§ Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★turn  n. 行为, 举止

behavior : 行为, 举止

pay attention to your behavior

turn : 对人有影响力的行为

★deserve  v. 应得到, 值得

He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬

Yor deserve the best.你应该得到最好的

1、deserve + n.

promotion : 提升

He deserved a promotion.

2、deserve to do: 应该...

She deserved to be punished.

Good work deserves good pay.

★lawyer  n. 律师

lawyer's office : 律师事务所

★bank   n. 银行

rob the bank : 抢银行

★salary  n. 工资

pay : 工资(salary+wage)　通用

salary:工资(月薪, 年薪)……有固定工作或管理阶层

wage:工资(按小时, 周计算的)……不稳定的工作

bonus : 奖金, 分红

collet:搜集, 领取　　collect salary/wage : 领工资

★immediately  adv. 立刻

at once : 立刻, 马上

right now : 现在

right away : ＝at once,immediately 立刻, 马上

【Text】

Lesson 11  One good turn deserves another  礼尚往来

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Who paid for Tony's dinner?

I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

参考译文

    我正在一家饭馆吃饭, 托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来. 托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作, 而现在正在一家银行上班. 他的薪水很高, 但他却总是向朋友借钱, 并且从来不还. 托尼看见了我, 就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前. 他从未向我借过钱. 当他吃饭时, 我提出向他借20英镑. 令我惊奇的是, 他立刻把钱给了我. “我还从未向你借过钱, “托尼说道, “所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了!”

【课文讲解】

One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来, 善有善报

One bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报

restaurant[5restErRnt; (?@) 5restErEnt]:注意读音

work for……强调工作

work in……强调in后面的地点

some/several years ago

名词-s,前面省略了some

working at a bank 比较稳定

He gets a good salary.薪水不错

The teachers in the new oriental school can get good salary.

borrow from : 从...借

never=not 前面不需要加助动词

pay back : 还钱

and连接三个并列的动词

at the same table : 坐在同一张桌子旁边

at table : 吃饭

at the table:坐在桌子旁边

Would you like to join us?

has never borrowed 潜台词perhaps,this time he would borrow from me

ask sb.to do请求某人做...

to my surprise:真让我惊讶

pay for : 为...而付钱

ask for:问...要

I have paid for you a dinner.

I have paid 20 dollars for the book.(强调)

It's my treat.我请客

Let's go dutch.AA制

This time  is your treat. next time is my turn.

【Key structures】　关键句型

Exercises A

a.what is happening now……进行时态

b.what always happens……一般时态

c.what happened……过去时态

d.what has happened……现在完成时态

e.what was happening……过去进行时态

a. He is now working at a bank.(现阶段)

       We are learning English.

b.(现在、过去、将来)习惯、反复

He always lent his CD to the others.(过去)

I will visit you.(将来)

I visit you(无论现在, 过去, 还是将来)

c.在过去的时间里, 发生的事情, 不强调对现在的影响和跟其它时间的比较, 叫一般过去式.

过去的过去……过去完成时

有过去发生的动作, 但是还强调对现在的影响……现在完成时

有(yesterday,last night)以前的事情, 没有强调对现在的影响……一般过去时

d.过去的行为对现在产生的影响或者过去的行为一直延续到现在……现在完成时

e.过去某一特定时间发生的动作……过去进行时

Exercises C

1  He usually ______ (get) up at 7  o'clock, but this morning he ______ (get) up at 6  o'clock.

2  So far, we not ______ (have) a reply.

3  While he ______ (write) on the blackboard, the children ______ (talk).

4  I can't come now. At the moment I ______ (type) a letter.

5  As the royal visitors ______ (pass), the people cheered.

D  Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

1.gets...got

2.have not had (have-have had)     

so far:up to now　到目前为止　　现在完成时

3.was writing  were talking

4.I'm typing    at the moment……标志着现在进行时; now

5.were passing

Exercises D

The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he  ______ (become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ______ (die). The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in her honour. Experts ______ (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which ______ (begin) in 1632  and ______ (complete) in 1654  ______ (cost) a fortune. Up to the present day, it ______ (visit) by millions of people.

