加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：不定代词与部分否定
(2020-04-02 19:45:49)
标签：
365不定代词部分否定 |
英语的不定代词
(indefinite pronoun)
分为两大类 第一大类是数词
(numeral)
(quantifier);
somebody,
第一大类的不定代词单独用于句中时，是代词；而当它们位于名词之前时，则是限定词。
Six
of
them
were
drowned; the other
six
disappeared.
In
the house live
six
blind men.房子里住着六个盲人。
How much money
will
be needed for
the
project?
One
million
will
be enough. 一百万够了。One
million
dollars
will
be enough. 一百万元够了。
The
small
town
has a population
of
five thousand.
The
town has only
five thousand
inhabitants.
I
have had
enough;
I
don't
want
any
more.
I'd like
some more
chips.
下面对若干语义相关的量词用法作一些比较说明
1)
many,
much,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of
Many
animals have diseases.
A rocket has
many
parts.
Much
information
is
now transmitted through
e-mail.
There
is much
coal
left
in
the mine.
We
have
a
great
many
questions
to discuss
at the meeting.
We are going
to spend
a large amount
of
money on children's
education.
many,
much,
a great
many
等既可用作限定词，也可用作不定代词。
Have
you
done
all
these
exercises?
—No,
I haven't done
very
many.
Have you done
much
work today?
—No
,
I haven't done
much.
Has
she read
any English novels
in
the original?
—Yes,
a
great
many.
Has he
spent
much money on the house? ----- Oh,
a large
amount.
many,
much
可以带有
how
I
too
/
so
I
as as
等修饰语。
I
want
to know
how
much
money
will
be spent on the
object.
How
many
copies do you need for your
class? 多少本才能够给 你们班？
I have
(far)
too
many
books on the shelf.
We've had
too
much
in
the spring. 我们吃得太多的是在这个春天。
He took
so
many
boxes
with
him that he had to call a
taxi.
It's
really surprising that the boy should have
so
much
strength at his
age. 令人惊讶的是这男孩有如此大的力气，但只有这么小的年纪。
You
can take
as
many
copies
as
you
need.你可以拿多多的复印件，但愿符合你的要求。
They can spend
as
much
money
as
they need on the
oject.
在非正式语体中，尤其是在口语中，当
many /
He
hasn't got
much
money, but he has
plenty
of
Has
she
got
many
friends
here?
----- 没呢 ，不多。
—Yes,
quite a
lot /
—Yes,
she has
a
lot
of/
lots
of
friends
here.
是的， 有很多朋友在这边。
Are there
many
animals
in
the
park? 有很多动物在动物园吗？
---- 没呢 ，不多。
Did
he spend
much
money on his pet dog?
—No,
not much.
没呢 ，不多。
由上述诸例可以看出，相应于
lot
of /
We have
a
lot
(of
things)
to do today.
We have paid him
plenty
(of
money).
正因为
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of
通常表示肯定意义，所以在某些表示不肯定口气的话语中，倾向于用many
/
I doubt
whether/
if there'll be
many
people at the
show
on this rainy day.
I wonder
whether
以下表示“许许多多”的词语既可用于可数名词，也可用于不可数名词。
Loads
of
big red apples were on the
ground.
Loads
of
milk
was
distributed to the
refugees.
There
heaps
of
books on
this
subject.
I enjoyed the performance very much: there was
heaps
of
fun.
There
were
scads
of
opportunities
for
all
of us.
Scads
of
money has been
spent on
this project. 大笔大笔的钱都花给了这项工程。
2)
表示“少＂的意思，可用
(a)
few,
(a)
little,
既可用作限定词，也可用作不定代词
few, a
little 表示“少批“，带有肯定含义。
Let's invite
a
few
friends
to come
with
us.
Here
are
a
few
more books
on this subject.
There
are only
a very
few
left.
I had
a little
difficulty
in
solving the problem.
Give me
a little
of
that wine.
few/
little
I
have very
few
(chocolates)
left.
Few
(children)
were tired.
没几个 (孩子)累了。
I have very
little
(money)
left.
I understood
little
of
his speech.
要注意，
quite
Quite a
few
of us are getting worried.
You'll
have to wait
a
good
few
weeks.
little
的比较级和最高级是
less 和
If
only there
were 但愿少有些洞在 屋顶上。
但这只见于非正式语体；在正式语体中仍以用
fewer
为好。
3)
some, any
要表示“一些＂的意思，可用
some,
any
some
是肯定词
(Assertive
Word) ,
常用于肯定句
any是非肯定词
(Non-assertive
Word),
常用于否定句或疑问句。
There
are
some
letters for me.有几封信是邮寄给我的。
There aren't
Are there
any
letters for me?
