Appendix I

Key to Exercises (Units 1-8)

Unit 1

Part I  Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

Have you ever heard of the pop singer, John Lennon?  Here he is singing a song he wrote for his son. It's called Beautiful Boy.

Close your eyes

Have no rear

The monster s tone

He's on the run and your daddy's here

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy

Before you go to sleep Say a little prayer

1   John Lennon (1940-1980): First became famous as a singer and guitarist in the Beatles, a British rock group, writing many of their most successful hits. Later he left the group, but continued to be popular as a singer and songwriter.

66 -            Appendix  I

Every day in every way

It's getting better and better

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Out on the ocean sailing away            I can hardly wait                     To see you come of age

But I guess we’ll both just have to be patient ‘Cause it's a long way to go A bard row to hoe   Yes it's a long way to go

But in the meantime

Before you cross the street

Take my band

Life is what happens to you

While you're busy making other plans

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy

Before you go to sleep Say a little prayer Every day in every way It's getting better and better

1  A hard row to hoe: To hoe is to use a special farming tool, a hoe, to clear small weeds and break up the surface of the soil. The row referred to is a row of plants.

Appendix   I       - $9 -

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy             Darling, darling, darling     Darling Sean

You've just heard John Lennon singing a lullaby to his son Sean. A lullaby is a song we sing to help babies to go to sleep. So he tells Sean "Close your eyes, have no fear, your Daddy's here." Then he looks into the future. He sees his son setting out on life's adventure:

Out on the ocean sailing away

And he can hardly wait to see his son grow up, to reach eighteen when he comes of age and celebrates becoming an adult. But he knows they'll both have to be patient

Cause it'a long way to go A hard row to hoe

Growing up can be difficult. At times it can, as we say, be a hard row to hoe. It's a phrase we use to describe any difficult task.

But if growing up is sometimes hard, it is also full of surprises. Things happen when we least expect them:

Lire is what happens to you

While you're busy making other plans

I think you'll find the stories you are going to read in this unit show that John Lennon was right: growing up can be quite an adventure, full of the unexpected.

As for John Lennon, sadly he never did live to see his son grow up and come of age, for John was shot dead by a madman in New York while Sean was still only five years old.

- 90 -         Appendix   I

Part II Text A

Text organization l.

2.

Appendix   I        - 91 -

Vocabulary

I. 1.   1) arguments                           2) put ... down

3) sequence                                   4) rigid

5) tedious                                  6) hold back

7) reputation                              8) distribute

9) off and on                                10) vivid

11) associate ... with                12) congratulations

13) finally                              14) turn in/turn out
15) tackle

2.     1) George has       been assigned to the newspaper's Paris office.

2)    There is a possibility that his wish to become a writer will come true.

3)    She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty years' time.

4)    When the officer gave the command the soldiers opened fire.

5)    As long as people keep buying bikes we'll keep turning them out.

3.     1) Mr. Green is very dull as a lecturer. He's rigid and old fashioned, and doesn't seem to have

the faintest idea of how to inspire. I always get bored with / by his lectures.

2)    Alan's essays are long and tedious to read. What's more, his arguments are often based on out of date ideas.

3)    I was pleasantly surprised at my ability to compose an essay that the professor chose to read to the class. It was without doubt one of the happiest moments in my school career, but I did my best to avoid showing pleasure. When the professor offered me his congratu­lations, however, I could hardly hold back a smile.

II.   Synonyms in Context

1. composed                                                2. severe

3. agony                                                      4. extraordinary

5. recall                                                        6. command

7. was violating                                             8. anticipate

III.  Collocation

1. at                                                            2. for

3. of                                                            4. with

5. as                                                            6. about

7. to                                                             8. in, in

- 92 -       Appendix  I

9. from                                                      10. on/upon

Structure

1.   1) Russell Baker is reported to live today with his wife in Virginia.

2)          They are said to be building another bridge across the river.

3)          Only a few students in Mr. Parker's composition class are said to have really captured the essence of the essay.

4)    Those love poems were believed to have been composed by an English poet of the sixteenth century.

2.   1) as you suggested

2)  as I told you to

■

3)   exactly as I was

4)   as you have described them to me

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. hold back

3. tedious

5. recall

7. arguments

9. turn out/turn in

(B)

1. that

3. black

5. at

7. different

9. On

11. answer

13. wrong

15. Thus

II. Translation

Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn't know how to face

Appendix   I    - 93 -

up to the fact that she would never ( be able to) walk again.

One day, while scanning (through ) books, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired. Susan made up her mind to read as much as she could, and what's more, she wanted to write stories about her own childhood. Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life.

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

l.b                                                                     2. a

3. c                                                                     4. c

5.b                                                                     6. c

Translation

(参见 Appendix HI)

Language Practice

1. on purpose

3. comprises

5. assumed

7. generally

9. represent

11. voluntary

13. motioned

15. decent

Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

A memorable Experience

On the morning of the college entrance test I rode a bike to the school where I would take the

- 94 -       Appendix   I

examination.

