三、中国饮品文化

Chinese Drinking Culture

1. 中国的茶文化 Chinese Tea Culture

中国是茶的故乡，中国人种茶饮茶的

历史已有几千年了。茶最初被当做治病的药

材，称为“荼”。在长期用茶治病的过程

中，人们渐渐发现，茶不仅能治病，而且味

道清香，可以清热解渴，于是茶慢慢成为人

们喜爱的一种饮料，成为人们生活中一种不

可替代的必需品。空闲时一杯清茶怡情养

性，忙碌时一杯清茶提神醒脑，聚会时一杯

清茶又是中国人待客的佳品。

中国茶种类繁多，主要分为绿茶、红

茶、乌龙茶、花茶等。绿茶是不经过发酵的

茶，冲泡出来颜色翠绿、清香扑鼻。杭州西

湖的龙井茶、苏州太湖的碧螺春、安徽的黄

山毛峰是绿茶的代表。红茶是经过充分发酵

的茶，冲泡出来颜色红艳、香甜甘醇，以安

徽祁门红茶最为出名。乌龙茶介于绿茶和红

茶之间，是半发酵的茶，综合了绿茶和红

茶的制法，既有红茶的浓

鲜味，又有绿茶的清香，

并有“绿叶红镶边”的美

誉。台湾的冻顶乌龙和福

建的武夷岩茶是乌龙茶的

代表。花茶又名香片，利

用茶叶善于吸收异味的特

点，将有香味的鲜花和新

茶一起闷放，待到茶将香

味吸收后，就制成了茶香、花香融合在一起

的花茶。北方人多偏好香味浓郁的茉莉花

茶。此外，常见的花茶还包括菊花茶、玉兰

花茶、桂花茶、玫瑰花茶等。

如今，茶叶已经为世界各国人民所接

China is the birthplace of tea. Thousands of years ago,

Chinese people started growing and drinking tea. Tea was

first used as herbal medicine called "tu". During the treating

process, people gradually found that tea could not only cure

illness but also help to clear heat away; thereafter tea became

an indispensable drink. In times of leisure, a cup of tea helps

cultivate moral reflection; in busy times, it refreshes. Chinese

always welcome their guests with tea.

There is a wide variety of teas which are roughly

classed into four groups: green, black, oolong and scented.

Green tea is not fermented. It is jade green and has a light

fragrance. Representative types are Longjing Tea from

Hangzhou Xihu, Biluochun Tea from Suzhou Taihu and

Maofeng Tea from Anhui Huangshan. Black tea requires

fermentation; it is dark red, and tastes fragrantly sweet.

Qimen black tea in Anhui is the most famous variety; it has

the sweet taste of black tea and the scent of green tea. Scented

tea is also called fragrant tea.

Dingdong Oolong from Taiwan

and Wuyiyan tea from Fujian

are representatives of oolong

tea. Tea is an ideal product to

absorb any peculiar smell, thus

people put fresh flowers and

new tea together in an airtight

space. As the tea absorbs the

flower fragrance, it becomes a scented tea with the scent of

both tea and flowers. Most Northerners prefer the heavyflavored

jasmine tea. Chrysanthemum tea, magnolia flower

tea, sweet osmanthus flower tea and rose tea are common

scented teas.

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受，与咖啡、可可并称为世界三大饮料。

中国茶艺在世界享有盛誉，在唐代就传入

日本，发展成为日本茶道。不仅对茶叶、

泡茶用的水和茶具等进行专门研究，甚至

使饮茶逐渐演变成为一门艺术，使人在闻

香、观色、赏味中细细体会茶叶的妙处。

用大碗大口喝的饮法，只是解渴，不是品

茶。品茶要细细品尝茶的味道，一般先把

茶杯捧到面前闻茶香，再看茶的颜色，然

后再慢慢品尝茶叶的味道。

总之，中国茶文化已经成为中华饮

食文化中的一个重要组成部分。

Nowadays, tea is enjoyed by people all over the world and is

one of the world's three major drinks along with coffee and cocoa.

Chinese tea art is prestigious in the world, and was introduced into

Japan during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and then developed into

Japanese tea art. Now tea, water, tea sets, and the way of drinking

have developed into an art form widely studied. Simply gulping up

tea rids one of thirstiness but, to enjoy tea, one should sip it slowly,

smelling, watching and tasting it. When taking, up a cup of tea, one

should first smell it for its fragrance, appreciate its color, and then

sip it leisurely and savor its taste.

Chinese tea culture has become an important part of

Chinese culinary culture.

