eliminate vt.排除, 消除v.除去。 解析:eliminate the possibility of排除可能性
【同】 remove, dismiss
【辨析】
remove可以表示将某物移到某处,不带感情色彩;

He removed the picture and put it in the drawer.
他把画取下来, 放到抽屉里。

Our office has removed.
我们的机关迁移了。

dismiss常指上级打发或遣走下级;

The new governor dismissed the staff that served his predecessor.
新州长将前任州长的职员全部解雇。

He dismissed me from the club.
他把我开除出俱乐部

eliminate指例行公事的排除某物,也指有系统的摧毁某物.

You must eliminate an unknown quantity.
你必须消去一个未知数。

The police have eliminated two suspects (from their enquiry).
警方（从调查中）已排除了两名受嫌疑的人.

Like radio buttons, list controls are powerful tools for simplifying interaction because they eliminate the possibility of making an invalid selection.
和单选按钮一样，列表控件是简化交互功能的强大工具，因为它排除了做出错误选择的可能性。

She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.
她认真检查了打字稿,排除了所有的错误。

25.onference, meeting和congregation

onference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会
解析:a fact-finding conference调查会；a press (news) conference记者招待会；be in conference正在开会讨论；call (convene, convoke) a conference召集会议；have a conference with和...协商［谈判］
【同】meeting, congregation, congress, council, assembly
【辨析】

meeting最为一般,最不正式,可以是偶然的,也可以是安排好的;

He spoke at the meeting in a bright voice.
他在会上大声地发言。

conference比较正式,可指两人或多人聚会;

Nearly all the members attended the conference.
几乎全体成员都出席了这次会议。

I'll have a conference with the manager.
我要和经理商谈一下。

assembly是多人的有计划的集会;

The National Assembly has[have] discussed the crisis.
国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。

congress常指立法机构,国家机关;

Congress has approved the new budget.
国会已批准了这项新的预算。

council可指多国参加的会议,也可指特定目标的非法定团体;

The matter was debated in the Security Council of the United Nations.
这个问题在联合国安全理事会辩论过。

congregation指某一宗教的会众,大写指以色列人.

a church congregation guided by a pastor. 
由一个牧师管理的教会。

26.choice, option和alternative

alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的
解析:have no alternative but除...外别无选择; 只有; 只好

【同】choice, option, preference

【辨析】 
choice 表示从一个系列的人或物中进行挑选;
He made a sane choice.
他做了一个明智的选择。

alternative强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间所作的选择:
An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do (Jane Austen). “伊丽莎白,你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择.…如果你不 嫁给柯林斯先生,你母亲会再也不愿见到你,而如果你要 嫁给他,我会再也不愿见到你”（简奥斯丁）.

option常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由:
The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee.
可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及重组选拔委员会之间作出选择.

preference指基于个人价值观,偏见或偏好上的选择,不一定很理性:
We were offered our preference of wines.
我们可以选择自己喜欢的葡萄酒.

selection含有可供选择的许多不同的人或物的意思;
election特别强调选择时使用判断力,也指选举:
The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature.校方建议选择有关写作与文学的课程.

27.financial, fiscal和 monetary 

financial a.财政的 金融的 解析:【同】fiscal, monetary

financial 常表示大额交易.与fiscal的区别是:战略及战术的区别,宏观及微观的区别.

Many computer software corporations are experiencing financial reverses. 
许多计算机公司经历过财政危机.

fiscal尤指一国的财政政策.

The Secretary of the Treasury is the chief fiscal officer of our government.
财政部长是我国的财政首脑.(treasury bond国库券)

monetary 常指铸币流通或货币政策.

The basic monetary unit of the United States is the dollar. 美国货币基本单位是美元.

28.difference, unlikeness, divergence和variation

distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫
解析:a distinction without a difference名义上的区别,人为的区别
confer a distinction on (upon) sb. 授与某人勋章(称号)
draw (make) a distinction between对…加以区别
gain (attain, win) distinction出名
graduate from college with distinction以优异成绩毕业
rise to distinction出名
serve with distinction in the war立下战功
win a distinction for因…而获功勋;荣获勋章(或称号)
with distinction以优异的成绩;以杰出的表现
without distinction无差别地,一视同仁地

【同】difference, unlikeness, divergence, variation, distinction, discrepancy

【辨析】difference最为普通
differences in color and size 颜色和尺寸间的差别;

dissimilarity是指在其它方面很相似或非常类似的事物间的差异;
a striking dissimilarity between the personalities of the sisters
姐妹间个性的显著差异.

