Welcome to the Unit

Step 1: Brainstorming

Medicines are important to all of us. Can you name any jobs that relate to medicine? Please guess what the jobs are according to the descriptions or definitions of different jobs related to medicine.

1. a person who prepares and sells medicine (a chemist)

2. a person who examines people’s eyes to see if they need to wear glasses (an eye doctor or an optician)

3. a person who takes care of people’s teeth (a dentist)

4. a person who has general skill to treat physical problems (a physician)

5. a person who performs medical operations (a surgeon)

 

 

 

 

 

Step 2: Sharing information

Look at the following pictures and answer some questions.

Picture 1

Who is the man in white? (A chemist.)

What does a chemist do? (A chemist’s job usually involves preparing and selling medicines. A chemist works in a chemist’s shop.)

What qualities does a person need in order to be a chemist? (A chemist should have studied medicine, and be careful, practical and interested in chemistry. He or she needs to be patient as well, as a chemist needs to communicate with or introduce medicines to patients.)

Picture 2

What happens to the person? (The person is receiving an acupuncture treatment on an ear. Traditional acupuncture always requires doctors to insert such needles into various body areas.)

Do you know the origin of acupuncture? (Acupuncture has its origin in China beginning before 1000 BC.)

What can acupuncture do? (Acupuncture can help relieve body pains. Some people believe that acupuncture can help with things such as weight loss and quitting smoking.)

Have you ever had such an experience?

Picture 3

What are the doctors and nurses busy doing? (They are performing an operation.)

What do you call the doctors who perform an operation on patients? (Surgeons.)

What happens during an operation? (During the process of an operation, the surgeons cut open a part of a person’s body and remove or repair a damaged part.)

Picture 4

What is the girl doing? (She is having her eyesight examined to detect short sightedness.)

What do you call the man testing the girl’s eyes? (An eye doctor.)

Do you have good eyesight?

How can you protect your eyes?

Step 3: Discussion

1. Have you ever seen a doctor? If so, what happened?

2. Have you ever received medical treatment? What did it feel like?

3. Would you like to do any of the jobs shown in the pictures? Why or why not?

Step 4: Homework

1. Search for information on the Internet or in reference books to get some knowledge about the relationship between medicine and life.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

 

Reading  Two life-saving medicines

Step 1: Lead-in

Have you ever taken medicines? What medicines have you ever taken? And what do you know about them?

 

 

 

 

 

Please talk about your own experiences with medicines.

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page 18. Pay attention to the title so that you can identify the most important information as soon as possible.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information

1. Read the passage a second time and complete Part C1 and Part C2.

 

Answers   C2                          proved to be a blood-thinning medicine   as the best-selling painkiller recorded in the Guinness Book used to prevent a stroke used to reduce blood sugar levels sold in shops as a tablet discovered by Alexander Fleming found new chemical techniques to purify it all the scientists shared the Nobel Prize 1900 1928 World War II 1945 1950 1971 1977 2003

2. Read the article again and fill in the form below so that you can understand the use of the two medicines introduced in the article.

Effects of aspirin	l         reduce fever l         help stop body pains l         reduce the risk of heart attacks l         prevent a stroke l         reduce the risk of colon cancer l         increase the length of people’s lives ●    help with diabetes
Effects of penicillin	l         help in treating wounds and infections l         treat other illnesses including pneumonia

3. Pay attention to the medical terms in the reading passage. Underline the words and put them in correct categories.

Words coming from the same stem	medicine, medical, medicinal; pure, purify; chemical, chemist; bacterium, bacterial
Words that are compound words	painkiller; blood-thinning; heart attack; acetylsalicylic
Words with irregular plural forms	bacteria, bacterium

Step 4: Practice:

1. Complete Part D. You may refer to the reading passage on pages 18 and 19 for some help.

2. Part E is about two entries in a children’s encyclopedia, one about aspirin and the other about penicillin. Please finish it.

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. You will be divided into groups of four to introduce the development of aspirin and penicillin to other group members with the help of the timeline in Part C2.

2. Search for more information about the scientists who have invented aspirin and penicillin. Give a brief introduction of the scientists.

3. Read the instructions for Part F and discuss the questions listed.

Step 6: Language points:

Vocabulary	Words	historian, recipe, physician, bark, acid, chemist, trial, tablet, milligram, standardize, painkiller, author, thin, length, contemporary, Scottish, note, transparent, application, name, unable, chemical, purify, quantity, mass, widespread, lung, powerful, wonder, relief, potential, fundamental
	Useful expressions	open up, heart attack, in large quantities, millions of, figure out, be made from, have a influence on
Sentence patterns		1.       …it was not until World War II that… 2.       …it was over a decade before…

Step 7: Homework

Part A on page 114 and Part B on page 115 of the Workbook.

