章振邦语法主动一致问题英语句子汉译：并列结构_信息流翻译观

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章振邦语法主动一致问题英语句子汉译：并列结构

(2020-03-16 00:04:22)

标签：

365 并列结构

主动一致

信息流翻译观

并列结构作主语的主动一致问题

并列结构主语的单、复数意义往往会影响谓语动词的形式。
（一）由 and/both ... and 连接的并列主语如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year. 提到捕鱼和狩猎，亚利桑那州最好的是在那年。

Both Pauline and her son Bob have gone fishing on Miramar Lake.

波琳和她的儿子鲍勃都去钓了鱼的是米拉玛湖。

Rain, hail and wind have caused an estimated $22,000,000 damage to crops and livestock.

雨、雹和风造成的22000000美元的损失是在农作物和养殖业。

（二）如果作主语的并列结构不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单数。

Ham and eggs is a good breakfast. 火腿和鸡蛋是很好的早餐。
Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon. 棕色面包和黄油通常的吃法是加熏鲑鱼。
The secretary and treasurer is absent. 秘书兼司库不在。

（三）有一些带连词 and 的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example. 好坏一个样，都是学榜样。
What I say and think are no business of yours. 我说的也好，想的也好，都不会牵扯到你。

（四）当 and 连接的并列名词词组带有 each, every, 或者 many a 等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。
Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy. 每个男孩和女孩, 在这个房间里的，都有权得到一本。

Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.

许多人，不分男女，在这个社区里，都发现自己需要帮助。

（五）也有一些由 and 连接的并列主语，其单、复数意义不很明确，这就只能根据上下文判定。
His younger brother and the subsequent editor of his collected papers was / were with him at his
death-bed. 他的弟弟和后来为他编辑论文的人和他在一起，就在他的病床那里。
Your fairness and impartiality has/have been much appreciated. 你的公平和公正受到了广泛的赞赏。

(六）由 or, nor, either ... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but also 连接的并列结构随后的动词形式通常按照 ”就近原则”处理。
My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.我的姐姐或哥哥可能在家。
巳ther her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon. 她父亲或母亲来接她的时间是每天下午。

巳ther my father or my brothers are coming. 我父亲或兄弟们要来了。
Neither the Kansas players nor the coach was over confident. 无论是堪萨斯的球员还是教练都没有过度自信。
Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were confident of victory. 堪萨斯队的教练和队员都没有信心取胜。
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. 不仅开关而且连旧电线都已经换了。
（七) 主语+ as much as 等
当主语后面跟有由 as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构时，随后
的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.

有些工人和经理都承担了损失责任。
His brother rather than his parents is to blame.

是他哥哥而不是他的父母要承担责任。
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.

我妻子比任何家人都更渴望再去那儿一次。
Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process (进化过程）．

人，类似于低等形式的生命，都经历了进化过程。

(八）主语+ as well as 等
当主语后面跟有由 as well as, in add山on to, with, along with, together with, except 等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。
丁he manager with some workers was working during the holidays. 经理和一些工人加班是在假期。
The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll. 父亲和他的儿子们都要入学了。
Bill, together with his sisters, was hurt in the accident. 比尔和他的姐妹们受伤于事故之中。
The truck along with all its contents was destroyed. 卡车连同里面的东西都被毁了。
丁he barn, in addition to the house, was burned.谷仓和房子一起被烧毁了。
No one except two girls was late for dinner. 没人，除两个女孩以外，没有赶上晚餐。

（九）但在非正式语体中，由 neither .. nor 连接两个单数或不可数名词作主语，随后的动词也可采用复数形式。
Neither he nor his wife have arrived. 他和他妻子都没到。
在由 or 或 either ... or 连接两个单数或不可数名词作主语的情况下，随后的动词间或也有用复数。
If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. 如果大卫或珍妮特来，他们会要喝一杯。
但这很不普通，比较规范的说法应该是：
If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink. 如果大卫或珍妮来，他或她就会要喝一杯。
＠在非正式语体中，上述情况也可根据“意义一致”或“就近原则”来决定随后动词的形式，但这不算规范。
Alice as well as Jane were there . 爱丽丝和简都在那儿。
My aunt, along with my three cousins, are coming to our house this weekend.

我阿姨和我的三个表妹来我们家的时间是在这个周末。
The Captain together with half a dozen sailors were taken prisoners. 船长和六个水手被俘虏了。
The headmaster with the rest of the staff were having a heated discussion. 校长和其他工作人员正在热烈地讨论。
No one except his own colleagues were with him. 没有别人，只有他自己的同事和他在一起。

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