

11. advocated

13. departed

15. target

17. head for

19. on the line

2. inflicted

4. recommend

6. break into

8. conclude / have concluded 10. confirm

12. insure

14. in our favor

16. count on

18. Under no circumstances 20. aimed at

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

Why We Are against Gun Control

Should Americans oppose gun control? Of course we should. The gun is the great equalizer. It does not matter whether you are a big tough man or a small frail woman. With a gun in your hand you stand at the same height.

What's more, it is the foundation of our nation. Without it there would be no Republic as it is,

- 108 -        Appendix  I

for we would never have been able to drive the Indians off the land without shooting so many of them down. Nor would the West have been won. Who would have dared venture into lands unpro­tected by the law if they had not been able to protect themselves with a gun? The spirit of our nation thrives on aggressive individuals who are ready to stand up for themselves and to fight for their rights. Look at our films. What do we enjoy watching? People shooting one another. True, children occasionally get hold of guns and slaughter their classmates. But if only their classmates had been properly armed, they could have fought back. It was gun control that left them defenceless.

(184 words)

Unit 4

Part I  Pre-Reading Task

Script for the recording:

Every child likes listening to stories. Zoe, a girl with wings, is no exception. Listen carefully and see what story her father is going to tell her.

"Now, Zoe, stop fluttering around, and I will tell you a story."

"A true story, papa?"

"It all happened exactly as I'm going to tell you. Two thousand and eleven years ago in 1985, a tribe of beings from the Dog Star invaded Earth. They were called An-vils."

"And what did these beings look like, father?"

"Like humans in many, many respects. They each had two arms, two legs, and all the other organs that humans are endowed with. But they also had a pair of wings and long, purple tails."

"How many of these beings were there?"

"Exactly three million and forty-one male adults and three female adults. In five weeks' time these creatures were the masters of the entire globe."

"Didn't the Earthlings fight back?"

"The humans warred against the invaders, using bullets, ordinary bombs, super-atom bombs and gases."

Appendix  I      - 109 -

"What were those things like, father?"

"Oh, they passed out of existence long ago. The humans fought each other with such things."

"And not with ideas, like we do now?"

"No, with guns, just as I told you. But the weapons couldn't harm the invaders. Then the humans tried bacteria against the Star beings."

"What were those things?"

"Tiny bugs that the humans tried to inject into the bodies of the invaders to make them sicken and die. But the bugs had no effect at all on the An-vils. You must know, these newcomers were more intelligent than the Earthlings. In fact, they were the greatest mathematicians in the Milky Way."

"Then, father, the invaders killed off all the Earthlings?"

"Not all. They killed many, but many others were enslaved."

"Then everything was peaceful on Earth?"

"For a little while. Then, some of the most daring of the humans, led by a man named Knowall, escaped into the interior of Greenland. This Knowall was a psychiatrist and he figured out a way to rid the earth of the An-vils."

"How, papa?"

"He filled these An-vils with human emotions, such as love, hate, ambition, jealousy, envy, despair, hope, fear, shame and so on. Very soon terrible civil wars wiped out two-thirds of the An-vil population."

"Then the An-vils finally killed off each other?"

"Almost, until among them a being named Zalibar preached the brotherhood of all An-vils. The invaders quickly quit their quarrels, and the Earthlings were even more enslaved."

"Oh, papa, weren't Knowall and his followers awfully sad about it?"

"For a while. Then Knowall came up with the final way. He filled the An-vils with homesick­ness."

"Oh, wasn't Knowall smart? That meant, the An-vils were all filled with the desire to fly back to the Star from where they had started."

"Exactly. So, one day, at a given signal, all the An-vils rose up from Earth."

"So then all the An-vils flew away from Earth?"

"Not all. There were two child An-vils, one male and one female, aged two years, who had been born on Earth. They flew up too, but when they reached the upper limits of the atmosphere, they hesitated, turned tail and fluttered back to Earth. Their names were Zizzo and Zizza."

"And what happened to Zizzo and Zizza, papa?"

"Well, they were also great mathematicians. So, they multiplied."

"Oh, papa," laughed Zoe, flapping her wings excitedly, "that was a very nice story!"

-110-           Appendix   I

Part II Text A

Text Organization 1.

2.

Appendix   I        -111-

Vocabulary

I.   1.1) rocket                                             2) garbage

3) knock off                                        4) complicated

5) locality                                            6) cursed

7) came around                                   8) deputy

9) heave                                              10) caught sight of

11) arrangement                                    12) blinked

13) isolated                                           14) disabled
15) regardless of

2.   1) work out                                         2) passed away

3) go for                                                4) send for (the doctor)

5) knocked down                                   6) called on (me)

7) turned down                                      8) came up with

3.   1) "We want to put the government at your service, giving you what you've paid for," said

the incoming president at the inauguration.