unlikeness usually implies greater and more obvious difference
unlikeness经常暗含着较大和较明显的差别;

more likeness than unlikeness among children of that age.
那个年龄的孩子们间的相似远多于差异.

divergence是指原本相似的事物间逐渐增加的差异;
points of divergence between British and American English英语和美语间的不同点

variation指相同等级或种类的差异,通常指原始的,指定的或典型的事物的变更;
variations in temperature 温度的变化

distinction通常的意思为相似的或相关的事物间的细节差异,只能通过仔细的检查才能确定的;
the distinction in meaning between Good and Excellent “好的”和“出色”两词的词义差别.

discrenpancy是指本应一致或匹配的事物,因意外条件而不一致,造成了事物间的差异.
a discrepancy between what was promised and what was done 所说的和所做的之间的差异

29.factors,element和 ingredient

factors n.因素,要素,因数
解析:【同】element, ingredient,
【辨析】
factor具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体的成分;

Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.

勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。

element强调这一部分是基础性的,不可或缺的,如元素;

Cells are the elements of the human body.

细胞是人体的基本单位。

ingredient只是表明构成一种混合物的的成分.

Imagination and hard work are the ingredients of success.

想像力和勤劳是成功的要素。

What are the ingredients of the cake?

这蛋糕是用哪些原料做成的?

30.environmental, surroundings和vicinity

environmental adj.周围的, 环境的

解析:【衍】environment 环境

【同】surroundings, vicinity

environment 指人与自然界生存的环境,或是某种比喻的环境;

a growing consciousness of environmental issues among children
儿童对环境问题不断提高的意识

surroundings指围绕着某物的周遭环境,注意是复数;

She is adaptable to new surroundings.
她是一个能适应新环境的人。

vicinity指近处的范围,in the vicinity of.

from the vicinity of the Senegal river.
来自塞内加尔河附近地区。

31.established, build, construct, erect, found和 set up辨析

established adj.已制定的, 确定的

解析:【衍】establish

【同】build, construct, erect, found, set up

【辨析】辨析同义词可以由它们所带的宾语反推出其区别.

build一般指建立,修建,常带house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等;

You can trust his word, he's been building for more than 20 years.
你可以相信他的话, 20多年来他一直在从事建筑。

construct指用各种材料建成一个整体,着重构筑,书面语;

He has constructed a new theory.
他建立了一种新理论。

erect指竖立,有一定高度;

I don't want to see a system like that will be erected.
我不希望看到那种制度被建立起来。

establish有稳固建成的意思,常带school, reputation, government等;

He was appointed to the newly established Department of the Environment.

他获任命到新成立的环保部工作。

set up着重开始的意思,如monument, school,set up 着重开始,草创.

A monument was set up as a memorial to the dead soldiers.
为阵亡将士立了一个纪念碑。

32.estimate, appraise, assess和evaluate

assessment 评估,估算,评价

解析:动词assess

【同】estimate, appraise, assess, evaluate这些词都表示对客体的重要性形成定论

estimate暗示评价的主观性和不精确

The gardener estimated that it would take him four hours to weed the garden.
园丁估计他给花园除草需要四个小时。

appraise 表示专业水准的评估 ,名词appraisal

He appraised the necklace at ￡1000.
据他估计, 项链价值1000英镑。

assess 表示为确定某物的应税价值而作出的权威估价

assess housing demand regularly and accurately; 
定期和准确地评估房屋需求；

evaluate 表示在确定价值时经过了深思熟虑,不一定是金钱价值

I can not evaluate his ability. 
我不能评价他的能力。

33.age, epoch, era和period

period n.时期, 学时, 节, 句点, 周期, （妇女的）经期;adj.过去某段时期的

解析:【衍】periodical 期刊,如monthly, weekly, daily等

【同】age, epoch, era

【辨析】

age通常具有某种显著特征,也指考古学上的时代;

The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.
这位哲人是百代之师。

epoch 纪元, 时期, 时代(指发生重大事件的时代)

We're at the end of the historical epoch, and at the dawn of another.
我们正处在一个历史时代的末期, 另一个历史时代的开端。

era 历史时期，时代（强调整个历程）

We are living in the information era.
我们生活在信息时代。

period 时期，时代（指一般时间,可长可短）

Mary was restored to health after a period of medical treatment.
经过一段时间治疗, 玛丽康复了。

This is his most difficult period.
这是他最困难的时期。

34.previous, preceding, foregoing, prior和former

previous adj.在前的, 早先的adv.在...以前

解析:previous to (=before)在...之前

【同】preceding, foregoing, prior, former

【辨析】preceding指在时间或地点上占先;

peeks at the message preceding the message specified by 
指定的消息的前一条消息。 

foregoing 指之前讲话的内容;

the foregoing analysis shows that we are right 
以上的分析表明我们是对的。

previous指已经存在或发生过的;