Less than halfway between my house and the school, disaster struck. My bike hit a nail and the
front tyre went flat. I pushed the bike along the streets, looking for a repair shop. Minutes passed but
still there was none to be found. When I looked at my watch, I went wild with worry: there were
only fifteen minutes left before the examination began, and the nearest bus stop was a long way off.
Not knowing what to do, I stood still by the side of the road, tears welling up in my eyes. Then a car
pulled in and I heard a voice asking what the matter was. When he heard my story, the driver offered
me a lift. Thank to his kindness, I arrived just in time. And so here I am today. ( 157 words)

              Unit 2

Part I  Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

Just what are friends for? To have fun with, of course, to share in the good times. Yet most people would say that a real friend is more than just a fair weather friend. A fair weather friend? A fair weather friend is someone who's happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives, while a good friend, a true friend, is one who'll stand by you when you find yourself in difficulties. That's certainly what the American pop singer Dionne Warwick thinks. As she tells her friend

...   you can always count on me,      For sure, that's what friends are for,     For good times, an bad times,          I’ 11 be on your side forevermore.

But she sings it better than I can say it. So let's listen to her as she sings her song That's What Friends Are For.

Appendix  I         - 95 -

That's What Friends Are For

Dionne Warwick

And I never thought I'd reel this way And as far as I'm concerned I'm glad I got the chance to say

That I do believe I love you

And if I should ever go away,

Well, then close your eyes and try,

To feel the way we do today,                                           /

And then if you can remember,

Keep smiling, keep shining,

Knowing you can always count on me,

For sure, that's what friends are for,

For good times> and had times,

I'll he on your side forevermore,

That's what friends are for.

Well, you came and opened me

And now there's so much more I see

And so by the way, I thank you

And then for the times we're apart,

Well, then close your eyes and know

These words are coming from my heart

And then it you can remember,

Keep smiling, keep shining,

Knowing you can always count on me,

For sure, that's what friends are for,

For good times, and had times,

I'll he on your side forevermore,

That' s what friends are for,

Keep smiling, keep shining,

Knowing you can always count on me,

For sure that's what friends are for,

For good times, and had times,

I'll he on your side forevermore,

- 9t© -         Appendix  I

That's what mends are tor, Keep smiling, keep shining, Knowing you can always count on me, For sure, that's what friends are tor. For good times, and bad times, I'll be on your side forevermore, That' s what friends are for.

Part II Text A

Points for Discussion

1. a) He sounded as if he had a cold or something.

b)   "Thanks," I said, "but I don't want to read your mail. That's pretty personal."

c)    ... the first sentence reminded me of myself: "I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it."

d)        It then went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood.

e)         He shook his head: "Time."

f)    "This is a good part here," I said. "Where it says, your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that." I found myself nodding in agreement. "That must have made you feel good, didn't it?"

g)    "I know I'd like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend."

lext Organization

1.  1) The story begins with the cab driver reading a letter.

2)        The letter Tom wrote to his friend Ed.

3)        Their conversation was centered on the lifelong friendship between the driver and Old Ed.

4)        The author got to learn more about their friendship by reading the letter himself.

2.

Parts              Paragraphs                                    Main Ideas

Part One          Paras 1-20         From a conversation with the cab driver the author learned

how much he regretted failing to keep up correspondence

Appendix  I     - 97 -

Vocabulary

I.   1.    1) absolutely

3) every now and then

5) destination

7) mostly

9) right away

11) or something

13) went by

15) keep in touch

2.    1) It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.

2)       He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.

3)       She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.

4)       Something has come up and I am afraid I won't be able to accomplish the project on time.

5)       The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.

3.    1) A couple of flights at Pudong Airport were postponed this morning because of the awful

weather. It is estimated that over one thousand passengers were held up.

2)   My professor assigned me some reference books on computers to read. Unfortunately they are not available in our school library. I am kind of worried about it.

3)        Michael is not much of a teacher. He often skips from one subject to another so it is difficult for his students to follow him. Besides he just lets them go ahead with exercises without making sure they have understood what they are expected to do.

II. Collocation

1. to                                                            2. for

3. at                                                           4. from

5. in                                     *                     6. to

7. on                                                           8. with

- 9$ -            Appendix   I

III. Usage

1. more or less                                              2. kind of/sort of

3. Something                                               4. kind of/sort of

5. more or less                                              6. or something

Structure

1.    1) may/might as well watch

2)    may/might as well pour out

3)    may/might as well walk

4)    may/might as well buy

2.   1) She looks as if she is worried about it.

2)    It smells as if it is fresh.

3)    It sounds as if it is Chinese.

4)    It feels as if it is made of silk.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. choked up

3. practically

5. correspondence

7. destination

9. Mostly

11. absolutely

(B)

1. how

3. but

5. to

7. reply/answer

9. asking

11.touch

13. pieces

15. check

Appendix   I    - 99 -

II. Translation

It is not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away. This is certainly true in my case.

It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. I've been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just don't seem to find the time. Now I have kind of lost touch with them. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in future.