 

 

Word power

 

Step 1: Brainstorming

1. Search the Internet or turn to reference books for information about common diseases. Focus on the names of diseases.

2. Report your findings to the class. Try to find words related to the symptoms of the diseases as well.

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. Read the entry about diseases. Find out and underline the diseases mentioned in the text.

2. Read the entry again and try to fill in the chart.

Diseases	Symptoms	Ways to prevent	Causes
measles	give you spots	get injections to prevent
chickenpox	give you spots	get injections to prevent
influenza	get a high fever and pains in body	get a flu injection (vaccination)
cancer	something goes wrong with the replacement of cells
diabetes			the system that controls the blood sugar level goes wrong
heart disease	heart attacks and strokes		being overweight, eating fatty food and not taking enough exercises
malaria	be ill with a high fever		being bitten by infected mosquitoes when travelling
cholera			travelling
yellow fever			travelling
typhoid			travelling

Step 3: Vocabulary extension

1. As we all know, there are different ways we use medicines. Can you match the words with the following pictures?

tablets/pills                                               C.

 

capsules                             E.

 

 

liquid medicines                                          F.

 

 

injections                           B.

 

 

sprays                                                  D.

 

 

creams                             G.

 

 

powders                                                  A.   

 

2. Complete Part C. You may refer to Parts A and B for reference.

3. Complete Part D. You may consult with each other or check your dictionary.

4. Reading:

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of 5000 thousand years. It is a summary of the experience of the laboring people over many centuries of struggle against disease. For thousands of years it has played an important part in curing disease and protecting the health of the Chinese people, thus contributing greatly to the growth and prosperity of China, as well as to the world-wide medical knowledge.

Traditional Chinese medicine is based on its own theories and contains a unique system in itself. It holds that man and his natural environment form an organic whole; many diseases are linked with the environment. It also holds that the various parts of the human body form an organic whole. When one is ill, the whole body is affected, so that treatment should emphasize the physical condition of the individual as a whole. It is still today widely used by the Chinese people and the whole world people in treating diseases. It is an integral part of world civilization and a common benefit for all mankind.

Since the founding of New China, Chinese Government have attached great importance to traditional Chinese medicine and laid down a series of principles, policies and measures, aiming to develop traditional Chinese medicine, integrate it with Western medicine and modernize the traditional Chinese medicine. It has progressed greatly over the past thirty years and more. Quite a number of Chinese medical workers have carried out studies on traditional Chinese medicine with modern scientific knowledge and methods. They have also used combined Chinese and western medical means in the treatment of a number of difficult and complicated cases, which have all shown satisfactory results. At the same time many researchers have studied the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine such as yin and yang, theory of zang-fu, channels and collaterals, Qi and blood, the four diagnostic methods, the principles of qigong etc, with experimental research methods resulting in considerable progress.

In recent years, more and more people are interested in traditional Chinese medicine. They would like to accept its treatment. They are interested in learning its knowledge and technique to treat patients and studying why it works. Traditional Chinese medicine as a subject has been added into teaching plan in different famous medical colleges. Traditional Chinese medicine clinics and schools are everywhere in the world and increased continuously every year. With the present development of traditional Chinese medicine, its integration with modern science and technology will surely enhance its contribution to human health.

Step 4: Homework:

Complete the related exercises in Workbook.

Grammar and usage

Step 1: General introduction      

The grammar item in this unit focuses on phrasal verbs. You will learn that a phrasal verb is made up of a verb plus an adverb or a preposition. You will also learn some rules to use phrasal verbs. You are expected to apply what you have learnt to practical use by finishing a conversation and a word game.

Step 2: Explanation:

1. Look at the following sentences. Compare them and tell the part of speech of each underlined word.

He looked around and saw nothing.

She is looking after the old lady carefully.

In the two sentences, around is an adverb while after is a preposition.

She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.

He has gone through a difficult time recently.

Here the first through is an adverb while the second through is a preposition. So we know an adverb or a preposition is used to make up a phrasal verb.

2. Read the instructions and examples on the top of page 24. Point out the phrasal verb in each sentence. You will be divided into groups of four and find as many phrasal verbs in the reading passage as possible. Read the sentences you have found and make sure you know how these phrasal verbs are used.

1) This article will focus on….

2) If you open up any medicine…

3) … drinking a tea made from…

4) … other things that aspirin can help with.

5) …a study carried out in the USA.

6) Fleming tried this mould out…

7) Fleming did not give up.

8) Many people would have died from….

9) … before someone else turned penicillin into…

3. Read Part 1 on page 24. You should know that the adverb can go before or after the object in a phrasal verb. For example:

Please look the word up in the dictionary.

