请你了解“插入语”

                                                     此文发表2005年第8期《中学文科》              

    插入语在英语中是句子的附加成分，其作用是对全句进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的看法或态度，不能修饰谓语，与全句关系不十分密切。章振邦先生主编的《新编英语语法》（修订本）把插入语称之为评注性状语（分离性状语）和连接性状语。插入语在句中起副词作用，一般置于句首，也可以置于句中或句末，常用逗号隔开，有时也用破折号隔开。例如：

a.       Surely, I’ve met you before, haven’t I ?

b.       You can do something to help us, surely.

c.       You surely don’t wish to be so impolite.

插入语常用于口语中，运用好插入语更能使语言丰富多彩，更能鲜明准确地表达思想，增强语言表达效果。就词汇意义来说，插入语可以表示列举、顺序或总结；意义增补或引申；等同；意义转折或对比；因果或推理；转换话题。从语义来说，插入语可以表示说话人的肯定态度或不太肯定态度；说话人的感情色彩；用来唤起对方的注意或争取对方的同意。插入语通常用形容词短语、副词（短语）、连词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、以及句子等形式来表示。下面归纳一下高中英语教材中常见的插入语：

一、形容词短语

常见的有：Worse still, What is more,  what is even more important,

         and even better, young and old等。例如：      

1.If she ran towards it, it might attack her. Worse still, it could even

carry off the baby in its mouth. (SB 2A L46) （更糟的是）            

2.He passed his exams, and even better, when he left university he had

earned enough money to start his own business. (SB3B L61) （而比这更好的是）

二、 副词（短语）

常见的有：personally, also, meanwhile, fortunately, unfortunately, strangely,

possibly, probably, however, besides, though, therefore, first of all, all the same,

indeed, certainly, surely等。例如：

1.       Personally, I’d rather go to the Science Museum. (SB2B L53)

（就我个人而言，表示说话人的态度或看法。

2.       Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. (SB2B L71) （幸运地）

三、连词

     常见的有：or, either…or, both…and, or rather, still（然而，可是，）等。例如：

1. A satellite is an object, either natural or man-made, which travels in an orbit

                round another object in space. (SB2B L54)（或是天然的，或是人造的）

          2.They, or rather thought that their father was on the same train.(SB2B L70)

（或者更确切地说）

四、介词短语

常见的有：in fact,  as a result,  by the way, in one’s opinion,  above all,

first of all, of course, to one’s joy/delight/surprise, for example, in that case,

in other words, in a word, for a start, on the other hand等。例如：

1.In my opinion, we should buy the IBM PC586. (SB1A L33) （依我看来）

         2. In a word, hunger is a big problem in the world today. (SB3A L14)

             （总之，表示总结）

3.For a start, how old was she when her father married again? (SB3B L81) （首先）

五、不定式短语

常见的有：to be sure, to make things worse, to tell you the truth, to be exact,

to be frank(坦率地说), to begin with(首先)to be safe, to be honest等。例如：

      1.  But I think we’ll give a shot, just to be safe. (SB2A L47) （为了安全）

2.       To be honest, I had no idea this would happen so soon..(SB3A L32)（老实说）  

六、分词短语

常见的有：generally(honestly)speaking, generally considering, judging from/by,

considering everything, strictly speaking等。例如：

1．  Judging from her accent, she must be a Canada.(根据…来判断)

             2.  Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way.(SB2A L25)

                （一般地说，表示说话人立场、观点和态度）

七、句子

常见的有：I say, I’m sorry, as we say ,you see/know, so/as far as I know,

I think/hope/mean, do you think/suppose/suggest, that is, that is to say, 等。例如：

1.       You see, I put some soil in the box, sow the seed carefully…(SB1A L17)

（你看，表示唤起对方的注意）

2.       What about the Natural History Museum?

So far as I know, it’s free. (SB2B L53) （就/据我所知）

八、省略句

1.       Is smoking a bad habit? If so, give your reasons and offer some advice

on how to stop it. If not, why? (SB 2A L6) （如果这样，如果不是）

2.       What kind of advertisements do you read

or watch on TV, if any? (SB3A L19) （如果有）

        练习：（高考题及模拟试题精选）

1．  Good techique in medicine means less pain and fewer death and,_____it is our duty

to master it.  （1992年上海卷）

   A.altogether   B.therefore    C.otherwise     D.however

2．  The pen I_____I____is on my desk, right under my nose.  (NMET1993)

A.think; lost    B.thought; had lost   C.think; had lost   D.thought; have lost

3.  She thought I was talking about her daughter,______,in fact,I was talking

about my daughter.  (NMET1995)

A.whom    B.where    C.which    D.while

4.  He made another wonderful discovery,_____of great importance to science.

A.which I think is        B.which I think it is     (1998年上海卷 )

C.which I think it        D.I think is

5.  He was very rude to the Customs officer, ____of course made things even worse. 

A.who   B.whom   C.what    D.which        （1998年上海卷）

6.  Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _____, neither of them could swim.

    A.In fact  B.Luckily  C.Unfortunately  D.Naturally  (2002 春季北京卷 )

7.        –It seems that you stayed up last night.     （2003年，江苏）

--Yes,I worked till late last night,_____,until early this morning.

A.even worse  B.that is  C.what’s worse  D.or rather

8.        –I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.

--______, let’s go and see him.   （2003年，北京海淀）

 A.What’s worse  B.If so  C.Where possible  D.When necessary

9.  –You keep on coughing. What’s the matter?  （2003年，北京西城）

--Oh,I’ve got a cold. Nothing serious, ________.

A.yet     B.indeed   C.though    D.anyway

 

10.The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China,_____,I dare say,

 will benefit the people there,especially those who are still leading a poor life.

 A.what  B.whatever  C.which  D.as         （2003年，湖北）

  11.—Shall we discuss the problem at the meeting today? （2003年，福建）

 ---We’d better not. ______,the problem isn’t so burning. What’s more,

   the manager won’t be back until tomorrow.    

 A.Begin with  B.Beginning with  C.To begin with  D.Being begun with

  12.She went to the game late._____, she left her ticket at home. （2003年，郑州）

 A.What’s worse B.That is  C.On the contrary D.To make things worse

  13.John seems a nice person. ______, I don’t trust him.  （2003年，东北三校）

 A.Even so   B.Even though  C.Therefore  D.Though

  14. It’s true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won’t take the new

 one, ______,because we don’t feel safe on it. （2003年，山东潍坊）

 A.somehow  B.though   C.therefore   D.otherwise

15.—How far apart do they live?          （2003年，上海）

 ---______I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.

 A.As long as  B.As far as  C.As well as  D.As often as

参考答案：1---5 BBDAD  6---10 CDBCC  11---15 CDABB