加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：独立结构用法与意义
(2020-06-29 22:19:16)
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365独立结构用法与意义 |
独立结构”的用法和意义
由上述诸例可以看出，
“独立结构”与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，但也有用破折号的。例如：
The
room was
in
chaos -
dirty clothes
strewn
on
the floor, cosmetics scattered
over
the dresser,
由上述诸例也可看出，在“独立结构”中作主语的名词词组有时可以省去限定词。例如：
The
manager sat quietly
in
the office,
(his) eyes closed.
(Its)
Stem
torn
由上述诸例还可看出，“独立结构”的位置是比较灵活的，它可位于句首、句中或句尾。例如：
All
things considered, I
think
I
ought to
award
He
stood
in
the doorway,
his
wet
cloak dripping water
on
the
rug,
and
waited
for some
sign
of
Cartwright sat
there in
如果一句中含有几个“独立结构”，通常是把表示概括意义的结构置于最后。例如：
The
professor
“独立结构”在句中可表示多种意义。例如：
表示时间：
His homework done,
Jim decided to go and see the play.
=
After his homework
was
done, Jim...
The
meal
over,
we
began to work again.
=
When
the
meal
was
over,
we
...
表示原因：
The
last
bus
having gone,
we
had to
walk
home.
=
Because the
last
bus had gone,
we
…
Her
shirt caught
on
a nail,
she could not move.
=
As
her
表示条件:
Weather permitting,
the cricket match will be played on Wednesday.
=
If
weather
As
yet
few have done their
full
duty,
present
company excepted.
=
Few but the present company
表示方式和伴随状况：
He
put on
his
socks wrong
He entered upon the
new
enterprise cautiously,
his
eyes
wide-open.=
...
with
his
eyes
wide-open.
He
sat
at
the
table,
collar
off,
head
down,
and
pen
in
position, ready
to begin the long letter.
A
small
boy,
his
satchel
trailing
behind
him, ran past.
She
was sitting
at
he
desk,
her
head
slightly
lowered
over
a pile
of
documents.
在上述诸例中，“独立结构”均可变为由
with
引导的介词词组，而表示否定意义的“独立结构”便可转换为由
without
引导的介词词组。例如：
The
war
was
over
without a
shot
being
fired.
Without
anyone
noticing,
I
slipped
through the
window.
I
wouldn't
dare
go
home
without
the
Job
finished.
从意义上看，每一个
“独立结构”也都可以扩展成为简单句。例如下面这个带有三个“独立结构＂的句子：
Diana
stood
motionless
at the
end
of
the
diving board,
hands
at
her
sides,
heels slightly raised,
戴安娜一动不动地站在另一端的跳水板上，双手放在两侧，脚跟微微抬起，每一块肌肉都在期待着动作。
连同主句可以分析成为四个简单句
[1]
Diana stood
motionless
at
the
end
of
the diving
board.
[2]
Her
hands
were
at
her
sides.
[3]
Her
heels
were
slightly
raised.
[4]
Every
muscle
anticipated action.
“独立结构“常见于正式语体，特别是文学体裁，在口语中较为罕见。用于文学体裁，“独立结构“能使句子结构紧凑，用词精练，描写生动，形象具体，是文学语言常用的修辞手法。
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