I seldom get
any
sleep these
days.
any
也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中。
If
you
have
any
trouble,
please
let
me
know.
I forgot
to ask for
any
change.
当说话人期待肯定回答时，
some
也可用千疑问句。
Are there
some
letters
for me?
当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时，也可在疑问句中用
some。
Could I have
some
of
these apples?
Would you like
some
chocolate cake?
some
与单数名词搭配时，
some
相当于
cerlain
("某一")的含义；而
any
与单数名词搭配，则相当于
every
("任何一个＂）的含义。
Some
boy has broken a
window.
Any
child could answer that
question?
4)
all
(of)
the boys
both (of) the boys
every boy / every one
of
the boys
each boy
/
each (one)
of
the
boys
either boy
/
either (one)
of
the (two) boys
neithe
boy /
any
boy
/
any
(one)
of
the
(three
or more)
boys
由上述诸例可以看
，这
的限定词和不定代词在用
上有以下值得注
之处第一
表示
全体”，可用
all 或者 both。
all
表示三个或 个以上人或物的“
体”，而
both表示两个人或物的“全体。
All
the four applicants are below the average.
All
these last few
days the
farmers
Both
his parents are against his going there
alone.
The man
was
blind
in
both
eyes.
如果要表示
都不＂的
思，
体”为
个或更多的人或物时，通常用
none。
None
of
the students failed the
examination.
I'll have
none
of
your
stup
ideas.
(我不会接受你的那些糊涂观念。
在上述第一例中
既可用
none
也可
one。
No
one
failed the examination.没人没有通过考试。
no
one
只能指人
不能指物如果要表示两个人或物
不＂，通常要neither。
Neither
student/
Neither
(one) of
the (two)
students
failed
the
examination.两个学生都没有通过考试。
Neither
car
/
Neither
(one)
of
the (two) cars was made
in
Japan. 两部汽车都不是产于日本。
第二表示全体中的
个“，如
这个“全体”包含三
或更多
的人
物，
通常
every。
Every
student
in
the class took part
in
the performance.
The police were closely watching his
every
action.
如果这个“全体 包含两个或两个以上的人
物，便可以用each。
Each
side
of
the street was crowded with people.
在这里 不可以用
every。
Each
/
every 与
Every
student failed the examination.
= All the students failed the examination.所有的学生都没有通过考试。
We
want
every
child to succeed. =
We
want
all
the children to succeed.
each
Each
child
will
find his own personal road to success.
The Queen shook hands with
each
player
in
turn after the
game. 女王与每位选手握手都后于比赛。
第三，表示全体中的
一个“，也要看这个
体”
含三
，还是只包含两个“全体”包含三个或三个以上
要表示其中任何一个时用every/any。
Any
(=
Every)
child would know
that.
Ask
any
man you meet.
His gift
was
unknown
to
any
(of them) except himself.他的礼物，知道的没有任何人，只有他自己。
These are
all
free: take
any
(of them) you like.
"全体”只包
两个时，
要表示其中任何一个须
用either。
There are two flights for
Beijing
We
have
two copies
left.
Keep
either
(copy) for
the
file.
但在
on
either
side,
on
either
end
There
are
warehouses
on
either
side of the river(=
on
both sides of the river).有仓库在河的两边。
He got off the train
There are stairways at
either
end
of
the
corridor.
要注意all/every...not
All
the soldiers didn't know how to
fight.
None
of the soldiers knew
how
to fight.
Not
all
the
soldiers
knew how to fight.不是所有的士兵都知道如何战斗。
All
that glitters
is
not
gold.
(=
Not
all that
glitters
is
gold.) 所有闪烁发光不都是黄全。
All
are
not
friends that speak us fair.
不都是朋友，虽然说话特别好听。
All
are
not
hunters that
blow
the
horn. 不都是猎人，虽然会吹号角。
（高谈阔论者未必真有学问。)
All
不都是黄油，虽然来自奶牛。 (出身高贵者未必都是精英。)
All
bread
is
not
baked
in
one oven. 所有面包不都是烤自同一个烤箱。 (各有所长
不能强求一致。）
Every
couple
is
not a pair.
所有成对男女不都是夫妻。（有情者未必都成眷属
。）
Every
day
is
not
Sunday.
(所有日子不都是星期日。（不能游手好闲
无所事事。）
Every
shoe fits
not
every foot. 所有鞋子不都合脚。 (不可用一种尺度衡量一切。）
Everyone's
faults are
not
written
in
their foreheads.
喜欢
0
赠金笔