Please look up the word in the dictionary.

They put on their safely helmets before starting to work.

They put their safety helmets on before starting to work.

4. Read Part 2, Part 3 and the example sentences. You should know a phrasal verb does not always have an object. The object always comes after the preposition in a phrasal verb with a preposition. Compare the following sentences.

The special train pulled in at 9 a. m.

Prices of vegetables have gone up recently.

I called you several times last night, but I couldn’t get through.

If you act like this, you will get into trouble.

The policemen are looking into a case.

The rubbish gave off a terrible smell.

5. Look at Part 4. Sometimes we can add a preposition after the adverb in a phrasal verb. For example:

I can’t put up with him any longer.

I am looking forward to hearing from her.

She often looks back upon her bitter life in the old society.

6. Look at Part 6. Try to understand the meaning of the phrasal verb ‘make out’. Many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. Do you know the meanings of the phrasal verbs in the following sentences?

1) His accent gives him away as a southerner.

2) He gave away most of his money to charity.

3) They gave away their last chance of winning the match.

4) The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day.

5) She took me in completely with her story.

6) He was homeless, so we took him in.

7) Fish take in oxygen through their gills.

8) I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying.

9) S he pays the bills by taking in washing.

Answers （1）出卖，泄露秘密 （2）赠送  （3）送掉，放弃  （4）颁发 （5）欺骗 （6） 收容         (7) 吸收     （8）理解        （9）在家承接（活计等）

 

 

Step 3: Practice:

1. Do Part A in pairs.

2. Finish Part B on page 25.

Answers B Verbs Phrasal verbs Sentences take take off The plane to Beijing will take off at 9.00 in the morning. take up The decorating of our house took up nearly one month. give give up Mum tried to persuade Dad to give up smoking. give out The teacher asked Mary to give out the exam papers. look look up You’d better look up the word in the dictionary. look for I’ve looked for my key everywhere, but can’t find it.

Step 4: Consolidation:

I. Multiple choice:

1. The world is ______ seven continents and four oceans

 A. made up of              B. made out of

C. made from               D. made in

2. I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can  ______it.

 A. get back from    B. get out of   C. get away  D. get off

3. You'd better ___________ some money for special use.

A．pick up     B．set aside   C．put off     D．give away

4. Can you make a sentence to _____the meaning of the phrase?
   A show off        B turn out        C bring out        D take in
5. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _______the books when

you' ve  finished with them.

    A. put on                B. put down       C. put back             D. put off

6. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to         our studies.

    A．get down to            B．get out                C．get back for        D．get over

7. It’s ten years since the scientist _______on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical.

  A. made for                B. set out           C. took off           D. turned up

8. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ______ completely.

A. turned down       B. put out         C. put away         D. turned over

9. He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a      

couple of weeks.

    A. let out                B. took care          C. made sure        D. made out

10. --- ______ for the glass!

   --- It's OK. I'm wearing shoes.

     A. Look out            B. Walk out           C. Go out            D. Set out

11. Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature _____ their daily life.

   A. plays in   B. playing   C. plays of   D. to play in

12. The students studied hard. They were _____ for knowledge.

   A. worry   B. worried   C. eager   D. curious

13. She devoted herself _____ the problems of the teenagers.

   A. in studying   B. at studying   C. to study   D. to studying

II. Translation:

1. 当他年纪大了，他一定会把他的生意移交给他儿子的。

_____________________________________________________________________

2. 即使上学占据了她白天大部分的时间，她也经常帮助她的母亲。

_____________________________________________________________________

3. 一旦做出了决定，我们所有的人都要坚持。

_____________________________________________________________________

   4. 我们必须尽可能快地收麦子，因为风暴就要来了。

   _____________________________________________________________________

   5. 我正在和玛丽谈话，这时候汤姆插话了。

   _____________________________________________________________________

   6. 这张照片是很久前拍的，我不知道你是否能辨认出我父亲。

   _____________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

Task  Reporting on short-sightedness

Skills building 1: listening for current situations

In this part, you will learn to listen for a current situation, an explanation of the situation, why it exists, as well as how it can be recognized and the problems solved. You are expected to finish a note sheet with the skills learnt in this part.

1. I’d like to ask you some questions:

Do you often watch English news on TV?

How much can you understand?

What problems do you have in listening to the news about current affairs or situations?

Let’s have a discussion about how to improve your listening ability.

2. Read the instructions on page 26. Make sure that you understand how to listen for current situations. You should know that it is important to identify the problem, the explanation, the reasons and the solutions in the report.

Step 1: completing notes

You will listen to a TV programme and take notes to report on the current problem of short-sightedness, which is very common among Chinese teenagers today.

