初中阶段常见使役动词的用法
新东方优能中学 詹清蓝
在初中学习阶段,大家会接触到四个很重要的使役动词let, make, have, get,leave,keep.而很多同学对于这四个使役动词的用法比较模糊,只知其一不知其二,在做题中容易出现错误。在此为大家总结出使役动词let, make, have, get,leave,keep的用法以及在中考中常考的知识点。
一.定义
使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令),let(让),help(帮助),have(叫)等。
二.使役动词的用法
1. let
(1)let sb. do sth.
e.g. My mother let me go to the concert last night.
let放在句中我们所用的结构是:let sb. do sth. 解释为让某人做某事,这里是省略to的不定式。
(2)let+宾语+adv./prep. 让……,多表示方向
— Don’t let the dog out of the room. 他把狗放出了房间。
— Please let me in. 请让我进去。
2. make使…… (有轻微强迫之意)
(1)make sb. do sth.
在解释为让某人做某事时,make的用法和let完全一样。
因此,刚才那句例句也可改成:My mother made me go to the concert last night.
(2)make+宾语+adj./adv./prep. 使……处于某种状态 ,使变得……
这个用法大家注意,解释为让某事某人怎样或成为,此句型经常用于写作中。
e.g. The news made him happy. (句型:make sb. adj.)
He made her his wife. (句型:make sb. n.,解释为让她成为他的妻子)
(3)make sth. done
He couldn't make himself understood. (句型: make sb. done, 解释为让某人自己被别人理解)
(4)make +宾语+n. 使……成为……
— We made him the leader of the team. 我们让他当我们的队长。
— She made her diary her best friend. 她把日记当做她最好的朋友。
3. have使,让,不用于被动语态
(1) have sb. do sth.
让某人做某事,和make,let用法一样
(2) have sb. doing sth.
doing表示持续地做某件事。
e.g. My mother had me playing the piano all the day.
His joke hade me laughing for a long time.
We can’t have him ____ like that all day.
A. to work B. working C. to be worked D. work
答案选B。
【注意】通过以上例子大家可以发现:一般表示持续性的动作句中都会有相应的时间状语标志词。
(3) have sth. done
解释为让某事被做,遭受到。(被动语态)
e.g. He had his money stolen last night. (他的钱被偷了)
He will have his hair cut. (头发被剪)
4. get使,让
(1) get sb. to do sth.
也是解释为让某人做某事,但要注意!!这里不能省略to。
e.g. My mother got me to go to the concert.
(2.)get sth. done
解释为让某事被做时,用法和have一样。
(3)get+宾语+adj./adv./prep. 使……发生
— Please get your tickets ready. 请准备好票。
5.leave让,使,带走 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态
(1)leave +宾语+to do sth.让某人做某事,强调未来动作
— Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。
(2)leave +宾语+doing 让某人做某事,或继续处于某种状态,强调当时正在发生的动作
— What he said left me thinking deeply. 他的话使我陷入了沉思。
— Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 外面下雨,别让她在外面等了。
(3)leave +宾语+done 使……处于某种被动状态,强调动作的被动性
— We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
(4)leave 宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……处于某一特定状态
— Who left the door open? 谁让门开着?
— Don’t leave the door unlocked. 别忘了锁门。
6. keep使,让,保持
(1)keep +宾语+doing 使某人处于做某事的状态中,强调动作延续一段时间
— I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起,让您久等了。
(2)keep +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 使……处于特定状态
— Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室干净。
(3)keep +宾语+done 使……处于被动状态
— I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this. 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。
常考用法总结:
1. 让某人做某事:make/have/let sb. do sth.
get sb. to do sth.
2.让某事被做:make/have/get/keep sth. done
3. 让某人持续做某件事:have/keep sb. doing sth.
4.让某事某人怎样或成为: make sb./sth. adj./n.
例题精讲
1. The cry of the baby made her ______ (cry)
答案:cry
解析:使役动词make的用法:make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,故这里填动词原形。
2. 2. The teacher wanted me to clean the classroom. (改成have)
答案:The teacher had me clean the classroom.
解析:使役动词have的用法:have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,这里句子时态为过去时,所以用had。
3. I practised English. My mother had me do it. (两句并一句)
答案:My mother had me practise English.
4. My father___ me to finish my homework.
A. got B. let C. have D. make
答案:A
解析:使役动词get的用法:get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。其余3个词都是加省略to的不定式。
5. I will go to have my car _____ .
A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair
答案:B
解析:使役动词have的用法:have sth. done. 让某事被做,所以用repair的过去分词repaired。
三.使役动词的被动语态
[归纳]在以动词不定式作宾语补足语的复合结构中,使役动词的被动语态应注意的几种情况:
1.make 后面 作宾语补足语的不定式不带 to. 但是在被动语态中,不定式的 to 要还原。 例如:
(主)He made me laugh.
他使我笑了。
(被)I was made to laugh by him.
我被他逗笑了。
2. let可用于被动语态结构,其后不定式可带to,也可不带to。但这种结构很少使用。例如:
He was not let (to) smoke by his father.
他的父亲不允许他吸烟。
3. have 和get无被动语态结构。
例题精讲
They were made ____ fourteen hours a day.
A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
答案:D。make sb. do sth.变为被动语态需在后面加上to.
小试牛刀
1. -Did you have anyone_____the house?
-yes, I have got the house_____well
A.to clean , clean B.clean cleaned
C.to clean ,cleaned
2. He had often made his little sister____,but today he was made____by his little sister.
A.cry,to cry B.crying,crying
C.cry,cry D.to cry,cry
3.John was made____the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash B.washing
C.wash D.to be washed
4.Paul doesn't have to be made____.He always work shard.
A.learn B.to learn
C.learned D.learning
5.He not only made the workers____long hours but he was also seen____them.
A.work,beat B.to work,to beat
C.work,to beat D.to work,beat
6. We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very________.
A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested
7.He _______her his wife.
A. married B. found C. made D. chose
8.——How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?
——It makes me _______ very proud.(08黄冈市)
A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel
9.The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means, he _______ work 14 hours a day.【2011河源】
A.was made B.made C.was making D.was made to
10.The cave was quite dark inside,so he made some candles ____ light.
A.give B.to give C.giving D.given
答案:BAABC CCDDB
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