Part III Text B

Comprehension Check

l.d

3. a 5. c 7. d

2. b 4. d 6. d

Translation

(参见 Appendix III)

language Practice

1. stuff

3. dragging

5. get rid of

7. was peering/peered 9. swung

11. extent

13. draw on

15. Worse still

2. uneasy

4. highlight

6. despair

8.soaked

10. in good shape

12. rescue

14. let... down

- 100 -            Appendix   I

Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

Old Friend,

I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it. You know what I'm like, always putting things off till tomorrow. And writing was never my strong point. But looking out the window just now at the kids playing outside reminded me of when we were their age. All sorts of memories, like the time Tim Shea broke the window, the Halloween that we tied Old Mr. Parker's gate, and when Mrs. Culver used to keep us after school, came flooding back. What a great time we spent hanging out together. Come to think of it, time was just about all we did have to spend in those days.

But time flies. I began the letter with "Old Friend" because that's what we've become over the years—old friends. And there aren't many of us left. Which makes those who are all the more precious. You in particular. Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that.

Anyway, we've been out of touch for far too long. So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you. We really must try to get together soon. Why not come to visit? You know you're always welcome.

Your Old Friend,
Tom
PS If you see Tim Shea remind him he never did replace that ball of mine he broke the window
with!                                                                                                                    (245 words)

Appendix   I        - 101 -

Unit 3

Part I  Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

This unit begins with an article on science. Before you read it, let me tell you something about its author, Stephen Hawking.

Hawking is perhaps the most well-known scientist since Einstein. Like Einstein his work tackles the big questions, questions such as How did the universe begin? Why is the universe the way it is? and How will it end? He is now working on what is sometimes known as the 'theory of everything.' Among other things, this promises to explain what caused the Big Bang that started the universe.

But it is not simply the power of Hawking's mind that has led to his fame. For what many people find most striking about him is the contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body. For for many years Hawking has suffered from an illness that has left him unable to move and to speak normally.

Born in England in 1942, Hawking had a normal childhood, and it was not until he was a student at university that his illness started to affect him. Hospital tests showed he was suffering from a disease that weakens control over the muscles. The disease gets worse with time and there is no known cure. But Hawking did not lose heart. As he says, "although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life more than before. I began to make progress with my research, and I got engaged to a girl called Jane Wilde. That engagement changed my life. It gave me something to live for."

Hawking started research at Cambridge and went on to hold the same post that another great scientist, Newton, once held. Over the years his condition has worsened, but even when he finally lost the ability to speak, he managed to get round the problem. He now uses a computer that enables him to select words which are then turned into speech. "The only trouble," the English scientist says, "is that it gives me an American accent!"

- 102 -            Appendix   I

Part II Text A

Text Organization

2.   1) The importance of the teaching of science in schools.

2) The role mass media can play, especially what television can do.

Vocabulary

inquired

in terms of

tend

precise

grasped

sufficient

convey

in two minds

Winning the match today has ensured their team a place in the Cup Final. Susan was not informed of the reasons why she was dismissed. These computer games entertain as well as educate the learner. No living thing can do without air and water. The election is likely to be held in June.

The film's appeal lies in not only the entertainment it provides to the audience but also the questions it raises about the possible contact between human beings and alien civilizations.

2)   The decision on the new project is made on the basis of scientific study. The project is

Appendix   I      - 103 -

likely to succeed despite the fact that we do not have sufficient funds at the moment.

3)  True it is hard to make accurate predictions (预言), but the steady growth of the informa­tion industry ensures that this line of products will be highly profitable.

II. Prefixation

1. regained

3. undersupplied

5. precondition

7. mispronounced

2. undecided 4. disabled

6. foresight

8. enrich

III. Antonyms

3)  increased

5)  local

7)  wrong

2) accepted

4) weaknesses

 6) late

 8) false

Structure

1)          My income is now twice as much as I used to earn two years ago.

2)    I am wearing only half as much as I usually do because of the warm weather.

3)    If you had spent half as much time on your studies as your elder sister did, you could have made the honor roll.

4)    I could eat/could have eaten as much again if the doctor had not told me to go on a diet.

1)          As is shown by the growth rate of GDP in the last two decades, China's reform and open policy is a great success.

2)    As is predicted by some newspapers, there will be a substantial cut in tax on imported cars in

- 104 -        Appendix   1

the coming year.

3)   As is proved by the records, China's human rights situation has been steadily improving over the years.

4)   The failure of the joint venture was not, as was assumed by outsiders, because of lack of capital, but because of poor management.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

II. Translation

It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then only a small proportion of the population en­joyed some comforts. The majority didn't even have sufficient food, not to speak of/let alone the privilege of being educated. However, many people blame modern technology for the problems it has created. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back. The best we can do is to make informed decisions as to the direction in which technology is to develop.

Appendix   I

105

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

l.d

3. a 5. c 7. b

2. b

4. c

6. a

Translation

(参见 Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. outcome

3. yield

5. worn down

7. amount

9. proposed

11. Somehow

13. process

15. challenges

2. frustrating

4. Failure

6. conclusions

8. professional 10. evaluating 12. bulk

14. step by step

Part IV   Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

How Science Changes Our Lives

Science has certainly changed our lives, bringing benefits to some and hardships to others. Computers, for example, have provided some with the comfort of working from home while at the same time throwing others out of work as their jobs are automated. In the future changes are likely to be even much greater as science reaches out to shape life itself. New organisms (有机体) are already being engineered. New genetically modified crops promise benefits from higher yields and less use of harmful chemicals.