2. 中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture

中国酿酒、饮酒的历史源远流

长，考古挖掘出的一些酿酒、饮酒的陶

器证明，早在五千年前中国人就已经

能酿造低度的粮食酒了。甲骨文、金文

的“酒”字，以及丰富多彩的青铜酒

器均说明在商周时期造酒业已经十分发

达了。蒸馏器的发明，在中国造酒业发

展过程中具有里程碑意义。在距今大约

一千年前的宋代，中国人采取蒸馏法，

酿造出了酒精度较高的粮食酒，也就是

人们现在所说的白酒。

China has a long history of making and drinking wine. Pottery

excavated proves that Chinese people started brewing mild grain

liquor 5,000 years ago. Chinese inscriptions on bones or tortoise

shells, bronze inscription of the Chinese character "wine" and the

rich varieties of bronze wine vessels all show that the wine industry

was already well developed by the Shang (1600-1100 BC) and

Zhou (1100-256 BC) Dynasties. The invention of the distilling

process was a milestone for the Chinese wine industry. About 1,000

years ago, in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), using the distilling

process the Chinese were able to make highly alcoholic grain wine,

which is now called liquor.

Chinese wine can be classified into two categories: rice wine

(yellow wine) and liquor. As the oldest wine in China, rice wine is a

low alcoholic wine made from glutinous rice. Because of its bright

orange yellow color, it is also called Yellow Wine. Zhuangyuanhong

Red, Jiafan Wine and Huadiao Wine are famous Yellow Wines.

It has a 10%-20% alcohol content, is the most nutritious among

Chinese liquors, and tastes mellow and delicious. Rice wine can

be used for cooking, particularly for mutton and fresh fish. It can

remove the fishiness and also increase the fresh flavor.

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中国酒主要分为黄酒和白酒两类。

黄酒是中国最古老的酒类，以糯米为原

料，属于低度粮食酒。因酒液黄亮，色

泽橙黄，清澈透明，故称为黄酒，状元

红、加饭酒、花雕酒等都是著名的黄

酒。黄酒酒精含量较低，一般在10~20

度之间，但营养价值却是各类酒中最高

的，喝起来甘甜味美。除饮用外，也

可作为烹调中国菜的调料。在烹调荤菜

时，特别是羊肉、鲜鱼时加入少许，不

仅可以去腥味，还能增加鲜味。

白酒是中国最有代表性的酒类，

以麦、黍、高粱、玉米、红薯等粮食为

原料，通过蒸馏法酿造而成，属于高度

粮食酒。因酒液无色透明，故称白酒，

茅台、五粮液等是中国白酒的代表。白

酒芳香浓郁，醇和软润，风味多样，酒

精含量较高，一般在38度以上，有的甚

至高达67度，因而有些人直呼其为烈性

酒。

在中国，酒时时可见，处处可见，

在中国人生活中占有重要的位置，与人

们的生活紧密相连。无论在文学艺术创

作、文化娱乐还是饮食烹饪、养生等各

方面，都能看到它的影子。

“酒逢知己千杯少”，中国人以

酒为礼，以酒为仪，以酒迎宾，以酒庆

贺，以酒祈福，以酒表意，以酒抒情，

以酒为祭。新房建成有新居酒，发生矛

盾有和解酒，得人帮助有谢情酒，开业

庆典要吃吉利酒，逢年过节要喝团圆

酒。小到婚丧嫁娶、朋友聚会，大到国

家庆典，只要是中国人聚会的场合，大

都离不了酒。总之，酒已经成为中华饮

食文化中的重要组成部分，渗透于社会

生活的各个领域。

Liquor (White Wine) is the most typical wine in China; it

is a highly alcoholic wine made from millet, sorghum, corn and

sweet potato through distilling. Because of the crystal color, it is

called White Wine. Maotai and Wuliangye are the representatives

of Chinese liquor. White wine smells fragrant and has a high

alcohol content, usually more than 38 percent, sometimes reaching

67 percent. Thus people consider it a "hard" liquor.

In China, liquor can be seen anywhere and anytime. It plays

an important and indispensable role in people's lives. There are

many references to it in literature, entertainment, catering and

health preservation.

"Drinking with a good friend, a thousand shots are not

enough"; wine is part of etiquette for Chinese people. We welcome

our guests with wine, celebrate with wine, pray for fortune with

wine, express emotions with wine, sacrifice animals to heaven

with wine, move into new buildings with wine, reconcile with

wine, give thanks with wine, open ceremonies with wine and

enjoy festivals with wine. From weddings and funerals to state

banguets, when Chinese people get together, wine must be served.

Wine has become a part of Chinese dining culture in every corner

of the country.