加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:并列结构中的省略现象
(2020-07-25 06:52:02)
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365省略并列结构 |
省略现象最常见于并列结构，这可从两方面来阐述。
1)
井列句中的省略现象
在并列句中，省略是常见的语法现象 并列句中的省略首先是共同主语的省略，这也可视为带并列谓语的简单句。例如：
Peter
Mary washed
the
dishes, (Mary) dried them, and
(Mary)
put them
in
the
cupboard.
如果主语不同而谓语动词的操作词相同，便可省略后一个操作词，有时还可连同其他助动词一起省略。例如：
John should clean the shed and Peter
(should)
mow
the
lawn.
John must have been playing football and Mary
(must
have been) doing her
homework.
如果主语相同，主动词也相同，便可省略主语和主动词。例如：
His
suggestions made John
happy,
but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
She
will work
today, and (she) may
(work)
tomorrow.
如果主语不同，主动词及其补足成分相同，便省略主动词及其补足成分。例如：
John
was
the
winner
George
will
take the course and Bob might
(take the
course) too.
后一例也可省略前一分句中的主动词及其补足成分。比较
George
will
(take
the
course), and Bob might, take
the
course.
如果主语相同，操作词与主动词及其补足成分也相同，只是状语不同，在省略相同成分时须保留操作词。例如：
John
will
meet my
family
tonight and
(John) will (meet
my family) again
tomorrow.
如果主语和谓语动词都不同，只是宾语或主语补语相同，便省略第一分句中的宾语或主语补语。例如：
John likes (Mary), and Peter hates,
Mary.
George
was (angry), and Bob certainly seemed,
angry.
后一句也可作如下改动
George
was
angry, and Bob
certainly
出现于并列句中的
be,
have,
do,
如果在一个分句中用作助动词，而在另一分句中却用作主动词，这种词形相同而词性不同的项目通常不可省略。例如：
That man
has
a gun and
has
threatened
to
use
it.
Mary
did
he
homework
last
night, but she
did
not
finish
it.
如果助动词
be
在一个分句中构成被动态，而在另一分句中却是构成进行体，这种不同功能的助动词
be常也不可省略。例如：
Mary
was
terrified
and
was
clutching
my
hand.
2)
名词词组中的省略现拿
两个处于并列地位的由“限定词＋前置修饰语＋名词“构成的名词词组，如果中心词相同，其中一个名词词组的中心词通常可以省略。省略了中心词的名词词组便只剩下限定词和前置修饰语了。例如省略后一个名词中心词：
She
wore
the red
dress, but
the blue
suits her better.
This is his latest book;
I
hope
it is
not his
last.
What
is
the difference between a direct question and
an
indirect?
在两个并列名词词组的中心词相同，而前置修饰语不同的情况下，也可能出现省略前一个名词中心词的现。例如：
Old (men)
and
young
men
were invited.
Revolution means a
moral
(change)
as
well
as
a material change.
Let us revise
our
safety
(regulations)
and
sanitary regulations.
The O.D.
T.
(squads)
and
rat
extermination squads
set to work.
如果两个并列名词词组的中心词相同，而后置修饰语不同，也可通过省略而形成两个后置修饰语共一个中心词的现象。例如：
He has workers from Ireland
and
(workers) from France
in
his factory.
Their fleet
is
a weapon
of
offence
rather
than
(a
weapon)
of
defence.
Ambition
is
the
mother
of
destruction
On either side
of
the river
lie
long
fields
of
rice
and
(fields)
of
wheat.
但是，在下列名词词组中，按照一般理解，并不存在省略中心词的问题：
Honest
and
clever students always
succeed.
I
like teaching a studious
or
hard-working undergraduate.
省略名词词组中心词的现象并不限千并列结构，某些非并列的名词词组也可能省略中心词，这主要见
千“独立属格”及其他习惯用语中
例如：
Lu
Xun's
was a
new style
in
Chinese
literature.
William's
is
an old television.
At
her
mother's
she passed many a happy day.
He took his
master's
at Columbia.
Behave
your
best.
He breathed his last.
He
ventured
into the unknown.
The season
is
now at its loveliest.
He
was
the first to bear
hardships
and the
last
to
enjoy
comforts.
3）介词词组中的省略现象
两个或两个以上并列的介词词组，如果介词不同，而作为介词补足成分的名词词组相同，通常保留介
词和最后一个介词词组的补足成分，其他省略
例如：
Bob
is
bored
with
(music), but Peter
is
interested
in, music.
Advice
is
like snow: the softer
it
falls, the longer
it
dwells upon (the mind), and the deeper
it
sinks
Shall
I
write
my name
on
(the line), above (the line)
or below
the
line?
A government
of
and
by
and
for
the
exploiting
class cannot possibly survive.
如果介词相同，补足成分也相同，通常省略第一个介词＋补足成分：
I
have
heard (...)
and read about your adventures.
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