But once again we cannot be sure that science will only change our lives for the better. The possibility remains that some modern Frankenstein may carelessly or deliberately let loose a new and

- 106-          Appendix   I

dangerous form of life. However, we should have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to
believe that we could prevent this from happening.                                                        (146 words)

Unit 4

Part I  Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

What you are about to hear is an interview with Dr Lee Hertz, the director of a scientific laboratory in Stanford University, California.

Interviewer: Dr. Hertz:

Interviewer: Dr. Hertz:

Interviewer: Dr. Hertz:

Interviewer: Dr. Hertz: Interviewer: Dr. Hertz:

Interviewer:

What does the expression the American Dream mean to you?

I guess in one way it's the dream of my grandparents. They turned their backs

on poverty in Poland and set out with high hopes for a new life in America.

So the American Dream means getting out of poverty?

Then it did. However, when they got to America, they realized that the dream

wasn't going to happen, that the streets were not paved with gold and they had

to struggle to make a living. So the dream became the chance for their children

to succeed.

Through?

Through hard work and giving their kids an education. They thought that through

education their children would have the choice of doing what they wanted. That

basically life could be what you made it.

And do you believe that?

Well, America does give some people the opportunity to be what they want to be.

Why just some people? Isn't the American Dream an idea everyone can believe in?

Yes, but only because our government wants us to believe it. You could say that

the American Dream has been used to support the capitalist system. It keeps

most of the population working and spending their money.

How?

Appendix   I

107-

Dr. Hertz:

Interviewer: Dr. Hertz:

Well, all the time TV shows that the dream of a good life can be reached through money. Advertising tells you to buy and buy so that finally you will get there and the dream will come true.

So you're saying it's the dream that makes the system work? Yes, because people become gripped by the need to move up in the world, they have to reach the top. They are never satisfied with what they have. The Ameri­can Dream is at the end of the rainbow. It's not simply about having enough money to buy the things you need. It's about reaching the level of all the other people who have the money to buy more than you can afford. The American Dream may be in your head, but to find it you have to reach into your pocket.

Part II Text A

Text Organization

Main Events

1)         Tony worked as a help at Mr. Crawford's house.

2)    Tony got a job clearing snow at Mr. Crawford's factory.

3)    Tony learned to become a skilled worker.

4)    Tony bought a house with Mr. Crawford's help.

5)    Tony bought a farm and sent for his family in Italy.

Vocabulary

I. 1.1) wreck

3) approaching

2) balance 4) handle

- 106 -         Appendix   1

5) discard                                                         6) have worked out

7) Above all                                                      8) passed away

9) diet                                                            10) do with

11) confidence                                                  12) cleaned up

13) property                                                      14) weekly

15) amuse

2. 1) Efforts to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all people in the sunken ship had died.

2)    I was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job to travel around the world.

3)    Her request for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.

4)    The home network system on display was found to be very helpful in freeing people from trivial housework.

5)    Nothing will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.

3.1) You can spend hours wandering around the department stores, leisurely inspecting the items for sale, or hunting for some antiques along the sidewalks, where you'll most likely be amazed by the variety of things on display.

2)    The local government encourages laid-off workers to learn another trade and become skilled workers. Besides, it has done a lot to help solve their financial troubles by creating re­employment opportunities and by providing business startup loans.

3)    For years, the farmer had built up a reputation for kindness by calling on his needy neighbors and trying to be helpful. He was very much respected in the neighborhood and hundreds attended his funeral when he passed away.

II.  Confusable Words

1.           1) personal                                                    2) personnel

2.     1) sometime                                                  3) some time

   2) Sometimes                                                4) sometime

III.  Euphemism

l.d                                                                    2. e

3.  h                                                                  4. c
5.g                                                                   6. a
7. b                                                                  8.f

Appendix   1       - 109

Structure

1.1) Every day, the kids came home from school dusty and hungry.

2) The newly-appointed director walked to his office cheerful and confident.

3) Ben hurried home, anxious to watch the football league game on TV.

4) Jenny opened the door quietly, afraid of waking the baby up. 2, 1) "... snow pretty soon,"

Correction: "... it's going to snow pretty soon,"

2)  "When winter come, you give me job clearing snow at the factory."

Correction: "When winter comes, please give me the job of clearing snow at the factory."

3)  "I like a buy a house." Correction: "I'd like to buy a house."

4) "Mr. Craw, I sell my house!"

Correction: "Mr. Crawford, I've sold my house!"

5)  "Mr. Craw, I buy a farm."

Correction: "Mr. Crawford, I've bought a farm."

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

-110-              Appendix   I

II. Translation

After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony puts great emphasis on the importance of creating. rather than waiting for opportunities.

