讲座大纲
一 托福听力概览
 1托福听力题型设置
 2托福听力考试组成
二 影响托福听力的五大因素
三 长对话类型及出题原则

             托福听力八种题型
     Listen to part of the presentation about my past working experience  and then answer the following questions by taking some key information down on the paper.
一 内容主旨题 main idea (what)
1What is the main idea of my presentation ?
开头原则
Today ,I am going to talk about…

二 目的主旨题 main purpose 

2.Why did  I make this presentation ?
开头原则
I ‘d like to /need to /want to / hope…
三 细节题 (what )
3 what type of students do I prefer to teach?

关键细节：例子不重要，例子支持的论点才重要！

四 理解所说话语的功能（表达意图题）

4What do I  imply when I say  this?
I have been teaching English for more than 6 years after graduation ,and teaching is the only job I’ve been  doing  by far.

五 理解说话人态度（ 态度题）
5What is  my  personal opinion about  teaching ?
结尾出题原则
In my opinion…

六 理解内容的组织
6 How do I  organize the information that I  present  to the class?

七 连接内容题
7I talked about my past working experience in the presentation.
Put the steps in the correct order.

Click on a sentence ,then drag it to the space where it belongs

八 做出推论
8What can be inferred about my future career path  ?
托福听力先听后看题，要学会记什么。
1开头
2结尾
3例子支持的论点
4展开行文的结构顺序
5逻辑关系词后面的句子
                 托福听力组成：

1、听力部分组成
1）每个考试，2个sections（如果加试，会有3个sections）。
2）每个section包括：3个段落。其中长对话1个，lecture有2个。
3）每个长对话后跟5个题目，每个lecture后跟6个题目-每个section包含5+6X2=17个题目。
一 长对话

1）长度：3~4分钟
2）形式: 男女talk in turn, 说10几个来回
3）对话目的：其中一人有问题需解决，另一人帮助解决；
   例如：学生去图书馆查资料，查不到，需要librarian帮助；教授的office hour期间，学生咨询对其term paper的建议等等。

二 Lectures

1）长度：4~6分钟，500~600词
2）形式：
   A．Monologue：教授满堂灌，没有与学生的互动
   B．Interactive: 与学生互动
3）核心内容：学科基本概念的介绍
4）图片：提示说话角色，以及提示生词和概念
二   影响听力的五大障碍因素
1语速快
2英美音区别导致听力误差
3词汇看的懂听不懂
4地道表达不能正确翻译
5对场景不熟悉

1语速快

建议用shadow reading
的方式读2,3段，直到语速和原文一样就解决了语速快的问题
   Demo practice
2 英美发音五大区别
  1past
  2breakfast  morning idea famous
  3big eleven
  4little  letter
  5hot water what
《标准美语发音的13个秘诀》

3词汇看的懂听不懂

1听读单词
2听写单词
3听写句子
  Try it
    essay ，  deny,
  species,  resume, 
  suite,      receipt ,

如何做句子听写
“Repeat the chunking and learn how to chunk .”
分割意群，直听直写。

Demo Practice

What is the shape of Italy?
If you remember
 the shape of Italy
Demo Practice
1)If you remember the shape of Italy,
2)It is because you’ve been told at sometime
3)That Italy is shaped like a boot.

What are listening skills?
Time- based not space- based.
Effective practice makes perfect.
1reasonable dictation (场景词汇和句子）
2shadow reading (TPO)

单词书推荐
张红岩 《托福词汇词以类记>
李笑来 <新托福词汇分类突破》

4地道表达不能正确翻译

dip into my saving：动用存款
sth jumps out at me：某事非常吸引我的注意
on top of that: in addition to that
get on that：着手做某事
5对场景不熟悉
了解北美社会当前价值观
以及政治正确立场

《近距离看美国》林达

三 托福听力长对话类型：
1学生与教授：关于论文 ，作业
2学生与教职工
a counselor at the University Counseling Center.
a receptionist at the Registrar’s Office on the first day of the semester.
An employee in the university’s career services office.
三 托福听力长对话类型：
3学生与图书馆管理员
4学生与学生

长对话解题原则
  

1开头结尾原则
2建议原则
3重复原则 
4转折原则
5强调原则
6举例原则

一 开头原则
提问类型：1内容主旨题  2目的主旨题
What is the conversation mainly about?
Well, today, we will begin our discussion of…
In today’s lecture, we will talk about …
Today we will talk about...
Today we will discuss...
TPO 1-2
1内容主旨题 TPO1-2
What is the conversation mainly about?

A A lesson Mathew prepared for his students.
B A class Mathew has been observing.
C A term paper that Mathew has written.
D A problem in Mathew ‘s classroom.
2目的主旨题

Why does the student visit the professor?
Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
Why did the professor ask to see the student?
 