...动词的正确语态填空, 时态

先确定主被动, 然后确定时态

in the seventeenth century……一般过去时的标志

The Taj Mahal……泰姬陵

was built; 

became; 

died; 

was built

in one's honour: 为了纪念某人

were called  (call in:召集)　　

was begun;

was completed;

cost;

has been visited;  (up to the present day=up to now)

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4  Tony is working at a bank ______ .

a.at the moment b.a year ago c.since last year d.for a year

4.a

at the moment:现在进行时

since:自从  点时间

for:一段　(+段时间)

for three hours; since yesterday;   for a day;  for three days

since three days ago

8  He gets a good salary. His salary is very ______ .

a.good b.well c.fine d.beautiful

8.a

good salary    well:表示好的时候一般用作副词

He is well.(一般指身体好)

fine……天气好, 质量好

beautiful   美丽 漂亮的

10  Tony must pay the money back. He must ______ .

a.pay it again b.pay it c.repay it d.pay it once more

10.c

pay back:还钱

pay something:付钱　　　　pay again;再次付钱

pay it :付钱　　　　　　　once more=again

repay it =pay back

11  There aren't enough chairs here for us all. Please bring ______ one.

a.other b.another c.extra d.a different

11.one……代词, 指代上文的名词　　　The red one.

a different one

one……指代单数可数名词,可数名词单数前一定要加’a/an’如 : He is a boy

an other

【Special Difficulties】 难点

I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.

ask somebody to do something.

want to do something    want somebody to do

会用sb to do sth的动词 :

ask; want; tell; order; expect; wish; allow; advise; like; teach; prefer...

一定不能说　hope somebody to do 正确用法 : hope to do (希望自己)或hope that(希望别人)

Exercises A(将括弧内的词按正确的语序排好. )

1  The officer ordered (to fire, at the enemy, the men).

2  He wants(his wife, this dress, to wear).

3  She wants(us, it, to explain).

4  I cannot allow (the room, him, to enter).

B  Write similar sentences using the following.

1.order somebody to do

...the man to fire at the enemy

.........

Exercises B(模仿以上例句完成以下句子)

1  He asked ______

2  We prefer ______

3  He taught ______

4  My mother wished ______

5  Do you want ______ ?

1.He ask somebody to do something

He asked his wife to let him in.

2.prefer : 宁可

I prefer him to die.

..........

b.salary wages     c.borrow from    lend to

Exercises:

1  He is a bank manager and he gets a good ______ .

2  I ______ him some money and he said he would give it back to me when he got his

3  Yesterday he ______ my laptop. I hope he returns it soon.

4  The postmen are on strike again. They want higher ______ .

5  Workmen's ______ have gone up a lot in the last year.

1.salary; 

2.lend  slary/wages 

3.borrowed  (laptop:手提电脑)

4.wages.

5.wages.

难点 :

...somebody to do something

§ Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见, 一路顺风

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★luck  n. 运气, 幸运

good luck

bless you 保重

break your leg=good luck

lucky dog 幸运儿

lucky day 幸运日 : It’s my lucky day.今天我真幸运

unlucky

luckily adv.

★captain  n. 船长

★sail  v. 航行

★harbour  n. 港口

port  air port

★proud  adj. 自豪

be proud of : 以...为自豪

Parents are proud of their children.

pride n.  take pride in 以... 为自豪

★important  adj. 重要的

importance  n.

【Text】

Lesson 12  Goodbye and good luck  再见, 一路顺风

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Where is Captain Alison going and how?

Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.

参考译文

    我们的邻居查尔斯.艾利森船长明天就要从朴次茅斯启航了. 明天一大早我们将在码头为他送行. 他将乘坐他的 “涛波赛” 号小艇. “涛波赛” 号是艘有名的小艇, 它已经多次横渡大西洋. 艾利森船长将于8点钟启航, 因此我们有充裕的时间. 我们将参观他的船, 然后和他告别. 他要离开两个月, 我们真为他感到自豪, 他将参加一次重大的横渡大西洋的比赛.

【课文讲解】

Portsmouth  朴次茅斯(英国港市)

将来时态　　　　early in the morning : 一大早

late in the afternoon   傍晚

meet somebody+地点　去某地接某人　　

I'll meet you at the station.

see somebody off  送行, 目送

in his small boat, Topsail : Topsail is a famous little boat.