2)   The doctors are keeping the patient under close observation on account of her critical condition.

3)        Apparently the solution to this complicated technical problem is even beyond the wits of the skilled technicians.

4)   No two zebras are alike in the details of their black and white lines though they all seem to have the same appearance.

5)   I'm really bugged by her persistent complaining about her routine life, soaring prices, the polluted surroundings, and the like.

4.   1) Charlotte has just finished a piece of fiction for the science column of a local weekly

newspaper.'lt is about a group of extraterrestrials with keen wits and great strength. They can solve complicated problems and knock down buildings effortlessly. And their appear­ance on Earth changes the whole mode of life of human beings.

2)       To my father, retirement doesn't mean isolating himself from society. As a veteran doctor, he has worked out a plan to promote the health of the public and makes supreme efforts to fulfil it. On account of his superb medical capability and kindness, he is respected by old and young alike in the community.

3)       Mike's mother is really bugged by her son's attitude to learning. When she is keeping an eye on him, he makes like he is going over his class notes. Once he is left alone, he will

112-

Appendix 1

either be hooked on computer games or simply go to bed. Maybe it is time she adopted a more effective approach to his education.

II. Usage

1. high

3. deep

5. steady

2. easy

4. real

6. funny

III. Word Formation

Abbreviation

Full Term

Chinese Meaning

WTO

World Trade Organization

世界贸易组织

GDP

gross domestic product

国内生产总值

ATM

automated teller machine

自动出纳机

VAT

value-added tax

增值税

CAD

computer aided design

计算机辅助设计

IT

information technology

信息技术

IDD

international direct dial

国际直拨电话

MTV

musical television

音乐电视

radar

radio detecting and ranging

雷达

IOC

International Olympic Committee

国际奥委会

VIP

laser

very important person

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

大人物

激光

CPU

central processing unit

中央处理器

■

Structure

1.  1) Bernard was believed to have been killed in a car-bomb attack a year and a half ago.

2)        As a freshman, Jane is so curious about university life that she wants to be involved in all kinds of campus activities.

3)        What worries us most is that little seems to have been done to remedy the trade deficit.

4)   He got to the railway station only to be told that the train had already left.

Appendix   I     -113-

2.  1) His opponent having gained a lead of almost 60,000 votes, the candidate publicly admitted that he had lost his election bid.

2)    All the guests having left his house, the host kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the couch.

3)         His voice (being) almost drowned by the big noise from the audience, the speaker had to stop his lecture.

4)    The roads being wet and slippery after the heavy rain, I drove very carefully.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. deputy

3. on account of

5. go over

7. nationality

9. locality

11. garbage

(B)

1. with

3. at

5. from

7. However

9. figured/found

11. conducted

13. at

15. but

17. so

2. complicated

4. caught sight of

6.  appearance

8.  isolated

10. organization

12. leave... alone

2.  buried / drowned / lost

4.  away

6.  sign

8.  later

10. aliens

12. None

14. times

16. like

II. Translation                                                                                                      <

The extraterrestrial has been a topic of interest to experts and laymen / nonprofessionals alike. Researchers of various nationalities and organizations are adopting different modes of in­vestigation in search of extraterrestrials. Some make a close observation of stars with extremely high levels of rare, radioactive elements. They believe those elements have resulted from extrater-

- 114 -             Appendix   I

restrial technology that is still beyond human wits to understand. Some try to isolate radio signals from the "noise" of the universe. And some claim that they have caught sight of extraterrestrials and can even describe their appearance in detail. Researchers work up the complicated data they collect into a series of reports and books. Although no definite answer has yet been found, the explorers' hope shows no sign of fading out on account of their frustrations and they hold to the belief that their hard efforts will prove worthwhile.

Part III Text B

Comprehension Check

l.d 3. c 5. b

2. d 4. b 6. c

Translation

(#JE Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. detect

3. take ... for granted

5. orbiting

7. in connection with

9. existence

11. For one thing

13. in the process of 15. disposed of

 17. true of

19. For instance

2. reliable / stable

4. stable

6. in theory

8. evolution

10. capable

12. in other words

14. endure

16. is apt to

18. universe

20. in particular

Appendix  1     -115-

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

Pressing Problems on Our Planet I Wish to Discuss with Extraterrestrials

Since the visitors could travel such long distances from Venus to our planet, their society must be far better developed and advanced than ours. Therefore, why not, I think, take advantage of their visit and ask for their advice about how to solve some of the most pressing problems we confront here on earth?