His previous attempt was successful.
他以前的尝试成功了。

prior 还带有更为重要的意思,如priority;

You must give this matter priority.
你必须优先处理此事。

former 与latter所指事物构成对比.通常是两者构成对比.

a former Spanish gold coin. 
一种早期的西班牙金币。

35.removed, distant, faraway和far-off

removed adj.离开的,远离…的

解析:【同】distant, far, far-off, faraway, remote, removed

【辨析】These adjectives mean apart from others in space, time, or relationship.

distant 可以表示特定的分离或确定的距离

a house a mile distant from town距市镇一英里的房屋

heard the sound of distant traffic

far 表示遥远的距离

“We be come from a far country”(Joshua 9:6).我们来自远方.

far-off及 faraway暗示比far更大的距离

troops landing on far-off shores 上了远处海岸的部队

remote不仅表示孤独,还表示时空上的遥远

remote stars 远处的星星

removed 两个实体在时间空间及种类上的分别

a civilization ten centuries removed from modern times 距现代十世纪的一个文明

36.evidence, distinct, obvious, apparent和clear

evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物
解析:It was early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets.
天还早,街上的几个行人清晰可见.

【衍】evident
【同】distinct, obvious, apparent, clear, plain

【辨析】evident总包含一定的迹象.
It's evident that someone has been here.很明显有人来过.
 
distinct 指轮廓或意义清晰,不需费力就可看出
Though they talked in a low voice, they could be heard distinctly.
虽然他们低声谈话,还是可以很清楚地听到.

obvious常指欲掩弥彰,非常清楚,常有反面含义.
Some problems is so obvious at the first time 
有些问题从一开始就是显而易见的。
 
apparent表示根据迹象进行推理,得出明显的结论.
She remained silent ; her disappointment was apparent 
她一直没说话显然很失望。

clear的根本意思是 “清” 不但有清晰之义,还有流畅,清澈的意思, 如clear water;clean指“洁".

plain暗示因为浅显而清楚.

37.link, join, unite, combine, connect, relate和associate

link n. 链接,连接,联合 v. 联合

解析:【同】join, unite, combine, connect, relate, associate

【辨析】join暗指使本无关联的事物有接触或联系;

【例句】 Will you come and join us for dinner on sunday? 星期天来和我们共进晚餐晚饭好吗？

combine指联合之后使得个体被忽略,强调整体性;

【例句】 What can be done to combine these two together? 能否将二者有机的结合?另辟蹊径？

unite强调多个个体单位结合,丧失了个体特性,如the United States （uni-有统一的意思）;

【例句】 we show a united front , we show no mercy 我们达成统一战线，不留丝毫宽恕和怜悯

connect这是一种松散的联合,没有失去个体特征;

【例句】 All conducting elements must be connected to earth 所有导电元件都须连接到大地

associate强调空间或逻辑上共同发生或存在,强调作为一个整体;

【例句】 Instance is not associated with a performance counter 实例未与性能计数器关联。

relate指一种真实的连接客观存在.

【例句】 The acceleration is related to the mass of the object 加速度与物体的质量有关。

38.significant, important, vital和serious

significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的

解析:【助记法】sign 记号,下意识的具有优越性.
【同】important, vital, serious

【辨析】
significant表示该事物非常突出及有优越性,此意来自signify 意味着;

【例句】the year 1913 brought several significant changes 
        1913年发生了一些重大的改变
  
  no significant post - operative complication was found 
        没有出现显著的术后并发症
  
important较普通,强调某物值得重视;
【例句】the second reason is by far the more important of the two 
        第二个原因更为重要

vital表示极其重要,生死悠关;
【例句】To young people , job opportunities are very vital 
         工作机会对于年轻人最为重要

serious表示严肃的重大的,与轻松相对.
【例句】如I'm serious.我说正经的.

39.create,compose, invent, design和make

create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成

解析:【同】compose, invent, design, produce, manufacture, make都含“创造”的意思.

create指“有目的地把原材料制成新产品”; 也指“ 创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物”, Creator 指创造者,上帝,如:

We've created a beautiful new building from out of an old ruin.

我们从废墟上创建了一幢漂亮的新楼.

compose 指“ 创作(诗,画,音乐或文章等)”com是在一起,pose指放置 如:

The poet composed a new poem.

这位诗人创作了一首新诗.

design 指“制作某物之前深思熟虑地构思”, 如:

It was he that designed the garden.