Part III Text B

Comprehension Check

l.a

3. c

5. a

2. c 4. d 6. d

Translation

(参见Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. appointed

3. hardship

5. fulfill

7. take advantage of

9. was motivated

11. afterward

13. surroundings

15. obtain

2. divorced

4. have come up with

6. opportunity

8. be threatening 10. Assure

12. sacrifice

14. soared

Appendix   I       -111-

Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

My Sister Liz

Some people are born lucky, some are not. And I believe my sister Liz falls into the first ca­tegory.

She has a beautiful smile which makes her popular among friends. When she does something
bad, she smiles her smile and my parents are no longer angry. She eats a lot and never seems to get
any fatter. Her favorite food is hamburger, French fries, and ice cream. She does not study hard but
always gets good grades. After school she does her homework in five minutes while watching
television at the same time. Once she went to a party until very late, completely forgetting about an
important exam the next day. For the first time she became quite worried. Early the next morning,
however, an unexpected snowstorm forced the school to cancel class that day, and of course the
exam was cancelled along with classes. Liz is just that sort of lucky person.                     (152 words)

Unit 5

Part I Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

Everywhere the whole world over people have always felt that music and romance go together. As Shakespeare said, music is the food of love. And so, as we have two love stories for you to read, what better way to start than with a love song? Here, then, is Martina McBride singing to her Valentine.

Valentine

Martina McBride

Ii there were no words

No way to speak

I would, still near you

-112-          Appendix   I

Ii there were no tears No way to reel inside I'd still reel for you

And even ii the sun refused to shine

Even if romance ran out or rhyme

You would still have my heart until the end or time

You're all I need, my love, my \fclentine

All of my life

I nave teen waiting for you

All you give to me

You've opened my eyes

And shown me how to love unselfishly

I've dreamed of this a thousand times before

But in my dreams I couldn't love you more

I will give you my heart

Until the end of time

You're all I need, my love, my Valentine

And even if the sun refused to shine Even if romance ran out of rhyme You would still have my heart until the end of time Cause all I need is you, my Valentine You're all I need, my love, my Valentine

PART II    Text A

Text Organization

1.  1) Para 2   His interest in her had begun twelve months before in a Florida library.

2)        Para 7    I'll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened.

3)        Para 16   It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom.

Appendix   I        -118-

Vocabulary

i.  1.1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

2.  1

2

3

4

5

3.     1

2

3

fertile

straightens

overseas

slim

sustained

grateful

more than a little

keen

The extent of the human body's response to a drug depends on the amount taken.

Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.

A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.

I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn't hear Martin come in.

The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.

During the 1880s, several black colleges were founded in the U.S. to broaden educational

opportunities for black students and help them make their way in the world.

Joy Warren was grateful to the five rescuers for saving her three children from the sinking

car in response to her cry for help.

"The food at this hotel disgusts me. Why not dine at the restaurant across the street?"

"Well, we haven't reserved a table, but we'll take a chance on its not being full."

II. Usage

1. 1) frightened

2) afraid / frightened

2. 1) alike / similar 2) similar

3. 1) alive

4. 1) sleeping

-114-           Appendix   I

2) living                                                             2) asleep

III. Word Family

1.1)  disappointed                                               2. 1) attractive

2)     disappointment                                             2) attract

3)     disappointing                                                3) attraction

4)     disappoint                                                    4) attractively

5)     disappointingly                                              5) unattractively

6)     disappointing                                                6) unattractive

Structure

1.    1) Europa is one of Jupiter's four bright satellites, all named after characters in Greek mythology.

2)    The woman stood over there, her graying hair pinned up under a worn hat.

3)    The tourist bus rolled south, the fields it passed green with newly planted rice.

4)    The principal stormed into the noisy classroom, his face black with anger.

2.    1) Please sit down for a moment, and I'll tell the manager you're here.

2)     Drop a stone into a smooth lake, and the surface will be covered with circular waves moving outward from the center.

3)     Bring the flowers into a warm room, and they'll soon open.

4)     Arrive late once more, and you're fired.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1) identifying

3) margins

5) corresponding

7) more than a little

 9) grateful

11) response

(B) 1) before

3) believed/thought

5) Nor/Neither

7) did

9) that/it

11) Jenny/she 13) and

15) had

17) but

8) letter 10) the

12) could 14) with 16) table

II. Translation

Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others. Previous to / Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study . From then on he sent them money regularly. Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas. They often thought of Uncle Li and kept corresponding with him. Whenever he read their letters, Uncle Li's face would broaden into a smile. He felt this to be the most sensible investment in his life.

Part III Text B

Comprehension Check

l.b 3.d

5. c

2. c 4. b 6. d

Translation

(参见Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. identity

3. came across

5. goodness

7. hope for

9. erect

11. for sure

2. are forbidden

4. make out

6. relief

8. other than

10. clue(s)

12. is coming to an end

- 11 6 -       Appendix   I

13. knots                                                              14. exchange

15. match up to

Part IV   Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

A Memorable Meeting

It all took place in Lancaster one evening long ago. I had been looking for somewhere to learn Aikido, a Japanese form of self-defence. So one night I found myself entering a church hall where I had heard lessons took place. It was empty apart from a small frail-looking old man. He wore a workman's overall and I guessed he was the caretaker of the hall. We got chatting and I asked if this was where the Aikido club met. "Oh, yes," he replied, smiling. "They'll be along later."