1. Make a survey of short-sightedness in class. You may focus on the following points:

²        number of students who wear glasses

²        comparison of the number to the last year’s figure reasons for the problem

²        solutions to the problem

2. Listen to the tape and finish Part A on page 26.

 

 

3. Read the instructions of Part B on page 27. You will be divided into groups of four and finish the notes by putting the measures under the correct school. You may have a competition.

4. Read the instructions in Part B and finish the chart on page 27. You may work in pairs.

Answers B No. 1 Secondary School No. 9 Secondary School f d a h j

5. Listen to the radio announcement in Part C and fill in the missing information in the table.

 

Answers C No. 1 Secondary School No. 9 Secondary School   i e b j

Skills building 2: interviewing someone

This part aims to help you conduct an interview. You will learn how to structure and organize your interview and questions.

1. Go over the instructions on top of page 28. Make sure you understand what each point is about. Make sentences after examples provided. You may discuss and suggest more ways to give self-introduction and to start to ask the questions.

2. Listen to an interview and pay attention to the language the interviewer and interviewee use. You will notice there are some sentences that have not been covered in this part. Write these sentences on the margin of your book and then use them in your own interview.

Step 2: interviewing a doctor

This part is designed to train your speaking skill. By interviewing a doctor, you will apply what you have learnt in Skills building 2 to find out more ways to protect eyesight.

1. Discuss solutions to protecting eyesight in groups. List as many solutions as possible.

2. Go through the sentences structures in the left box and the solutions in the right box on page 28. You should understand each suggestion. Then work in pairs. One acts as the doctor and the other as the reporter. When you finish the interview, you should change roles.

Skills building 3: writing a radio script

In this part, you will read about how to write a radio script and how to organize information for a report properly.

1. Read the instructions at the top of page 29. Try to understand what should be included in script.

2. Read the points one by one and make a sentence for each point. In this way, you will know how to write a radio script. For example:

²        who you are

This is (your own name), who will talk about what our school has decided to do in order to protect our eyesight

²        the subject

What I’m going to talk about in this programme is about what should be done at home to protect our eyesight.

²        the opening

Hi, everyone. It is the news time now.

²        explanation of what the topic is

The topic today is what we can do to protect our eyesight.

²        background information, including the current situation

We can find that more and more teenagers are wearing or need to wear glasses so that they can see clearly. In our school, the number of students who are short-sighted is also increasing.

²        reference to other sources

The reporters of our school radio station have interviewed a famous eye doctor in No. 1 People’s Hospital. The doctor has given some advice on how to protect our eyesight. They also have talked with the headmaster of our school to ask what the school will do to solve the problem.

²        recommendations

The doctor suggests that we should…

The headmaster says that our school will…

²        closing

Thank you for listening to my report.

Step 3: writing a report for the school radio station

In this part, you are required to write a radio script for a programme on short-sightedness for the school radio station. The script is based on the information you have collected in Steps 1 and 2. You are expected to practice the skills you have learnt in the previous Skills building parts.

1. Read the instructions in Step 3. So you can learn that you are going to write a report about short-sightedness with the information you gathered in Steps 1 and 2. Review the results you have collected and the main points you need to include in writing a script.

2. Work in groups of four to write an outline. You may refer to the structure of the report you organized in Skills building 3.

3. Write a script in small groups. Each member should be responsible for a part of the script.

Project   Exploring Chinese medicine

This part is designed to help you learn and use English through doing a project together. Part A is about Chinese acupuncture, one of the most famous Chinese medical treatments. You may use the background knowledge in the article and what you have learnt to finish a project about Chinese medicine. You will do research on the topic; discuss the possible benefits or disadvantages of acupuncture in comparison to other medical treatments. You are expected not only to research information but also to choose useful information. You should assign roles to all group members, cooperate by working together and fulfill each part of the assignment to finish the project. And finally you will gain a better understanding of Chinese medicine.

Part A : Reading

1. Read the article about Chinese acupuncture quickly. Scan the text and find which of the following topics is not mentioned:

history, past uses, current uses, acceptance in the West, benefits, disadvantages (disadvantages of Chinese acupuncture)

2. Scan the text and take notes of the development of Chinese acupuncture. The following might help you understand the reading passage better:

       The development of Chinese acupuncture

 

about 2,000 acupuncture points

365 acupuncture points

Put needles into the skin at certain points on the body

make holes on swollen areas of the body

metal needles

stone or pottery needles

                              

 

Answers

(1) Some of the medical problems that can be treated by acupuncture include very bad pain, such as neck and back pains, headaches, injuries, stomach problems and blood pressure problems. Some people have also used acupuncture to treat addictions to cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and food (overeating).

(2) Refer to the last paragraph of the article.