切去尖端的胚芽鞘真的不生长吗?----转载自蒋迎仙
(2013-12-17 14:51:47)
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切去尖端的胚芽鞘真的不生长吗?
(2010·北京,29)第三问谈到了切段浸泡在蒸馏水中。
在验证生长素类似物A对小麦胚芽鞘(幼苗)伸长影响的试验中,将如图1所示取得的切段进入蒸馏水中1小时后,再分别转入5种浓度的A溶液(实验组)和含糖的磷酸盐缓溶液(对照组)中。在23℃的条件下,避光振荡培养24小时后,逐一测量切段长度(取每组平均值),实验进行两次,结果见如图2。
(3)
(2011·海南,13)取某植物的胚芽鞘和幼根,切除胚芽鞘尖端和幼根根尖的尖端(即切除根冠和分生区),然后将胚芽鞘(近尖端向上)和幼根(近尖端向上)直立放置,分别在两者切面的左侧放置含有生长素的琼脂快(生长素浓度为促进胚芽鞘生长的最适浓度),培养在黑暗条件下,幼根和胚芽鞘弯曲生长且方向相反,关于这一现象的说法,合理的是
A.胚芽鞘向左弯曲生长,生长素在胚芽鞘中是极性运输
B.胚芽鞘向右弯曲生长,生长素在胚芽鞘中是极性运输
C.幼根向左弯曲生长,生长素在胚芽鞘中是非极性运输
D.幼根向右弯曲生长,生长素在胚芽鞘中是非极性运输
答案:B
小狗啃骨头
To test our belief that the upper part of the cotyledons of
Phalaris, when
exposed to a lateral light, regulates the bending of the lower
part, many
experiments were tried; but most of our first attempts proved
useless from
various causes not worth specifying. Seven cotyledons had their
tips cut off
for lengths varying between .1 and .16 of an inch, and these, when
left
exposed all day to a lateral light, remained upright. In another
set of 7
cotyledons, the tips were cut off for a length of only about .05 of
an inch
(1.27 mm.) and these became bowed towards a lateral light,
but
not nearly so much as the many other seedlings in the same pots.
This latter
case shows that cutting off the tips does not by itself injure the
plants so
seriously as to prevent heliotropism; but we thought at the time,
that such
injury might follow when a greater length was cut off, as in the
first set of
experiments. Therefore, no more trials of this kind were made,
which we
now regret; as we afterwards found that when the tips of three
cotyledons
were cut off for a length of .2 inch, and of four others for
lengths of .14,
.12, .1, and .07 inch, and they were extended horizontally, the
amputation
did not interfere in the least with their bending vertically
upwards, through
the action of apogeotropism, like unmutilated specimens. It is
therefore
extremely improbable that the amputation of the tips for lengths of
from .1
to .14 inch, could from the injury thus caused have prevented the
lower part
from bending towards the light.
这是原文涉及切去尖端部分的一些描述。
本文发表于《生物学教学》2003年第11期
章杨、洪志(浙江省温州中学高二学生 325014)
1
我们是研究性学习小组的成员,这次参加玉米胚芽鞘向光性实验的研究中,发现“去了尖端的胚芽鞘还伸长生长”,而不是如生物课本(试验修订本)中所讲的“不生长”,是我们的实验存在问题还是课本中的讲法不正确呢?带着这个问题,我们进一步进行了研究。
2
实验记录表、直尺、玉米种子、沙土、水槽、小花盘、纸盒、台灯、剪刀、数码相机等。
3
3.1
3.2
4
4.1实验结果如下:
从11月19日至11月21日,我们共做了22组实验,每组实验均用单侧光照射,其中有11组玉米胚芽鞘去尖端,另有11组玉米胚芽鞘不去尖端,经过24小时后,去了尖端的胚芽鞘平均伸长生长了0.609厘米,不去尖端的胚芽鞘平均伸长生长了0.918厘米。
11月22日至23日,我们又做了17组用单侧光照射去尖端玉米胚芽鞘的实验,经24小时后,去尖端的玉米胚芽鞘平均伸长生长了0.465厘米。
11月24日至25日,我们对4组去尖端的胚芽鞘和4组不去尖端的胚芽鞘连续两天(经48小时)进行了观察并测量,结果去了尖端的胚芽鞘平均伸长生长了0.625厘米,不去尖端的胚芽鞘平均伸长生长了0.50厘米。
4.2
我们查阅了陈阅增先生主编的《普通生物学》,潘瑞炽先生和董愚得先生编的《植物生理学》;两本书中写到:“去尖端的胚芽鞘不向光弯曲”,并未讲“不生长”。《植物生理学》下册(第2页)中还写到:“如果放置一块未放过鞘尖的琼脂小块,切去尖端的胚芽鞘就很少伸长”,并不是我们课本所讲的“不生长”。
5
据以上实验结果及资料显示,去除尖端的胚芽鞘还能伸长生长;难道去除尖端后就没有残留的生长素吗?没有生长素就一定不能生长吗?过多的生长素会抑制生长又怎么理解呢?
6
建议课本中所写的“如果切去胚芽鞘的尖端,胚芽鞘就不生长、也不弯曲”这句话改为“如果切去胚芽鞘的尖端,胚芽鞘就不弯曲,且很少伸长生长”。
博主注:现在人教版的课本必修三P46:“如果去掉胚芽鞘的尖端,或者用锡箔罩子把尖端罩上,则不发生弯曲。”已经没有了“不生长”三字。
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