And, sure enough, the members soon started to arrive. As they got changed, none, I noticed, wore the traditional black belt of the teacher. Who was it to be? Then he appeared. It was the same man I had earlier mistaken for the caretaker. Before long he was throwing around opponents twice his size with ease despite his age and slight build.

Over the years he taught me many lessons, but I shall never forget that first one —appearances
are deceptive!                                                                                                     (171 words)

Unit 6

Part I    Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

You might have heard of the American pop singer Michael Jackson. You're about to listen to him singing a song. Its title is Ben. Who's Ben? Listen to the song and see if you can guess.

Appendix  I      -117-

Ben, the two or us need look no more

We both round what we were looking for

With a friend to call my own

I'll never be alone

And you, my friend, will see

You've got a friend in me

(you ‘ve got a friend in me)

Ben, you're always running here and there

You reel you're not wanted anywhere

If you ever look behind

And don't like what you find

There's one thing you should know

You've got a place to go

(you've got a place to go)

I used to say "I" and "me"                Now it s  us , now it s we                   I used to say "I" and "me"                 Now it s "us", now it's "we                    Ben, most people would turn you away I don't listen to a word they say They don t see you as I do I wish they would try to I'm sure they'd think again If they had a friend like Ben (a friend)Like Ben (like Ben)Like Ben

So, who is Ben? Did you guess? It's an easy question if you've ever had a dog. For then you'll know how they always seem to be able to understand just how we feel, whether it's happy or sad. And if they don't really understand every word we say, it often seems as if they do. It's no surprise, then, that we talk about the dog as man's best friend. Michael Jackson clearly felt that way about Ben. But do animals really think and feel the way we do? What do you think?

- 11 & -           Appendix   I

Part II Text A

Text Organization

1. Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.

2.

Vocabulary

I. 1.1) maintaining

3) go (very) far

5) make a deal

7) wiped out

9) convince

11) encountered

13) assessed

15) envy

2. 1) There used to be a long / long-running controversy over whether the book should be pub­lished or not.

2)    Kate felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly.

3)    Something suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay.

4)    It's a miracle that she survived the air crash when it brought about 109 deaths.

Appendix   I        - 119 -

5) She is determined not to give in until they give her a pay rise. 3. 1) It is obvious that Sherman never thought Melati was so intelligent that she would deceive her.

2)        Scientists have undertaken various kinds of original research projects to explore animal intel­ligence, but they still can't reach an agreement on whether it exists or not.

3)   Lots of evidence convinced us/them/me/him/her that the lost ancient tunnel must have run right underneath the city, extending to the seashore.

II. Confusable Words

1. firstly

3. At first

5. first

7. at first

2. first, first

4. First/Firstly 6. First

8. first

III. Usage

Phrases

1. animal intelligence

2.     zoo keeper

3.     eye contact

4.     money supply

5.     killer whale

6.     baby whale

7.     family member

8.     sea turtle

In the phrase, the attributive noun indicates: whose

where

through what

of what

what kind

how old

of what

what kind/ where

Structure

1.    1) Scott arrived at the South Pole on January 18th, only to find that someone had got there before

him.

2)    They spent a lot of time negotiating for a pay increase, only to get fired.

3)         I got to the theater only to find that I had left the ticket at home.

4)    I went to this St. Valentine's party to have some fun only to discover that everyone there was my mother's age.

2.    1) Why pay so much for such a coat? You could have it at half of the price in the supermarket

near our house.

2) The central heating system seems to have gone wrong. Why not call the repairman to check it?

- 1 20 -       Appendix   I

3)         Why argue with him any more? He's made up his mind not to undertake this task.

4)    "I called and left a message for him several times but he never called back." "Why not try his mobile phone, then? "

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

II. Translation

When I was young I developed a keen interest in animals. So I often visited the zoo in my home town. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were kept in a huge iron cage at first, but later was released from it and put in a place called Tiger Hill. The hill was separated from the visitors by a very wide and deep ditch. What's more, it was also surrounded by a high iron fence along the ditch.

Twenty years later, I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find the Tiger Hill was still there but greatly extended. Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!

Appendix   I        - 121 -

Part III Text B

Comprehension Check

l.b

3.d

5. c

Translation

(参见Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. purchase

3. display

5. shed light on

7. typical

9. alarmed

11. pulled himself together

13. cautious

15. accompany

Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

Animal Intelligence as I See It

Are animals intelligent? It's a difficult question to decide.

Take the case of my dog, Sam. Whenever he does something wrong, eats the chocolates we left on the table, for example, Sam will hide. He clearly knows he has done wrong and is likely to get shouted at for it. Usually we find him hiding under one of the beds. Unfortunately, being a rather large dog, he can never fit all of him under, and so you can see the back half of him sticking out. Now, is he stupid enough to think "I can't see you, so you can't see me"? Or is he smart enough to be thinking, "I know you know I know you can see me. Isn't that funny?"

