一、主谓一致三原则
　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
  1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
　　Tom is a good student.    汤姆是个好学生。
　　They often play football on the playground.   他们经常在操场上踢足球。
　2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
　　My family are having lunch now.
　　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
　　Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
　　这本书20美元太贵了。
　　3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
　　Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
　　There is a pen and some books on the desk.
　　课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
　　 二、 主谓一致常考题型
　　 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
　　The desk is Tom’s.     这张桌子是汤姆的。
　　Some water is in the bottle.    一些水在瓶子里。
　　The students are playing football on the playground.  

这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
　 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。
　　Many a student has been to Shanghai.  许多学生到过上海。
　 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
　　More than one student has ever been to Beijing.    不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
　  4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个

整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday.    两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.    2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance.   1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one.          5减4等于1。

5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat.    每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
　　Every man and every woman is at work.   每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
　 One and a half hours is enough.   一个半小时足够了。

7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
　　To see is to believe    眼见为实。
　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.

  做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
　8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。　

　A student or two has failed the exam.    一两个学生考试不及格。
　　

9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like

等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。　　

Mike with his father has been to England.    迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
　 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football    迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
　The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.

10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。

The writer and teacher is coming.   那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
　 The writer and the teacher are coming.   作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
 　11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作

主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
　 People here are very friendly.    这儿的人很友好。
　 His family isn’t large.    他家的人不多。
　 My family all like watching TV.    我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
   12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,

nobody,  no one,  nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，
Is everyone here today.    今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him.   他有毛病。
Nobody was in.   没有人在家。

13. each,  either,  neither,  another,  the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary.   他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct.    两个答案都不正确。

14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，

　 No news is good news.    没有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class   在我们班数学很受欢迎。

15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,  either…or…，

neither…nor…,  not only…but also…,  not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。

Either my wife or I am going.

Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.

Not only you but also he is ready to leave.

如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。

Each of us has his likes and dislikes.

Neither of the books is very interesting.

16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。

   A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.

   但a variety of,  a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

   On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.

The number of the students is over eight houndred

 

17．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致

   There is a book and three pens on the desk.
　 Here are some books and paper for you.

18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.

   The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.
　 The beautiful lives forever.   美是永存的。 
三．肯定与否定一致

   下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。

   We've had some(money).→ We haven't had any(money).

   I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.

   They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.

   He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.

   Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.

   Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.

   He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.

 

注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。

  My wife like classic music very much and so do I.

  She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.

　                主谓一致专项练习题

 1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
　　A. were       B. is       C. was         D. are

2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.

A. isn’t       B. is        C. are’t        D. are

3. —How many lessons do you usually haver a day?
　　—Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.
　　A. last       B. lasts        C. have       D. are

4. Neither Liping nor I _______a basketball player.
　　A. am       B. is       C. be        D. are

5. There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.
　　A. is       B. aren’t       C. isn’t       D. are

6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.
　　A. is        B. are       C. has        D. have

7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.
　　A. be       B. is       C. am        D. are

8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
　　A. were sleeping              B. is sleeping
　　C. was sleeping                D. are asle

9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
　　A. are       B. is        C. were        D. was

10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.
　　A. Neither         B. Both       C. All       D. Some

11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
　　A. know   B. knows   C. have know    D. is

12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?
　　—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
　　A. is   B. are   C. was   D. were

13. This pair of glasses ______mine.
　　A. are   B. be   C. is    D. will be

14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
　　A. invited                     B. was invited
　　C. had invited              D. were invirted

15. —Two months ______quite a long time.
　　—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
　　A. is    B. are    C. was   D. were

16. In the city the old _______.
　　A. take good care of             B. are taken good care of
　　C. is taken good care of        D. are been taken good care of

17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one.
　　A. are,is       B. is,is       C. are,are        D. is,are

18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
　　A. has       B. have       C. are       D. is

19. The children in this class each _____new school bag.
　　A. have       B. has      C. has got        D. are having

20. All but one _____ here just now.
　　A. is       B. was      C. has been         D. were
　　21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter,       .

A.neither he will         B. neither won't he

C. neither will he         D. he won't neither

22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet.      

A. so has he     B. Neither he has    C. He has too   D. He hasn't either

23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “     .”

