Unit 9 cloze

Different areas of the world adopted surnames at different periods in time. The Chinese were among the first people to use 1  names to 2  their parents from about 2800 BC. In Europe, the  3  started calling people by their given name and family name in Latin from 300 BC, but it wasn't common  4 throughout Europe until the 10th or 11th century, when first, the lords and  5 , then middle-class citizens, and finally everyone used surnames.

                                          The necessity for surnames arose when the  6  began to grow. Suddenly there was more than one person with the same name in a village, so surnames were used. Generally, these  7  were not handed down to the next 8  , but after the fall of the Roman 9  , Ireland was one of the first countries to adopt 10 surnames, and Irish surnames are found as early as the 10th century.

 

Honor generation practice gentry Romans

Hereditary surnames  population family Empire

 

Unit 7 cloze

 

There is, however, at least one rational reason  why bad events might cluster together. It is related to probability and 1 . Unlucky events are not always independent of each other. Anybody who is made 2  is bound to suffer some 3  . That will lower the body’s  4, making the person 5  to illness, and also making them less 6  and responsive (so they may be more likely to drop a precious vase, for example).

So while the 7  of being made redundant on any 8  day and the probability of being sick may both be small, the chance of both 9  is almost 10 higher than the product of the two probabilities.

 

Independence redundant depression defenses vulnerable  alert  probability particular  occurring   certainly

 

Unit 6 cloze

   Picciotto was the highest ranking firefighter to survive the

attack. The chief of the department, the first  1  and

the chief of  2  operations had all been killed. Altogether

the death 3  included 343 firefighters and more than 3,000

4  .

   Picciotto tells the story in his book Last Man Down. He

uses a  5  first person style which gives the reader

an idea of the  6  and the chaotic confusion of one

of the darkest days in the history of the United States, the

7  now known to the world simply as 9/11, but a day

of utmost 8 and heroism too. Published in 2002, the

book became an immediate best-seller, which the author

wrote in  9  , and intended as a tribute to, his decent

and trustworthy comrades who gave their lives. It’s also a

10  to his leadership skills. As he says, “People call us

heroes, but we were just doing our job.”

 

Deputy  rescue  gratitude  toll civilians dramatic humanity testimony  nightmare tragedy

 

Unit 5 Cloze

 The appointment meant Josh wouldn't get home until after Christmas. He was not, however, unhappy. He was meeting Jo Rogers, the  1  senator for Connecticut, and one of the best-known  2  in the US. Senator Rogers was a 3  in her third term of office, who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had 4  managed to keep her  5  with her voters as a Washington  6  . She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon  7  and anti-capital punishment, as fine a  8  liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. Talk show hosts called her Honest Senator Jo, and   a couple of years ago, Time magazine had her in the running for Woman of the Year. It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic  9  . Rogers had met Josh in DC, thought him highly  10  , and had invited him to dinner.

Senior faces outsider emissions nevertheless nomination Democrat progressive credibility  competent

 

Unit 4 cloze

 

 Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe  1  that the average systems  2  is as baffled about what a space  3  does at the shop as the  4  space salesman is about    the tools needed to  5   a system.

 

In the common everyday job, nothing is made any more. Things are now made by 6 . Very little is repaired. The machines that make things make them in such a  7  that they will quickly fall  8  in such a way that repairs will be  9  expensive. Thus the buyer is encouraged to  10  the thing away and buy a new one. In effect, the machines are making junk.

Bet fashion  average  analyst apart  machines prohibitively  analyze  throw  salesman

 

Unit 3 cloze

The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly

musical plane. Besides the  1  sound of music

and the  2  feeling that it gives off, music

does exist in terms of the  3  themselves and of

their  4  . Most listeners are not sufficiently

conscious of this third plane.

It is very important for all of us to become more

alive to music on its  5  musical plane. After all, an

actual musical material is being used. The  6  

listener must be prepared to increase his  7  of

the musical  8  and what happens to it. He must

hear the melodies, the rhythms, the  9, the

tone colors in a more conscious fashion. But above all

he must, in order to follow the line of the composer's

thought, know something of the  10  of musical

form. Listening to all of these elements is listening on

the sheerly musical plane.

Pleasurable principles expressive harmonies  notes material manipulation  awareness  intelligent  sheerly

 

Unit 2 Cloze

Social  anthropologists社会人类学家ask  questions  about  how childhood, and  the  role of children儿童扮演的角色,  is  seen within  the  1  they  study在他们所研究的族群里,  rather  than  how  it  fits  into Western  2  ideas如何符合西方的观念about  childhood.  By  doing  this  they seek  to  3强加给outside  ideas onto people with very different understandings of  the world or of making value  4  作价值观方面的判断on other people‘s ways of  raising  their children养育孩子. While Westerners might take  5  to eight- year-old girls working or  to  12-year-old girls marrying, within their own communities such activities are seen as a normal and  6  part积极的常态of childhood 

 

Indeed, seen through  the  eyes  of  non-Westerners, many  “normal“ Western childcare  7  西方育儿方式are  seen  as  extremely  8  极其怪异and possibly harmful to children. Placing children in rooms of their own, refusing to feed them on demand想吃东西的时候不给他们吃, or  letting  them cry  rather  than  immediately  9    to them不赶快去安抚他们, are viewed very  10  in many societies在很多社会里都是不对的and lead some  to  think  that Westerners don‘t know how  to look after children properly.

Communities practices  avoid bizarre  imposing tending   judgments   exception negatively  positive

 

Unit 1 cloze

In the fall of our final year, our mood changed.

     The relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer

     semester, the  1 ball games, the boating

     on the Charles River, the  2  parties had

     disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down,

     studying late, and  3  at classes rose steeply

     again.  We  all  sensed we were coming to the end of

     our stay here, that we would never get a chance like

     this again, and we became determined not to waste

     it.     

Most important of course were the final exams in

April and May in the following year. No one wanted the

4  of finishing last in class, so the  5  group

pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were

once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were

6  room only until the early hours of the morning,

and guys wore the  7  under their eyes and their

8  , sleepy faces with pride, like  9  proving their

10.

Impromptu bags   late-night  standing   attendance diligence medals   humiliation  pale  peer