这个花园是他设计的.

invent指“通过想象,研究,劳动, 创造出前所未有的东西”, 尤指“科技上的发明创造”, 如:

Edison invented the light bulb.

爱迪生发明了电灯炮.

make是最常用词, 指“用劳动地任何制造,生产,形成或组成”, 如:

All kinds of precision machine tools are made in this factory.

这家工厂制造各种精密机床.

manufacture 指大规模的制造生产,manu指手,fact 表示构造 如:

Shoes have been manufactured in this town for centuries.

produce指“通过劳动加工而生产产品”, 尤指“工农业产品”, 如:

We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.

我们必须增产食品, 减少进口.

重音在第一个音节时意思是农产品.

production, productive power, productivity

40.assume和suppose

41.area,district,zone和region

42.profit, advantage, interest和benefit

43.acquisition, obtain和gain

44.occur, happen和take place

45.resolution 与 decision, determination

resolution n.坚定, 决心, 决定, 决议

解析:the resolution of our difficulties 解决我们的困难的方法

She's always making good resolutions. 她决心总是下得很好.

visual resolution目力分辨率

adopt (carry, pass) a resolution通过决议, 作出决议

come to a resolution (=form [make, take] a resolution)决心, 拿定主意

【同】resolution, decision, determination

【辨析】resolution指刻意,或正式的表示决心,有理智的实现目标的行动;

determination 常指坚决肯定的,有时甚至是固执的的意向,强调顽强的意志力;

decision含有快速的意味,没有退缩,而是具体的去行动和执行.

------------------------------------------

retain vt.保持, 保留

解析:eliminate the false and retain the true去伪存真

retain one's presence of mind镇定自若

retain an appearance of youth保有年轻的外貌

a vessel to retain water盛水的容器

retain these distinctions记住这些区别

46.affect 与 influence, impress, touch, move, strike

affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装

解析:注意词形的区别

【同】affect, influence, impress, touch, move, strike 这些词都表示产生某种情感或精神上的影响.

influence暗含对他人感情,思想以及行为的控制及左右的程度;

Humanity is profoundly influenced by what you do.(John Paul II).你的所做所为深刻地影响人类（约翰保罗二世）.

impress是指产生一种显著的,深刻的,通常是持久的效果;

The Tibetan landscape particularly impressed him.

西藏的风光给他留下了非同寻常的印象.

touch通常指激起一种温柔的反应,例如爱,感激或激情;

The tributes were fitting and touching.

“颂辞恰如其分,感人至深.”（丹尼尔.卡里亚哥）.

move暗指深刻的情感效果,有时导致行动或具有进一步后果;

The account of her experiences as a refugee moved us to tears.

她的难民经历的描述感动得我们热泪盈眶.

strike暗含对刺激反应的强烈感情或心理力量,来自打击的根本含义;

I was struck by the sudden change in his behavior.

我对他行为的突变而感到震惊.

affect通常指感情方面, affect 的宾语是物时,它包含着足以引起反应的刺激,有时包含一定的改变.

The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health.

天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体.

47.controversy与argument, debate, dispute, quarrel

controversy n.论战,争论,辩论

解析:the scientific controversy科学上的论争

beyond controversy无可争议

【同】argument, debate, dispute, quarrel

【辨析】controversy指集团之间,宗派之间以文章,演讲形式进行的争论;

argument,debate,dispute指口头争论,argument的争论不一定能得到解决;

debate常指分组或个人的争论,目的是为了辨清真理;

quarrel是普通词汇,既可表示温和的争论,也可表示激烈的争吵.

conversely adv.倒的,逆的

解析:converse proposition逆命题

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erosion n. 腐蚀,浸蚀

ethical adj.与伦理有关的,民族的,民族特有的

解析:ethical standard 伦理标准

48.device与machine, apparatus, appliance

device n.装置,设计,图案,策略,发明物,设备;【计】安装设备驱动程序

解析:leave to (one's) own devices听任某人任意而为

【同】 machine, apparatus, appliance

【辨析】 machine表示由可拆装的零件组成的机器,通常可以长久使用;

device通常指简单的器械;

apparatus指特殊器械,不用于大量生产;

appliance指家用电器或用于残疾人的辅助器械.

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devote v.投身于,献身于

解析:This magazine is devoted to science.

这份杂志专登科技文章.

diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小

解析:His illness diminished his strength.