1、英文写作中尽量避免用同一个词

2、little……往往倾注了一定的感情　　　small……没有感情

famous : 好的评价

sailed across : 横渡　　　the Atlantic : 大西洋

over……过桥

once  twice   three times......

表示次数的时候, for 一定不能加

I do something twice.

set out : 出发　　　set off     begin something

plenty: enough    而a lot of : 指客观上的多

plenty of : I have plenty of money.相对多的概念

see--visit    Can I see it?

say goodbye to somebody;  say hello to;   say sorry to

I said hello to him this morning.

You must say sorry to somebody.

be away   He has been there.  leave……短暂性动词不能和段时间连用

He will leave. 不用段时间

be+形容词(介词短语)──系表结构表状态来代替

arrive ……                   be here/there

leave  ……                   be away

die    ……                   be dead

join(也是瞬间动词)   ……   be a soldier/in the army

不是说瞬间动词不能用完成时态, 而是指不能与段时间连用, 一旦要用段时间就要将其变为 “系表结构” 即 “be + 形容词或介词短语构成” .

He has been away for two hours.

He left two hours ago.点时间

take part in;   enter for

I have entered for the meeting,but now I don't want to take part in the meeting.

横渡大西洋的比赛　　across the Atlantic  介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面

on the desk   The book is on the desk.

at the door.  the person at the door.

总结

和水面有关, 横渡……across

meet somebody+地点　see somebody off

be away

【Special Difficulties】 难点

一般将来时

be+副词　　　be in ;  Is Tom in? Tom isn’t in  在家

be out 出去    be away : 离开    be on : 上映   The film is on.

be back 会来   　　be up to something:胜任某件事情, 能够做某件事

be over 结束    Game is over.

set    set out  set off    set up

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2  Topsail ______ .

a.will win the race across the Atlantic b.has won the race across the Atlantic

c.will be in the race across the Atlantic d.was in the race across the Atlantic

2.Topsail...C

will...将要完成

has... 已经完成

be in the race : take part in the race 参加比赛

at the race 在比赛场地观看比赛

拜访某地　call at

在某个小地点　at the airport

3  Our neighbour, ______ name is Charles Alison, will sail tomorrow.

a.whose b.whose his c.his d.of whom

3....A

be in the race : take part in the race

§ Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★group  n. 小组, 团体

group : 指合唱团 如 : Back Street 后街男孩

band n.乐队 如 : 零点乐队, 只有一个主唱

★pop singer  流行歌手

pop :popular adj.受欢迎的

pop song(music)流行音乐

pop star : 歌星

★club  n. 俱乐部

night club 夜总会

★performance  n. 演出

-mance 名词标志

perform v 演出

★occasion  n. 场合

中文 : 在某种场合, 某种条件下, 某种环境中

英文 : occasion = time : 时候

this occasion; on the(this)occasion.

occasionally adv.＝sometimes 有时候, 偶尔

on the occasion; occasionally

【Text】

Lesson 13  The Greenwood Boys  绿林少年

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Why will the police have a difficult time?

The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.

参考译文

    “绿林少年” 是一个流行歌曲演唱团. 目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出, 明天就要到达此地. 他们将乘火车来, 镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们. 明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出. “绿林少年” 准备在此逗留5天. 在此期间, 他们将演出5场. 同往常一样, 警察的日子将不好过, 他们将设法维持秩序. 每逢这种场合, 情况都是这样.

【课文讲解】

全文几乎都是将来时态

汉译英要学会缩句 : 找谓语动词

...are a gruop of six girls.

at present  目前

up to now/so far 到目前为止

nowadays adv.目前

be doing 正在做某事

visit v.拜访、参观; (歌手)巡演

all parts of the country 全国各地

all parts of the world 全世界各地; 介词用in

in all parts of the world 在全世界各地

visit+地点, 表示去某地

They stay in all parts of the world.

某某人到中国访问　　visit china

带有职业相关目的　visit some place

The headmasters of the New Oriental school visited Lanzhou.这里指演讲

将要到达这里　be arriving here

will be doing 将来进行时态; 理解为一般将来时的另一种形式;

将来进行时态的意思往往等于一般将来时态.

We will be acting.我们将要行动了

...will be coming by train...

