10级社会工作专业 刘慧
一、理论简介
（一）背景与发展
人本主义心理学于20 世纪50 年代在美国兴起，主要代表人物是马斯洛，之后得到了罗杰斯的传承和发展。在学术界，人本主义心理学还被称为行为学派和精神分析学派，在心理学上被称作是“第三势力”。人本主义心理学的特点在于强调人的正面的本质和价值，集中研究和试图解决人的行为的学问，同时，强调在体现人的价值的同时，深入挖掘人的潜力，促进人的发展，也就是自我实现。
（二）罗杰斯对人本主义的发展
Rogers是人文主义的代言人，其发展的自我理论被通称为当事人中心治疗法，乃植基于存在主义。之所以称为当事人中心，乃因为Rogers将注意的焦点放在当事人身上，并给予当事人自己作决定的权力与自由，让当事人在谘商关系中为自己肩负起责任。
                                     ——张一伊.都兰军,浅析人本主义心理学的新发展[J].社科纵横.2010.
二、I. Overview
1. Principal Social Work Authors
Rogers C.& Maslow A.
2. Principal Authors outside Social Work
Rollo. Mei, Frank
3. Closest to the other social work theories:
Psycho social ; Empowerment ;Behavior; Phenomenology
存在主义哲学与现象学，以及行为理论与学习理论
4. Level of Integration into Social Work Practice
Strongly influential 被广泛地应用于社会工作实践当中，尤其是个案工作辅导
5. Interdisciplinary Utility
Strongly usefully fo other Profession 对于教育的影响以及心理学的变革
6. Empirical Base
Strong 较主观
7. Extent of Social Work Literature
Strong 文献比较丰富
                                    ——张一伊.都兰军,浅析人本主义心理学的新发展[J].社科纵横.2010.
II. Attributes of Theory
8. Nature of Therapeutic Process
Make client to help themselves. Every body have power.助人自助；增能；
9. Therapeutic Vocabulary Proper to Theory
Person-centered; Self; Empowerment; Equal; peak experience; Unconditional positive regard; Now; Respect; Focus; Listening; Trust 以人为本；自我；增能；平等；高峰体验；无条件的积极贯注；此时此地；尊重；聚焦；倾听；信任
10. Importance of Gender, Culture, Race and Ethnicity as Variables: Strong 心理学派“第三方势力”的影响，对人的无条件关注
11. Importance of Significant involvement in Change
Strong 强调服务对象与工作者的投入
12. Role of Therapeutic Relationship
Friends; unconditional positive regard the client, make them improve regularly.
13. Nature of Relationship: effect individual 更强调一些个人的自我概念不慌不忙自我发展
14. Importance of Transference in Relationship: Very strong 以人为本的疗法中移情十分重要，理论强调只有如此才可以真正的体会到服务对象的感受，从来去影响他
15. Significance of Unconscious in Functioning and Change：Somewhat 发展较为缓慢
                ——冯晖,助人自助——罗杰斯“求助者中心疗法”的理论与方法[J].伊犁师范学院学报.2009.
                                              杨韶刚.人本主义心理治疗的技术与发展[J].心理研究.2008
III. Value Base
16. Basic Human Nature (in order of preference)
Good; Neutral; Flawed 认为人是有潜能的
17. Activity (in order of preference)
Being in becoming; Doing; Being 强调此时此地
18. Relational (in order of preference)
Individual; Group 主要应用于个人
19. Time Preference
Past; Future; Present 关注当下
20. Relation to Nature: Overnature nature
                  ——余瑞琴,以人为本的心理疗法——患者中心疗法[J].山东师大学报（社会科学版）.2000.
                                              杨韶刚.人本主义心理治疗的技术与发展[J].心理研究.2008

IV. Perception of Person
21. Free Will- Determination Continuum
About Equal
22. Emotion-Rationality Continuum
Equally emotional and rational
23. Heredity-Environment as Factor in Development Continuum: Environment is not Strong 强调自我而非后天环境的影响
24. Human Ability to Change: Strong adaptable 人是可以改变的
25. Influence of Early History on Current Functioning
 highly relevant 人本主义是建立在之前大量的临床经验的基础上的
26. Nature of Mature Functioning : To believe people could help themselves
27. Nature of Personality Change
Find  their power and ability. Develop a new life.