他的病削弱了他的体力.

distorted adj.扭曲的,受到曲解的

解析:a distorted view 偏见

distortion n.扭曲,变形,曲解,失真

duration n. 持续时间,为期

解析:for the duration 在整个期间

49.adjacent与neighboring, adjoining, near

adjacent adj.相邻的,临近的

解析:【同】neighboring, adjoining, near

【辨析】neighboring最不正式,只是地点上互相接近,并不一定有互相接触;

adjoining指并排联接,互相接触,比neighboring更紧密;

adjacent可指相邻的,还可指相互隔开但距离较近的;

near只是指距离上接近,比neighboring更远些.

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albeit conj. 虽然

解析:Albeit fair, she was not sought after.尽管她很美,却没人追求.

assembly n.集合,集会

解析:辨析见conference

collapse n倒塌,崩溃,虚脱v.倒塌,崩溃,瓦解

解析:chairs that collapse for storage折椅

colleague n.同事

complied v遵照,顺从

解析:注意常用过去分词

All the citizens must comply with the law.一切公民必须遵守法律.

comply with a formality履行手续

conceived vt.构思,以为,持有;vi 怀孕,考虑,设想

解析:注意常用过去分词

conceive prejudices抱偏见

convinced adj. 确信的,深信的;v. 说服

解析:convince oneself of充分搞明白

depression n.沮丧,消沉

解析:【助记法】press表示按压,印

fall into a (deep) depression变得沮丧

morose 郁闷

encountered v.遭遇,遇到 n.遭遇,遇到

解析:注意常用过去分词

a tense naval encounter 激烈的海军遭遇战

an unexpected encounter不期而遇

50.enormous与huge, gigantic, vast

enormous adj.巨大的,庞大的

解析:【同】immense, huge, gigantic, colossal, tremendous, vast

【辨析】enormous暗示大的超出了一般的尺寸enormous expenses巨额费用;

immense指无法测量的大an immense crowd of people人山人海;

huge是尺寸或容量的巨大a huge wave巨浪

gigantic指尺寸的大a gigantic redwood tree巨杉;

colossal指大得让人望而生畏has a colossal nerve大胆;

tremendous指体积或程度巨大,大得吓人 a tremendous meal 一顿大餐;

vast指平面的辽阔,广阔vast forest 广阔的森林.

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forthcoming adj.即将来临的 n.来临

解析:He was very forthcoming.他很和蔼可亲.

inclination n.倾斜,弯曲,爱好

解析:have an inclination for爱好

against one's inclination违反本意

integrity n.完全,正直,诚实

解析:a man of integrity正直的人

moral integrity气节

territorial integrity领土完整

in one's integrity原封未动

51.intrinsic 与 inherent, innate

intrinsic adj.固有的,内在的

解析:【同】 inherent, innate

【辨析】 inherent 表示作为某事的基础或包含于某物的固有特性;

innate指与生俱来的,深深印入事物内部的东西,如某种才能;

intrinsic指事物保持自身特点的起码要素和基本成分.

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invoke v.祈求,援引,引用

解析:注意常用过去分词

invoke the veto 使用否决权

invoke sb.'s help恳求某人帮助

levy n.征收,征税 v.征收

解析:levy a ransom on sb. 向某人索取赎金

levy war against (upon)对…开战

likewise adv.同样的,又 n.同样

解析:Watch him and do likewise.留心看着他,照样做.

nonetheless adv.虽然如此,但是

notwithstanding prep.尽管虽然 adv.尽管虽然 conj.尽管虽然

解析:The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain.

尽管下雨,各队仍然比赛.

Notwithstanding his objections the marriage took place. 尽管他有异议,婚礼还是进行了.

52.odd 与 peculiar, queer, strange

odd adj.奇数的, 单数的, 单只的, 不成对的, 临时的, 不固定的, 带零头的, 余的

解析:invited 30-odd guests邀请了三十来位客人

called at odd intervals不定时的来访

an odd glove 单只手套

【同】peculiar, queer, strange

【辨析】odd指“超出常规的”或“超出预期的不正常的”, 强调“违反正常情况”, 如:

The book is an odd combination of audacity and intense conservatism.

那本书很怪, 所谈内容既很大胆, 又非常保守.

peculiar指“与众不同的”,“罕见的”, 强调“独特性”, 如:

He is very peculiar in his behavior.他的举止很古怪.

queer 指“古怪的”, 强调“违反正常的”, 含有“可笑的”,“可疑的”的意思, 如:

I had a queer sensation as if a worm was creeping down my spine.

我有一种可疑的感觉, 好象有个虫子在顺着我的脊梁往下爬似的.

strange是最普通,应用范围最广的词, 指“奇怪的”,“陌生的”, 强调“不常见的”,“生疏的”, 如:

It's strange that the bus has been delayed so long.

真奇怪, 汽车竟耽误这么长时间.