,..will be meeting them...

and conj.连接

the young people in the town 镇上的年轻人(介词短语作定语)

most of the young people in the town 镇上的大部分年轻人

most of...大多数的

most of the books; most of the time

most of + the...(一定要加‘the’)

most of the young people

most young people

most students/most of the students.

tomorrow evening 明天晚上

...will be singing...将演出, 避免重复, 使用sing

at the Workers'Club 在工人俱乐部

yesterday evening 昨天晚上

this evening 今天晚上

night:last night 昨天夜间; tonight 今天夜间;

tomorrow night 明天夜间; 　next night 第二天晚上

逗留五天...will be staying here for five days

演出五场...give five performances

as usual 象往常一样

The police will have a difficult time...

have a good time 玩得开心; 　have a hard time 生活得艰辛

have a difficult time.日子不象平时那样惬意

try to do 设法做某事, 尽力做某事

keep order 维持次序

...on these occasion(s)每逢这种场合

the same 表示情况相同

你为什么迟到?

Why are you late?

What took you so long?

注意同一意思的多种表达方式

【Key structures】　关键句型

将来进行时

用一般将来时和将来进行时所表达的含义是一致的.

一般将来时 : shall/will + 动词原形

１.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.

２.将来时的其他结构;

基本结构 : shall/will + 动词原形

Ⅰ : be going to do something 打算做某事; be gonna[美语]

He'll lose.

与打算无关含义的句子, will与be going to do 不能互换

be going to 与will对比; 下列情况须用will

I'll be sixteen years old next year.

Ⅱ : be + to do sth.表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见

Eg: I am to have a holiday.

Ⅲ : be about to do sth.即将做某事.

Ⅳ : will be doing 表示将要做某事

Ⅴ : be doing(瞬间动词)表示将来时态

　　go,come arrive,leave,die,land,join

Ⅵ : be 一般现在时表示将要发生

Eg:　if it rains,...

【Special Difficulties】 难点

名词所以格 :

(a)在单数名词及不以 -s 结尾的人名后加 's;

(b)在规则的复数名词的 -s 后面加所有格符号 ';

(c)在以 -s 结尾的单数名词后加　-'s;

(d)在以 -s 结尾的人名后面即可以用 's 也可以用所有格符号 ';

in twenty minutes' time

3 minutes' walk(drive) 走路或开车三分钟的路程

how much minced meat...? (碎肉)

I want ten pounds' worth of minced meat.

Exercise 8. how much damage was there?

            哪儿有多大的损失?

　　　　　　A.There was a hundred pounds'worth of damage.

〖语法精粹〗P17 4

4.I want (      ).

A.a dollar worth candy

B.candy a dollar's worth

C.a dollar's worth of candy

D.a dollar worth's candy

Answer : C is right.

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5  During this time, they will give five performances. That's what they'll do ______ this time.

a.in b.on c.fo d.while

5....in...

during this time: 在这段期间

during和in之间有区别, 但是它们之间却是近义词

during this time=in this time

this time: 这一次

6  The police will have a difficult time ______ .

a.as usuall b.as usual c.than usua d.from usual

6.....

as usual:像往常一样

7  The police ______ expecting the singers to arrive soon.

a.is b.are c.will d.was

7.....b....

the people,the police,the cattle,复数

8  They are pop singers. So ______ .

a.they are folk singers b.they are public singers

c.everyone likes them d.no one likes them

8...c...

pop=popular:受欢迎的, everyone likes; folk:民间的, 民族; public:公众的

12  It's always the same on these occasions. It's always the same at ______ like this.

a.situation b.conditions c.place d.times

12....d...

on these occasions:在一个时候

situation: 情况, in the situation

condition: 状态, 条件, in the condition

11  The Greenwood Boys will give five performances. They will give five ______ .

a.recital b.executions c.play d.songs

11....

recital:朗诵, 演出(对外公开)

execution:　演出(倾向技巧)

play: 戏剧

songs:　歌子

【语法精粹】一般将来时 P11

1."The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 o'clock"

"But__ｃ___a delay."

A.it will be       B.there'd be

C.there will be    D.there is

schedule:按计划, 　delay:延迟, 拖延和耽误

将来时态: 在A 和 C 中

it be:它是,be动词的后面一旦加名词, 往往认为主语和名词之间是等号关系

there be:哪儿有(某地有某物), 有某事发生

There will be a meeting.那儿将开会

There was a fire.发生大火

2.He'll leave for Paris before you__ｃ___next week.