                  ——余瑞琴,以人为本的心理疗法——患者中心疗法[J].山东师大学报（社会科学版）.2000.
                                                      Carl Rogers, Person-Centered Theory [N].台湾
V. Therapy
28. Principal Therapeutic Goal in Vocabulary Theory
To find clients’ needs, reach the self-actualization; Feel what the clients’ feel, and make person in center. Foster their ability, believe they could get the goal.目标致力协助当事人更加独立，能依照自己的意愿办事，使其性格更为统合（integrated）。
29. Importance & Role of History in Treatment
Very Importance
30. Concept of Diagnosis
No Diagnosis 此时此刻的关注代替了传统的诊断（损害尊严；冒险）
31. Concept of Assessment
Organism valuing process 自发的评估过程，反映个体的需要和协助自我实现的方法
32. Importance of Work with Significant Others
Depending
33. Importance of Work with Significant Environment
Neutral
34. Length of Treatment
Whatever Client Wants and Needs 根据需要决定

                                       ——唐淑云.吴永胜,罗杰斯人本主义心理学述介[J].哲学动态.2000.
                                                                人本主义疗法基本知识 [N]. sina.com

35. Role or Importance of Setting in Treatment角色或者治疗环境中的重要性：Highly Important
36. Function of Goal Setting-Importance 目标设置
Strongly important
37. Function of Goal Setting-Nature of
Strongly important
38. Principal Foci of Treatment 治疗焦点
Client’s perception feelings; The relationship between client and the worker
39. Principal Change –Agents
Relationship; Client’s feel
40. Principal Techniques
Listening; Empathy 无条件关怀、移情理解和积极诱导
                                       ——唐淑云.吴永胜,罗杰斯人本主义心理学述介[J].哲学动态.2000.
                                              杨韶刚.人本主义心理治疗的技术与发展[J].心理研究.2008
VI. Therapist
41. Importance of Self-Awareness自我意识
Strongly Important
42. Required Knowledge Base for Therapist
People’s needs; Existentialism; humanism ;  Psychoanalytic therapy 需求理论；存在主义理论；人道主义基础；精神分析
43. Required Skills for Therapist
Congruence 表里一致；unconditional positive regard无条件的关怀；empathy同感；
44. Training Required
BSW minimum;
45. Importance and Role of Supervision
Depends on setting & practice domain

                                                             ——人本主义疗法基本知识 [N]. sina.com
VII. The Application
46. Level of Applicability: Generally applicable 适用性
47. Micro-Macro Continuum: somewhat micro 较微观的理论
48. Methods Application
(1-Highly Applicable; 5-Minumal): Individuals 1; Dyads 2; Groups 3; Families 2; Communities 4（无依据）
49. Problem Targets问题目标: Diverse range of settings & fields of practice
50. Specific Client’s Targets特定目标: The problem about people’s needs and development
51. Known Risks: Lack of clear objectives and basic concepts to fully demonstrate效果较缓慢，发展速度也缓慢。
52. Limitations of Treatment: too much emphasis on self-realization and self-selection过多的自我实现与自我选择，缺乏引导与控制

                               ——朱艳新.张日,罗杰斯的人本主义思想与人格理论[J].社会科学论坛.2003.
                                陈生.存在—人本主义疗法评析[J].山西大同大学学报（社会科学版）.2007

三、参考资料汇总
[1]张一伊.都兰军,浅析人本主义心理学的新发展[J].社科纵横.2010.
[2]冯晖,助人自助——罗杰斯“求助者中心疗法”的理论与方[J].伊犁师范学院学报.2009.
[3]杨韶刚.人本主义心理治疗的技术与发展[J].心理研究.2008
[4]余瑞琴,以人为本的心理疗法——患者中心疗法[J].山东师大学报（社会科学版）.2000.
[5]Carl Rogers, Person-Centered Theory [N].台湾
[6]唐淑云.吴永胜,罗杰斯人本主义心理学述介[J].哲学动态.2000.
[7]人本主义疗法基本知识 [N]. sina.com
[8]朱艳新.张日,罗杰斯的人本主义思想与人格理论[J].社会科学论坛.2003.
[9]陈生.存在—人本主义疗法评析[J].山西大同大学学报（社会科学版）.2007