_

- 122 -         Appendix  I

That his tail is always wagging at such moments leads me to suspect the latter explanation is
nearer the truth.                                                                                                      (149 words)

Unit 7

Part I    Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording:

What does courage mean? It's difficult to explain but easy to recognize. One sure test is how one behaves in an emergency. I have a poem I'd like to read to you about this . It starts with a boy asking his father what courage means. It ends with his father being able to give him a clear answer after he has seen courage in action. The poem is called, quite simply,

Courage

Author unknown

One day my son asked me, Dad? What does courage mean: At first I simply answered, No fear or certain things.

Then in that same instant, I looked across the street, I saw my neighbors running, And jumped up from my seat.

As I ran out the front door,

I saw what had torn their lives,

The house that they had built and loved,

9i-em9r!T VI

Appendix  I         - 128

Was turning before my eyes.

We quickly called the firemen, And the minutes seemed like years, Then they came from everywhere, To battle our biggest fears.

They swiftly set up their weapons, And clad their armor in a flash, Then they faced the dragon, A monster of fire and ash.

They boldly rushed into the flames, To face the devil and pick a fight, Risking the very life they held, For another on that night.

No one was trapped inside that home, But a life may still be at stake, For they have seen many homes lost, And many hearts break.

So once again they tight their enemy, A war they can never win, for if they win the battle, The devil runs to burn again.

But while the devil was in that house, They walked into his lair, Facing his evil Talons, With water and a stare.

They saved my neighbor's home, And the houses all around, They then cleaned their weapons,

- 124 -            Appendix   I

Letting their armor fall to the ground.

It wasn't until the morning,

That I realized what all had taken place,

When I went into the house,

I saw the scar or the devil's race.

That is when I turned to my son, And answered his question again, Now a wiser man I said, When you think or courage, son, Think always or the firemen.

Part II Text A

Text Organization

i.

2.

Scenes        Paragraphs                             Main Events

Scene 1       Paras 14-27   Anthony jumped from the train, covered Todd, reached out

with one arm to grab Scott and pull him clear of the track. Then he pushed downward on the two children with all his strength.

Appendix   I    - 125 -

Scene 2       Paras 28-33   Anthony got Kate to call the police and ambulance. In the

meantime, he was holding Scott for fear that any movement could worsen the internal injuries he might have.

Vocabulary

I.   1.1) nearby                                                      2) signaled

3) resumed                                               4) spotted

5) instant                                                    6) exploded

7) swaying                                                  8) messing around

9) leaped                                                    10) grabbed

11) loose                                                     12) horror

13) punched                                               14) calculate

15) clear of

2.  1)  The comet is visible to the naked eye as a fuzzy ball in the western sky.

2)        Application papers may be sent via e-mail.

3)        The city government feeds and shelters the homeless children.

4)   He was warned by his brothers to keep clear of the street gang.

5)         I'd like to draw your attention to the fact that the students' enthusiasm about the project has cooled down.

3.  1) He struggled with the big rock lying in the middle of the road, lifted it with all his strength.

and got it out of the way just before the train flashed by with a full load of freight.

2)        Sam fell off the horse, injuring his back, twisting his left arm and scraping his knee. For­tunately, the back injury was not serious, and he recovered in two weeks. After the inci­dent. Sam never dared to mess around with the horses on the farm again.

3)        The driver pulled on the brake the instant he saw two kids jumping up and down on the road. But he knew that the car would not stop in time. In an effort to keep the car from injuring the kids, he swung left, and the car crashed into a big tree before coming to a stop.

II. Usage

1.         The sound of the engine became thunderous.

2.         He exploded: "Why didn't you tell me earlier!"

3.         The fireman sprang through the window into the room.

4.         He froze when he faced the audience.

5.         He stared at me in shock.

- 126 -          Appendix  I

6.     Every morning, the policeman on duty will see thousands of cars flash by.

7.     The plane crashed into the mountainside, killing all aboard.

III. Word Formation

1. possibility

3. amazement 5. widened

7. fulfillment

2. highly

4. violation

6. neighborhood

8. determination

Structure

1.           1) making

3) to ask

5) spending

7) to pay

2.     1) With Christmas only a week away

2)    With his physical condition improving day by day

3)    With our GDP growing steadily

4)    With all the shops closed

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. incident

3. instant

5. horror

7. grab

9. loose

11. all my strength

13. punched

(B)

1. had

3. with

5. for

7. with

9. house

2. leaping

4. spotted

6. calculating

8. clear of

10. reach out

12. scraped

14. internal

2. when

4. before

6. herself

8. on

10. other/older

Appendix  I        - 127 -

11. too

13. speak

15.  come

17.  When

19.  of

12. and

14.  to

16.  out

18.  what

20.  like

II. Translation

The instant the professor entered the classroom, the words on the blackboard "Welcome Back Professor" drew his attention. He had been injured in a car accident, and had had several operations in a nearby hospital. The doctor calculated his chances of survival to be no more than 10%. Now, not only had he recovered from his injury, but he was also able to resume teaching. Every student felt excited at the sight of him, and minutes passed before the class cooled down.