A.will come back     B.will be back

C.come back          D.came back

before,状语从句的标志

在状语从句中不可能出现将来时, 都被一般现在时态取代

3.Our next meeting__ｃ___on 1st December

A.has been held       B.will hold

C.is to be held       D.is holding

be to,将来的标志, 是将来还是被动

4.Where__c___a will,there is a way.

A.there will have     B.has been there

C.there is            D.there has been.

是个谚语, 直接记忆, “有志者事竞成” , “哪儿有愿望, 哪儿就有路”

where 引导的是地点主语从句

5.It__b___be Wednesday tomorrow.

A.is going to     B.will

C.is about to     D.is to

一般的情况可以互换, 遇上没有办法打算和计划安排的, 只能用will be

be about to:计划打算; be to:计划打算; be going to :计划打算

will,单纯的表将来

§ Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?

要求整篇文章背诵

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★amusing  adj. 好笑的, 有趣的

amused:感到好笑的

amuse v.

动词后面会加人做宾语

The story amused me.

The story is amusing.

I am amused.

interesting:有意思

The book is interesting.

The book is amusing.

funny:好笑的, 可以指贬义, 开心的, 令人开心的

interesting/funny story

★experience  n. 经历

经验 : 不可数名词:He has a lot of experience.

经历 : 可数名词:He has a lot of experiences.

+s(a/an),经历; 原形, 经验

experienced:有经验的

He is an experienced doctor.

★wave  v. 招手

wave to sb;向某人招手

★lift  n. 搭便车

be动词+形容词/介词

be动词后面不能是名词, 一旦是名词, 就认为主语和后面的名词是等号关系

I am a teacher.(对)

I was a lift.(错)

take a bus/taxi/lift

take a lift:搭便车

I take a lift.

The student gave me a lift.

give sb a lift:让某人搭便车

B wants to take a lift.

A will give B a lift.

thumb lift :拇指便车(向过路车辆竖起拇指表示要求免费搭车)

I want to take a lift.

★reply  v. 回答

answer

作为不及物动词是一样的 : He answered/replied.

作为及物动词就不一样了 : answer sth/reply to sth.

answer the letter : 回信

I will reply to the letter.回信

★language  n. 语言

native language : 母语

mother tongue : 母语(口语)

The native language is Chinese.

My mother tongue is Chinese.

★journey  n. 旅行

begin a trip : 开始一个旅行

begin a journey

trip,travel,tour

trip : 短距离旅行或出差(时间或距离上较短)

go on business/go on a trip

travel : 周游(长途)

tour,为了玩

tourist : 游客

journey : 所有的旅行

go on a journey, 3 days' journey(三天路程)

2 hours' journey

voyage : 旅行(海上)

flight : 空中飞行

journey : 偏重于陆地旅行

trip;travel;tour;journey;voyage;flight

【Text】

Lesson 14  Do you speak English?  你会讲英语吗?

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Did the young man speak English?

I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'

参考译文

    去年我有过一次有趣的经历. 在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后, 我继续驶往下一个城镇. 途中, 一个青年人向我招手. 我把车停下, 他向我提出要求搭车. 他一上车, 我就用法语向他问早上好, 他也同样用法语回答我. 除了个别几个单词外, 我根本不会法语. 旅途中我们谁也没讲话. 就要到达那个镇时, 那青年突然开了口, 慢慢地说道 : “你会讲英语吗?”

    我很快了解到, 他自己就是个英国人!

【课文讲解】

搭便车 : take a lift

给某人搭便车 : give sb a lift

路程, 旅行 : journey

经历 : experience.

一般有意思, interesting、funny,　amusing倾向于让某人笑出声

I had an amusing experience last year.

Last year [lB:st jE:, jiE] 读音 : ① 读 “雀” (英音)② ‘s’后的’t’读’d’后与’j’拼 (美音)

after,从句的标志, 后面叫时间主语从句

when,while,as : 当什么时候, until,before,after

简单句当中一个谓语, 有从句有主句, 从句一个谓语动词, 主句一个谓语动词

after : 在什么什么之后, 主句的动作发生在从句之后, 从句的动作发生在主句的前面, 从句的动作发生在前, 主句的动作发生在后

如果两个都是过去时, 同时发生, 会用进行时态; 如果一先一后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时(had done)

after后面的从句一个变成过去时, 一个变成过去完成时, 一定是从句用过去完成时.

before : 在什么什么之前, 主句发生在从句之前, 主句用过去完成时.

