Lesson 67    Volcanoes

【New words and expressions】(12)

★active   adj. 活动的adj. 积极的 

passive    adj. 消极的, 被动的

★violently  adv. 猛烈地, 剧烈地

violent adj. 猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的violence  n. 猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴

★manage      v. 设法

manage to do sth. = try to do sth. and succeed

I can manage it. = I can manage it myself. = I can do it.★escape ① v. 逃脱escape sth.

escape death   死里逃生escape doing sth.

He escape punishment/being punished.

② n. 逃脱narrow escape  九死一生

★alive      adj. 活着的

alive 做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面, 属于表语形容词，后置定语

light ahead   前面的灯光

Every man alive has his/her own troubles.

living sth.  活着的……living elephant   活着的象

live ① adj. 现场的，活着的(永远不和人连用)live concert 现场演唱会 live fish活鱼(不能和人连)

②  v. 活着

【课文讲解】

1、Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently.

close to  离……很近，与……靠近

for long＝for a long time

2、He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.=He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him.

notice that + 宾语从句  notice sth.

notice sb. do/doing sth.  注意到某人做/正在做某事

a river of…形成的河流 a river of soil and stone     泥石流  a river of tears

Riversof blood flowed during World war II.    (rivers of blood   血流成河)

4、It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.

threaten to     威胁着要……，有迹象表明…… He threatened to leave the team. 他扬言要离开这个队。

in time    及时，来得及，just表示“正好，差一点”

  I caught the train just in time.

 5、This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.

manage to do sth.    设法做到某事，努力完成某事(虽然很费劲，但仍然做到/完成某事)try to do sth.   设法做某事，努力做某事(但并不一定成功)

the mouth of Kituro     火山口

so that  以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词

6、Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.

risk one’s life   冒着生命危险

take a risk of… =at a risk of…   冒着……的危险

risk sth.＝risk losing sth.     冒着失去……的危险

risk doing sth.      冒着做……的危险

7、He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.在两相比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一定要在比较时用other, else排除前者than any other man alive

【Key structures】　

Can, Be able to and Manage to

表示能力时用can/could，在将来时中表示“能力”时通常用will be able to，在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could。

He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed./  Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.

manage to在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，经常代替be able to，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍然……”。在否定句中，manage to与be able to经常可以互换。He was able to finish the job yesterday.   (表示可能) He managed to finish the job yesterday.    (暗示他克服了不少困难才完成)

  What do you think of the film?

I’m afraid I haven’t managed to/been able to see it yet.

【Special Difficulties】

带 say与tell的短语

1、say在表示“说，讲”时，say后面不跟间接宾语(人)。如一定要指明，则用“to +名词/代词”。表“道别，诵读(祈祷)，背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell。say有“表达(思想、意见等)”、“据说”含义，tell则没有。 John is said to be very interested in art.

He knelt down and said his prayers.他跪了下来作祷告. say a good word for   为……说好话/辩护；推荐

 2、tell:在表示“说，讲”时，tell后面可以跟双宾语。tell经常用于表示“讲(实话，谎话，秘密等)”。tell可以表示“辨别，分辨”，say则不可以。在英国英语中，tell the time(美语为tell time)表示根据钟表等“说出时间，识钟”

He is only five, but he can already tell the time.

tell (sb.) a lie  说谎(谎言有很多个，为可数名词)

tell (sb.) the truth  讲真话(真话只有一个,故要特指, 加the) tell (sb.) the difference between   区分, 区别

Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris? 你能区分奥斯丁舞和莫利斯舞吗?

say和tell后面跟so时含义不一样：

 I told you so!    我告诉过你是这样的！(用于情况被证实之后)Who says so?  谁这么说的？

  I say so.    我这么说的。

【Multiple choice questions】

4  He escaped just in time. He__d__ escaped.

(a)just only               (b)only   (c)soon   (d) only just

only just ＝almost not     差点就没有

7  He has been able to tell us a lot __b__volcanoes.

(a) considering         (b) on the subject of                 

(c) in relation            (d) referring

on the subject of＝about

 (朝向)towards＝in the direction of   (direction)

12  He has told us more than any __d__person.

(a)alive  (b)lively  (c)live               (d)living

lively    adj. 活泼的,充满生机的 a lively girl

  Lesson 67
               Volcanoes
                 火山

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    Why does Tazieff risk his life like this?

    Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

volcano  n. 火山
active  adj. 活动的
Kivu  n. 基伍湖
Congo  n. 刚果
Kituro  n. 基图罗
erupt  v. （火山）喷发
violently  adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地
manage  v. 设法
brilliant  adj. 精彩的
liquid  adj. 液态的
escape  v. 逃脱
alive  adj. 活着的

参考译文

    波兰科学家哈罗恩.塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和探洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。