Ving作状语 Ving as adverbial

一.概念：Ving作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表时间，原因，条件，让步，结果，行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等。

1.时间状语

  常位于句首。一般式doing相当于when,while引导的时间状语从句，完成时having done相当于after引导的时间状语从句。

e.g. When she heard the news,she burst out crying.

→  Hearing the news,she burst out crying.

e.g. I decided to write back after I received his letter.

→  Having received his letter,I decided to write back.

2.原因状语

  相当于because,as,since等引导的原因状语从句，常位于句首。

e.g. He couldn`t walk any farther because he was very tired out.

→  Being tired,he couldn`t walk any farther.

e.g. Having lived in Shantou for years,I know this place very well.

3.条件状语

  相当于if引导条件状语从句，常位于句首。

e.g. Turning to the left,you`ll find a book store.

4.让步状语：although, though引导

5.表伴随，行为方式，补充说明

  相当于由and连接的两个动词或分句，常置于句末。

e.g. They stood there for over an hour watching the game.

6.表结果

  通常位于句末，可扩展为一个简单句。

e.g.The guard fried,killing one of the prisoners.