地点做介词短语修饰前面的名词

in the south of

表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词, in,on,to

没有相接的, 是相离的, to

接壤, on

在什么里面, in

drive to : 开车去某地, drive on (on:继续), on加在动词的后面表示继续

My heart will go on 《我心永恒》

on the way : 在路上, 在途中

wave to sb : 冲某人挥手

I stopped=I stopped the car.

ask sb for sth : 请求某人要求得到什么东西

as soon as : 一...就..., 后面一定要加一个句子(时间主语从句), “一” 后面的先发生

As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.

只要是状语从句, 一旦遇到将来时, 变为一般现在时

As soon as you arrive,you must call me.你一到就就打我电话

As soon as 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的

say goodbye,say sorry,say hello,say good morning to him

用某种语言 : in+某种语言

I speak English. I say a word in Chinese.

reply 要想加宾语要加 to (+要回答的内容)

in the smae language 在句中作状语, 不是replay所应回答的问题(宾语), 故用in

as soon as : 一...就...

As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.

apart from : 除了什么之外, except

except,except for,apart from

1.when except is used at the beginning of a sentence,it is followed by for.

2.apart from习惯上喜欢放句首, apart from=except=besides

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外, 还有这个人也做了, 是加号=besides

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外, 这个人没有做, 是减号=except

All the passengers are millionaire except us. 减号

3.except : 从整体之中减掉, besides ; 如果放在句首, 统一用apart from

4.except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意

The article is very good except for his handwriing.

except for 可以不放在句首, 强调整体当中某一方面除外, 剩下的整体都不错

Except for his height,he is very excellent.

【Special Difficulties】 难点

I invited everyone except George.

Except for George I invited everyone.

Except for/apart from this,everything is in order.

Exercise

1  (Except)(Except for) a slight headache, I feel all right now.

3  (Except)(Apart from) being a bit too long, the play was very good.

1.except for

3.apart from(Except for)

except for=apart from,喜欢放在句首

except和besides可放句子中间, besides指在整体上加上, except要从整体减掉

not at all : 一点点都不,强调

I don't like it. I don't like it at all.

apart from=except(文中)

Apart from my sister,I like everyone.

Apart from a few words,I don’t know any French.

一正一反地翻译

neither of [5naiTE, 5ni:TE]:注意英音与美音的读音不同

during the journey : 在旅途当中, 自始自终

neither of sb,either of sb

either of sb : 什么当中的任何一个

neither of sb : 什么当中的任何一个都不

either,neither 都是指两个当中的任何一个

如果不只两个人, 就变成none of

none,neither一旦出现, 这句话就不会再有not

I don't like the book,My sister doesn't like it either.

Neither of us likes it.(注意要用单数)

nearly : 将要

when: 要看当时的具体情况, 在这里译为 : 就在此时

I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.

Do you speak English?问的是一个事实　你说英语吗?你是说英语国家的人吗?

Do you swim? 你去游泳吗?　　Can you swim?你会游泳吗?两者的概念是不一样的注意体会

As I learnt. learn:知道, 得知

我得知 : I learn;  我知道 : I know(我本来就知道)

As we know,the New Concept English is very good.正如我们所知... ...

As+主语+动词+逗号+句子, As : 正如

As I think,it is the coldest day in the year.

As my mother said/As I heard

As he said,English is easy to learn.

himself,反身代词单独放在句尾, 起强调作用

I read English myself.

总结

as soon as+从句, 表示时间, 一...就...

apart from=except for,放在句首, 除了什么之外

neither of:两者之间都不, 一旦出现, 这句话里面不会再出现not

三者或三者以上之间都不 : none of

As I learnt,正如......

As sb do sth,一定要加逗号, 再加另外一个句子

英语当中的第一句话往往起着概述的作用

有两种方式可以背诵 : 一种是硬背, 另一种是先理解, 然后按照事情的发展顺序背

【Key structures】　关键句型

过去完成时 : 过去的过去或两个动作都在过去, 一个动作在前, 一个在后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时

过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫, 这个动作一定要发生在had done之后

until : 直到什么时候为止, 直到什么时候才

until, 在后面一个从句之前发生了主句

until,主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对(最习惯的一种用法), 主句和从句任何一个用过去完成是也对

I had not understood the problem until he explained it.