The number one issue on my list is global warming which is said to be caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. According to the World Meteorological Organization, global warming could increase the Earth's average surface temperature by as much as 5° F(3° C) by 2070. Such a warm planet would lead to a sea-level rise of 6 to 38 inches and consequently would give rise to more floods or droughts, which in turn could finally empty our breadbaskets.

Another urgent issue is the rapid exhaustion of the earth's natural resources.

Nowadays human society, especially in the developed countries, is what we might call a "throw-away" society. Lunch boxes, beverage containers, chopsticks, or even cameras, are just disposed of as garbage after being used only once. It is reported that to produce 100,000 pairs of chopsticks consumes as many as 17 full-grown trees. Yet to grow a tree of considerable size usually takes tens of years. Unfortunately we have grown used to all this without so much as bothering to ask our­selves: Are there inexhaustible natural resources on Earth for us to waste like this generation after generation?

These are the things that worry me most. Do our extraterrestrial visitors have the same prob­lems as we do? Could they show us how to solve them?

(269 words)

- 116 -        Appendix   I

Unit 5

. ■ ■                                                                                                                     ■■

Part I  Pre-Reading Task

Script for the recording:

To begin with, let's listen to a song called There 's No Place Like Home for the Holidays.

There's No Place Like Home for the Holidays

Perry Como

On, there's no place like home for the holidays 'Cause no matter how far away your roam If you long lor the sunshine and a friendly gaze For the holidays you can't heat home sweet home

I met a man who lived in Tennessee                                                 t

And he was looking for

Pennsylvania and some homemade pumpkin pie

Now in Pennsylvania folks are traveling

Down to Dixie's sunny shore

The Atlantic to Pacific

Ok, the season is terrific

Oh, there's no place like home for the holidays

For the holidays you can't heat home sweet home

Perry Como has a very fine, silky voice. Just the sort of voice one needs for a sentimental song full of familiar phrases such as "there's no place like home" and "home sweet home". It sounds as if he is singing about Thanksgiving, as he sings of "homemade pumpkin pie", a traditional dish for the Thanksgiving holiday. Thanksgiving for Americans is much like the Spring Festival for us, a time when families try to get back together. In America people often travel many miles to get back to their

Appendix   I       -117-

hometown, whether it's from north to south, "Pennsylvania ... down to Dixie" (Dixie is a traditional name for the American South) or from east to west, "the Atlantic to Pacific."

Part II Text A

Text Organization

l.

- It6 -          Appendix  I

Vocabulary

I.   1.   1) sprinkled                                        2) in turn

3)  reversed                                          4) repay

5)  at sea                                               6) on your behalf

7) statement                                         8) specific

9) got to                                               10) in secret

11) unloaded                                         12) accord

13) weep                                               14) quote

15) under way

2.   1) came across                                     2) make out

3) hope for                                            4) turns (it) over

5) put away                                            6) brings back

7) got to                                                 8) go about

3.   1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar

energy.

2)        Happiness will never come to those who fail to appreciate what they already have.

3)        While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.

4)   Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.

5)        Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.

4.  1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-

being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.

2)   After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta­tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence.

3)        Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years.

II. Collocation

1, fond of                                                 2. sick of

3. thoughtful of                                         4. confident of

Appendix  I      - 119 -

5. conscious of                                         6. critical of

7. guilty of                                                8. uncertain of

-III. Usage

1.         To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.

2.         It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.

3.         Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.

4.    I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.

5.    Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.

Structure

1.1) Fifty years ago it was taken for granted that marriage was the goal of every young woman's inmost thought, and the aim for her of her father and mother.

2)    Most young people take tap water for granted because they've never lived without it.

3)         I'd always seen them together and just took it for granted that they were married.

4)    It is a very common phenomenon among people that the first gift is regarded with affection and the second is taken for granted.

2.  1) The 1980s saw the start of the development of some special economic zones in China.

2)   The past decade has seen the release of many films, some of them good, some of them bad, and a few of them very brilliant.

3)        The last 100 years have seen the material wealth of humankind explode beyond all previous imagining.

4)   We have been at your service for five years. The future will see us developing new ideas and plans to suit more of your needs.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1) at sea                                                   2) Turning over

3) reverse                                                 4) got to

5)  repay                                                   6) gratitude
7) appreciated                                          8) assembled

- 120 -       Appendix  I

II. Translation

Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

l.c                                                                2. b

3. d                                                              4. a

5. c

Translation

(#J& Appendix III)

Appendix   I    - 121 -

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

Dear Dad,

It's Thanksgiving and of course my thoughts are turning home to you. Looking out over the ocean I find myself thinking about how much I owe to you. Yet I have never got round to telling you just how thankful I feel towards you for all you have done for me. There are so many things, I don't know where to start and would never get to the end once I begin. But if I had to pick just one thing it would perhaps be the love of books and reading I learnt from you. Those after-dinner quizzes at the table about the books we had just read and the new words we had picked up, I can see them in my mind's eye as if it were yesterday. Not many are as lucky in their father as I am. So, simply, thank you.