标志词
            

Think (e.g. I am thinking, ）
Hope (I was hoping,…)
Need (Do you need, I need…)
What can I do for you?
TPO2-1
TPO 2-1
1Why does the man go to see his professor?
A To borrow some charts and graphs from her.
B To ask her to explain some statistical procedures.
C To talk about a report his is writing.
D To discuss  a grade he got on a paper.
二 建议原则
建议部分常常为考点，虚拟语气处为较难考点
If I were you, I would….
Why don’t you…
Suggestions/ advices
练习
Tpo3-1
Why don’t you -----------------------------------------.
TPO5-1
Why not--------------------------------------------------.
三 重复原则
1原文重复
2非原文重复（再次解释）
3他人重复
四 转折原则
   主要事实题，重要细节题，逻辑关系题 
   but后面是答案
五 强调原则
语气和语义处强调 ，重读处出题
 Critical
 Only
 Do   
 important
Practice
TPO2-1
I hope that you can recognize by my saying that-----------------------------------------------------
TPO1-2 
   Best …
六 举例原则
出题点：例子本身细节很少出题，例子所支持的论点是重点！
要求笔记记下例前，例后的内容
长对话出题原则？
1
2
3
4
5
6
长对话 学生与教授题材讲解
TPO1-2学生与教授交流关于观摩课后感受
TPO2-1学生与教授讨论论文
TPO1-2

    1对话大意? 标志词后笔记并答题  
    2标志词处记笔记 并停顿   做听写 
    3 跟读原文出题点的句子
    4场景词总结

 
笔记格式建议

Tpo1-2
1.What is the conversation mainly about？
A lesson Matthew prepared for his students
A class Matthew has been observing
A term paper that Matthew has written
A problem in Matthew's classroom
2.What is Matthew's opinion about observing Mr.Grable's third-grade class?

A It will help him become a more effective  teacher
B It could help improve his study habits
C It has improved his public-speaking skills
D It may be the most difficult assignment he has had
3.Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology?
A To identify a topic frequently discussed in third grade
B To get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taught
C To make a suggestion to improve the class he is taking
D To illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class
4.What important skills did Mr.Grable introduce to his third-grade class?
           Click on 3 answers
Reviewing other student's reports
Using books in the library
Interviewing their classmates
Speaking in public
Writing reports
5.What will Matthew probably do in next Wednesday's class?

A Hand in his assignment early
B Try to start a study group
C Make a presentation to the class
D Choose a topic for his paper
TPO2-1

1对话大意? 标志词笔记并答题 
2标志词处记笔记 并停顿   做听写
3跟读原文出题点的句子
4场景词总结

1.Why does the man go to see his professor?
A To borrow some charts and graphs from her
B To ask her to explain some statistical procedures
C To talk about report he is writing
D To discuss a grade he got on a paper
2.What information will the man include in his report?
Click in the correct box for each phrase
Include in report            Not include in report
Climate charts
Interviews with meteorologists
Journals notes
Statistical tests
3.Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctor's office?
A To demonstrate a way of remembering things
B To explain why she needs to leave soon
C To illustrate a point that appears in his report
D To emphasize the importance of good health
4.What does the professor offer to do for the man？
A Help him collect more data in other areas of the state
B Submit his research findings for publication
C Give him the doctor's telephone number
D Review the first version of his report
5Why does the professor say this？
A To question the length of the paper
B To offer encouragement
C To dispute the data sources
D To explain a theory
 
TPO4-3移动的岩石
讲座大意
讲座结构1

                  2
 
                  3
 
                  4
  教授态度

Step 1 讲座结构关键词笔记
开头引题：But nobody has…

中段分层讨论：Here are a lot of theories：
Theory No.1…
Here ‘s another possibility…
There are a few other theories…
 
尾句引出结论和态度：You need to understand
Step 2  笔记答案关键句
 1 Nobody has seen how the rocks are moving.
  2Windstorms might move the rocks.
    Wind combined with the rain.
  3Ice might move the rocks.
  4Maybe the ground vibrates.
  5We still don’t have any answers.
  6You need to know just more than rocks as geologists.

Step 3 Get the answers
1What does the professor mainly discuss?
A.  His plans for research involving moving rocks.
B.  A difference between two geological forces that cause rocks to move.
C.  Theories about why desert rocks move.
D.  Reasons why geologists should study moving rocks.
2According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on?

A.  The rocks cannot move after ice storms.
B.  The rocks do not move at night.
C.  The rocks never move in circles.
D.  The rocks are not moved by people.

3 The professor mentions experiments on the wind speed necessary to move rocks. What is the professor’s attitude toward the experiments?
A.  Their results were decisive.
B.  They were not carried out carefully.
C.  They were not continued long enough to reach a conclusion.
D.  The government should not have allowed the experiments.
4What important point does the professor make about the area where the rocks are found?

A.  It has been the site of Earth’s highest wind speeds.
B.  It is subject to laws that restrict experimentation.
C.  It is accessible to heavy machinery.
D.  It is not subject to significant changes in temperature.
5What is the professor’s purpose in telling the students about moving rocks?

A.  To teach a lesson about the structure of solid matter.
B.  To share a recent advance in geology.
C.  To give an example of how ice can move rocks.
D.  To show how geologists need to combine information from several fields.
6Replay: What does the professor imply when he says this:

A.  The movement pattern of the rocks was misreported by researchers.
B.  The rocs are probably being moved by people.
C.  The movement pattern of the rocks does not support the wind theory.
D.  There must be differences in the rocks’ composition.
Step 4跟读

Step 5 关键场景词和短语总结
讲座练习五步骤
Step 1 讲座结构关键词后记笔记
Step 2 重听关键词后答案关键句并停顿
Step 3 答题兑答案在原文档中标出
Step 4分段落跟读原文
Step 5 背诵关键场景词和短语总结

      Effective practice
       makes perfect!!!!
 
                    Thank you
                                              Lillian