4.We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.

  We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.

  We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(更习惯于这种用法)

after后面会加过去完成时, before后面会加一般过去时

Exercises D (用正确的时态填空)

1  The moment he had said this, he ______ (regret) it.

2  It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi.

3  When all the guests had left, Derek ______ (arrive).

1.The moment后面直接加从句, The moment = as soon as

　一般过去时, regretted

2.before引导从句用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时

　had begun

3.arrived,过去完成是一定要和过去的过去有关

【Special Difficulties】 难点

a.ask and ask for

ask sth : 问什么什么东西, ask a question/ask sb

ask for sth : 要求得到, ask for the answer

c.which of ,either of, neither of ,both of

either of :两者当中的任何一个

neither of : 两者都不

which of :那一个, which of the two

both of : 两者都

Which of the two do you like?

I want both of them.I want either of them.I want neither of them.

Exercise

2  I liked them very much so I bought(neither of)(both of)them.

4  I(asked)(asked for)a question. I did not(ask for)(ask)an answer.

He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for).

2.both of

4.asked,ask for

5.either of,前面有not, 故只能选either of , asked

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6  I speak a few words of French. I don't know ______ French.

a.man b.much c.plenty of d.a little

6....b...

French不可数, 不能用many

plenty of : 足够多的

not much: a little

not a little: much

7  Neither of us spoke. We ______ .

a.neither spok b.either spoke c.both didn't speak d.neither didn't speak

7....c....

neither不会和not连用

either : 任何一个

both : 两个都 we both ; both of us 都对

neither of,不能说we neither,只能说neither of us

11  He replied in French. He ______ the writer in French.

a.responde b.answered c.returne d.remarked

11...b...

responded和replied用法一样

replied后面加宾语一定要加to,　answer直接加

9  The young man waved to the writer. He ______ him.

a.salute b.greeted c.signalled to d.nodded

9....c...

salute : 军礼, 军人的问候 : The soldier saluted his officer.士兵的问候

greet:

10  He asked for a lift. He was a ______.

a.tram b.hitch hiker c.passenge d.foreigner

10...b...

tramp : 流浪汉

hitch hiker : 搭便车的人

passenger : 乘客, (指要付车钱的那种)

12  The writer had ______ reached the town when the young man spoke.

a.often b.almost c.sometimes d.just as

12. almost=nearly

just as 正当...时候　+从句

§ Lesson 15 Good news 佳音

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★secretary[si5kri:tE]  n. 秘书 注意读音

history

secret[5si:krit] n v注意读音与secretary的区别

★nervous  adj. 精神紧张的

be nervous 事情发生时

worried : 为以后的事情担心

upset:不安的 (对以前的事情)

★afford  v. 负担得起

1、afford sth. : I can afford the coat (东西)

I can afford the hoilday.有时间去

2、afford money/time : I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book.

afford to do sth. : I can afford to buy the book.

(can/can’t)afford sth.前面一般都要加情态动词 “can/can’t”

★weak  adj. 弱的

★interrupt  v. 插话, 打断

(n.)interruption

disturb : 打扰某人

interrupt : 打断某人的话

Sorry to...

【Text】

Lesson 15  Good news  佳音

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

What was the good news?

The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.

    'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.

    'Don't interrupt,' he said.

    Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

参考译文

    秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我. 我走进他的办公室, 感到非常紧张. 我进去的时候, 他连头也没抬. 待我坐下后, 他说生意非常不景气. 他还告诉我, 公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支, 有20个人已经离去. 我知道这次该轮到我了.

   “哈姆斯沃斯先生, “我无力地说.

   “不要打断我的话, “他说.

     然后他微笑了一下告诉我说, 我每年将得到1,000 英镑的额外收入.

【课文讲解】

look down upon/on sb : 瞧不起某人

I look down upon my sister.

I look down 往地上看,反义词 : look up

Business is very good! 生意好!