Your loving son,

Alex

- 122 -        Appendix  I

Dear Rev. Nelson,

I am writing this on board my ship. It is Thanksgiving. My thoughts have been turning to all those who have done so much for me in the past and how I have never taken the time to thank them properly. Naturally, you were among the first to come to mind. You were, quite simply, the very best teacher a child could wish for. You gave us so many different gifts, but, if I were forced to choose one, then it would be your morning prayers at assembly at the start of each day. Whatever positive things I have done since can often be traced to the impression left by those prayers. For that guidance and all the other things I was lucky enough to learn from you, I shall always be in your debt.

Your affectionate student,

Alex Haley

Dear Grandma,

Here I am, on board my ship, and a thousand miles away from your wonderful cooking on Thanksgiving! Standing here at the rail, looking out at the sunset, I've been turning the meaning of Thanksgiving around in my mind and come up with the idea that it is just the time to be giving thanks to those we owe them to. And who better to start with than you? How could I have grown up without your help? You always found just the right way of showing me with those wonderful stories of yours the importance of telling the truth, of sharing and forgiving, of being considerate of others. Quite simply, you sprinkled my life with Stardust. Thank you.

Love

.       •                                                       {                                                                                                                                                            ... ■■

Alex

Unit 6

Part i  Pre-Reading Task

Script for the recording:

The song you are about to hear was first performed at a concert given to raise money to fight against poverty in Africa. Its message is simple, "There are people dying and it is time to help, to lend a hand. It's no use pretending that someone somewhere will do it for us. So let's start giving to those with less than ourselves." The message is clear. The song sings that we are all of us, everyone in the world, part of one great big family. We should care for one another, because, as the song says,

We are the world...

We are the ones

Who make a brighter day.

Now here is the song:

We Are the World

Michael Jackson

There conies a time

When we heard a certain call,

When the world

Must come together as one.

There are people dying;

And it's time to lend a hand to life,

The greatest girt of all.

We can't go on pretending day by day

That someone somewhere will soon

Make a change.

- 124 -             Appendix  I

We are the part

Of God's great big family.

And the truth you know,

Love is ail we need.

We are the world,

We are the children,

We are the ones

Who mate a brighter day.

So let's start giving.

There's a choice we are making,

We are saving our own lives.

It's true we'll mate a better day,

Just you and me.

Send them your heart

So they'll know that someone cares

And their life

Will be stronger and free.

As God has shown us,

By turning stones to bread

So we all must lend a helping hand.

When you're down and out,

There seems no hope at all.

But if you just believe,

There's no way we can fall.

Let us realize

That a change can only come

When we started together as one.

■

Part II Text A

Text Organization

1.  1) She made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell.

2) She decided not to give up her life.

Appendix   I

-125

3)         Behrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy's state of mind, risked death to paint the last leaf and save her.                                    

4)         Because it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the real thing.

i [\

2-                                                                        .2S:

Vocabulary

I.  1. 1) flutter/fluttering         2) acute

3) cling to              4) streaming

5) fancy                6) mock                            

7) fierce                8) masterpiece

9) nonsense                                 10) bare

11) subtracted                              12) victim

13) Sin                                     14) look the part

15) for the rest

^: •

■

-126

Appendix   I

2.          1) gave in/gave up                                 2) figure out

3) sized up                         4) wiped out                                           5) pulling up                       6) wear away

7) sit up                                                 8) hear of / about

3.          1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories.

2)        According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a joint bachelor's degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University.

3)        The new government is less oppressive, but violence still stalks the country.

4)   There is scarcely any surface water in the desert.

5)        The demand for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it.

4.  1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell

of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night!

2)        Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stop singing. I didn't realize why until Sally told me in a whisper: " You are not in tune with the group!"

3)        The angry wife poured a bucket of water over her drunken husband, who was immedi­ately wet through and stumbled backward: " You can't do without drinks? I won't hear of any excuses. You certainly don't need it to turn loose your tongue!"

■

II. Words with Multiple Meanings

1.         He went to Paris on business last month.

2.         The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m.

3.         As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.

4.    We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains.

5.         Let's go and have a drink in the bar.

6.         The store is going to close up soon.

7.         South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter­finals.

8.         When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.

■

III. Usage

1. a little white wooden house

2.         long, curly red hair

3.         a large old round table

4.         a cheap Indian restaurant

5.         a huge cool chocolate ice-cream

6.         rapid technological advance

7.         a handsome young Chinese American

Struclurc

1.  1) The kitchen smells of burnt rubber.