Part

TextB

Comprehension Check

1. a

3. c 5. a 7. b

2. b 4. d 6. d

Translation

(#JSL Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. plunged

3. squeeze

5. hang on

7. presence

9. pressure 11.snapped

13. pray

15. up to

2. wrapped 4. shivering 6. collapsed 8. conceal 10. crushed 12. trapped 14. nowhere

- 128 -        Appendix  I

Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

A Near Thing

One afternoon when I was nine, I arrived home from school and found my younger brother lying in bed. "How come you are home so early?" I asked, knowing that he usually would mess around a bit after school. "I feel sick. I have a headache," he said.

I could leave him in bed and wait until mom and dad came home from work. But I remembered hearing people say that there was an epidemic in the city. The disease developed rapidly and could cause damage to one's brain if not treated timely. "What if my brother has caught the disease?" I asked myself. I decided not to leave it to chance. So I called a taxi to take us to a nearby hospital.

An hour later, my brother was sleeping in the isolation ward. The doctors there told my parents
that if my brother had arrived at the hospital two hours later, the disease might have seriously dam­
aged his brain.                                                                                              (162 words)

Unit 8

Part I   Pre-reading Task

Script for the recording :

Like to hear a funny story? I've got a good one about a teacher, a riddle, and a little boy.

"It's time to see how clearly you can think," the teacher said to his class."Now, listen care­fully, and think about what I'm saying. I'm thinking of a person who has the same mother and father as I have. But this person is not my brother and not my sister. Who is it?"

The kids in the class knitted their brows, scratched their heads, and otherwise showed how hard they were thinking. But no one came up with the right answer.

When everyone in the class had given up, the teacher announced, "The person is me."

Little Geoffrey beamed at learning the answer. "That's a good one," he said to himself. "I'll

Appendix   I     - 129 -

have to try that on Mom and Dad."

At dinner that night, little Geoffrey repeated the riddle to his parents. "I'm thinking of a person who has the same mother and father as I have," he said. "But this person isn't my brother and isn't my sister. Who is it ? "

His parents knitted their brows, scratched their heads, and otherwise pretended that they were thinking hard. Then they both said,"I give up. Who is it ?"

"It's my teacher," Geoffrey said.

PART II   Text A

Text Organization

2.

Part One

Cause

Effects

Teenagers' intellectual laziness and ignorance

All people will be seriously affected. A modern industrial state will stop functioning.

Part Two

Cause

Lack of education

Effects

.    Kevin 1990, his forebears (with the exception of his intellectual father), and his children lead

- 1 30 -      Appendix   I

a poor, miserable life.

America is on the decline.

There is no law and order in the country.

American children have no chance to receive a

good education.

Businesses in America are owned by wealthy

Europeans and Asians.

Vocabulary

1.1) drive home

3) is functioning

5) scared

7) luxury

9) woke up

11) miracle

13) was jammed

15) humble

2. 1) The cost of electricity is likely to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices.

2)        There has been a decline in the number of people borrowing from public libraries, but book sales are rising.

3)        They made a suggestion at the meeting that an assistant be appointed to help Mr. Green.

4)   The local history group was astonished when they heard of/to hear of a plan to build an office building right next to the castle.

5)        They had run out of water by the time they got to the camp.

3.1) Highly complex in design, the engines cost too much to produce. We simply can't com­pete with other companies unless we improve our engine design and reduce the cost of production.

2)        Philip was very upset to find it so hard to make a living by writing in the new country. He swore that he would give up his writing career and try some other job. To his delight, he was/became much better off when he switched to teaching, and even had adequate money /means for a new car.

3)        The other day my friend John and I paid a visit to the museum of fine arts in our city. The museum had recently acquired several original paintings by an American woman artist. Ignorant of art, I turned to John and asked how her works struck him. John replied that for him, her paintings/ works summed up the restless spirit of America.

Appendix

-131

II. 1. The young man made $ 5 an hour in his summer job.

2.        What made you change your mind?

3.        I'm sure Jason will make a good lawyer.

4.        The vet put something down the dog's throat to make it vomit.

5.        The story makes interesting reading.

6.        Five and five make ten.

7.        On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day.

8.        I don't think she'll ever really make it to the top.

III. 1.  1) developing

3)  development

5) developing, developed

2.   1) amazed

3)  amazingly

5) amazement

2)  develop

4) develop

2)  amazes

4)  amazing

Structure

1.   1) With the help of a bank loan

2)        Without first-hand knowledge of the Middle East

3)        With support from the trade union

4)   Without trying hard to build up a large vocabulary

2.  1) While I admit that there are problems

2)        while reading the newspaper

3)        while Jane is ready in ten minutes

4)        While she is a likeable girl

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. decline

3. idle

5. accumulated

7. function

9. ignorance

2. complex 4. make a living by 6. affect 8. faculties 10. compete

- 1 82 -           Appendix   I

II. Translation

This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio: A man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same class competing with each other for high marks. The story goes/It's like this:

The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young. With little educa­tion, with no useful skills, he could hardly earn an adequate living wage. His life experiences drove home to him the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumu­late wealth. So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn.

Part III   Text B

Comprehension Check

l.d                                                                      2. b

3. b                                                                     4. c

5. b                                                                     6. a

Translation

(参见Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. solve

3. proceed