The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.(此句要求背诵)

collect salary 领薪水

pay salary 支付薪水

large:一般指东西的数量

so的后面加形容词或副词

such的后面加名词, 容许在该名词前面加修饰词

所有的间接引语都是宾语从句

My turn has come.

It is my turn.轮到我了(口语常用形式)

in a ... voice

in a loud(大声)/low (低声)/weak(强调心里不踏实)/strong(理直气壮) voice

a year

以下几个词都可表示 “再, 又” 的意思, 注意用法 :

1、an extra thousand(作名词看)

再有多少 : 数量+extra+名词

2、two others : two other +名词

3、two more : two more chairs

4、once more: 再一次

5、another three days : 只有another 的数词在后面

【Key structures】　关键句型

间接引语(宾语从句) : 是陈述句的间接引语.

一、主从一致 : 主句和从句的时态一致

　1.主句的动词为一般现在时, 从句为任意时态

　2.主句的动词为一般过去时, 从句为相对应的过去时态

　(过去时 : 一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)

  一般现在时——　一般过去时

　现在进行时——　过去进行时

　现在完成时——　过去完成时

　将来完成时——　过去将来完成时

　一般过去时——　过去完成时

二、人称变化

　　主要是第一和第二人称变化, 设身处地

三、只要属于宾语从句, 引导词that可以省略

Exercises B

1  He ______ me that she ______ (come)tomorrow.

2  The gardener ______ that he ______ (cut)that tree down yesterday.

3  I ______ you I ______ (have)never played tennis before.

4  What ______ he ______ that he ______ (do)?

5  When ______ he ______ you that he ______ (buy)this car?

6  He ______ he ______ (cannot)understand me.

7  He ______ that he ______ (work)all day yesterday.

8  He ______ me he never ______ (write)letters to anybody.

9  Why ______ you ______ that you ______ (be) busy?

10  He ______ that he ______ (will wait)for me.

后面有 “人” 用tell,否则用say

1.told; would come

2.said; had cut

3.told; had never had

4.did;  say; had done/would do/did

5.did;  tell; had bought

6.said; couldn't

7.said; had worked

8.told; had never written

9.did;  say; were busy

10. said; would wait

先根据原句填时态, 再把这句话放到整篇文章中检验

【Special Difficulties】 难点

office : 办公室

study : 　书房

desk : 　课桌

Exercises

1  We shall use the spare room in our new house as a ______ .

2  Smith works in a lawyer's ______ .

3  She felt very ______ before the plane took off

4  I can only ______ to pay ￡100  a week rent.

5  Since his illness he has been very ______ . He is always losing his temper.

1.study

2.office

3.nervous

4.afford

5.irritable : Since his illness=> 自从他生了病

since +名词

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6  ______ turn is it? It's your turn.

a.Whic b.To whom c.Who d.Whose

6.....d...

(书面语)my turn has come,(口语)it is my turn

轮到谁 : whose turn (is it)?who is next?

10  It's your turn ______ .

a.It's your line b.It's your row c.You're next d.It's your chance

10...c...

It's your turn.You're next.

12  The writer would receive an extra ￡1, 000  a year. He would get￡1, 000  a year ______ .

a.less b.more c.over d.up

12....

extra,other,more,another, over

最灵活的是more,two more eggs,once more

more可以放数词和名词之间, 甚至可以放在整个名词的后面

extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间, another一定放在数词前面

over sth : 超过(多余)什么东西, over three years

up : 往上, climb up

【语法精粹】

一般过去进行时 : 跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生

间接引语

如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语, 极有可能选用过去完成时

1.My brother____while he____his bicycle and hurt himself.

  A.fell/was riding     B.feel/was riding

  C.had fallen/rode     D.had fallen/was riding

　fell(跌下来),ride(骑自行车)　Ａ

2.He____his leg as he_____in a football match.

  A.broke/played        B.was breaking/was playing

  C.broke/was playing   D.was breaking/played

break one's leg    C

3.My father will be here tomorrow.

  I thought that he____today.

  A.was coming     B.is coming

  C.will come      D.comes    A

be coming表示将要

go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义

跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态

4.Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman

who____

  A.come               B.was coming

  C.had been coming    D.had come

collide : 相撞, 是相对概念　　B

5.Mike couldn't come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because

she___C__in the lab.

  A.had been working     B.has been working  C.was working          D.worked