   A. I am so      B. So am I       C. So go I        D. So I go

24. You as well as he     to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.

A. are        B. is        C. have         D. has

25. Neither my wife nor I myself     able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.

A. has been         B. is         C. are         D. am
　主谓一致练习题参考答案

(1).B  (2). A  (3). B  (4). A  (5).B  (6).A (7).B  (8). C 

(9). D  (10). A  (11).B  (12).B  (13).C  (14). D  (15).A (16).B  (17).A  (18).B  (19).A  (20) D  (21).C  (22). D  (23). B  (24). A  (25). D

主谓一致练习题
    1.      The old ____well looked after by the government in China.
    A. is      B. are       C. has been       D. was
    2.      The secretary and manager ____very busy now.
    A. is      B. are       C. was           D. were
    3.      Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.
    A. has    B. have      C. are            D. was
    4.      Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.
    A. was      B. were    C. have been    D. had been
    5.      Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class.
    A. am   B. is                    C. are                           D. will
    6.      Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.
    A. are    B. were    C. was    D. have been
    7.      This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year.
    A.have been   B. has    C. had been    D. have
    8.      Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum.
    A.are     B. is     C. were    D. have
9.      About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday.
    A. are     B. is    C. were    D. was
    10.  Mr Smith， together with his children， ____arrived.
    A.are     B. has    C. is    D. have
    11.  It ____I who _____leaving for London.
    A.is…is  B. am…is    C. is…am    D. am…am
    12.  Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television.
    A. are     B. were    C. be    D. is
    13.  When and where to build the new factory ____yet.
    A. is not decided                B. are not decided
    C. has not decided              D. have not decided
    14.  Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest ______.
    A. are difficult                  
   
    B. has proved difficult
   
    C. is supposed difficult       
   
    D. have been found difficult
    15.  That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all.
    A. is    B. was    C. are    D. were
    16.  Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day.
    A. are    B. were    C. is    D. was
    17.  Mathematics ____the language of science.
    A. are        B. are going to be       C. is             D. is to be
    18.  Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary.
    A. have      B. has    C. there is    D. there are
    19.  They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief.
    A. have       B. has           C. there is     D. there are
20.  Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building.
    A. stand   B. stands         C. standing   D. are
    21.  This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing.
    A.is    B. are    C. have been    D. had been
    22. No one except my parents _____anything about it.
    A.     know     B. knows           

    C. is knowing  D. have known
    23. A number of students _____from the south.
    A. are    B. is    C. have    D. has
    24. The number of students from the north ____small.
    A.are    B. is    C. have    D. has
    25. Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most，
    A.is    B. are    C. was    D. were
    26. His “Selected Poems” _____first published in 1965.
    A.were    B. was    C. has been   D. are
    27. Miss Smith is a friend of ______.
    A. Mary‘s mother’s          B. Mary‘s mother

    C. Mother’s of Mary         D. Mary mother‘s
    28. A good deal of money ____spent on books.
    A.     have       B. has          
   
    C. have been        D. has been
    29. On the wall _____ two large portraits.
    A.     hangs     B. hang         C. hanged      D. hanging
    30. _____turn green in spring.
    A. Leaf   B. Leafs            C. Leave              D. Leaves
    31. Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble.
    A.     an advice   B. advice   C. advices   D. the advices
    32. All but one ____here just now.
    A.     is     B. was            C. has been   D. were
    33. The number of people invited _____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
    A.     were； was      B. was； was 
   
    C. was； were  D. were； were
    34. The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories.
    A.     are often made        B. is often made
    C. have often made       D. has often made
    35. Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema.
    A.     allows    B. allow    C. is allowed    D. are allowed
    36. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave.
    A.     are    B. is    C. has been   D. are being
    37. ____can be done _____been done.
    A.     All； have   B. All that； have

    C. All； has  D. All that； has
    38. John has two brothers， but either ____out of work now.
    A.     are        B. is        C. has        D. have
    39. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
    A.     is searching for      B. were searching for
    C. are searching for     D. were searching
    40. Apples of this kind ____.
    A.     tastes good  B. tastes well 
 
    C. taste good    D. taste well
    41. Your trousers ____dirty， you must have _____washed.
    A.     is； it       B. are； it       C. are； them     D. is； them
    42. Where ____rubbish， there are flies.
    A.     there are    B. there is      C. is         D. there has
   43. The Olympic Games ____held every ____years.
    A.     is； four     B. are； four     C. is； five     D. are； five
    44. Many a man _____ come to help us.
    A. have    B. has     C. is     D. are
    45. He is the only one of the students who _____elected.
    A. are     B. have      C. has    D. is
    46. Three-fourths of the homework _____today.
    A.     has finished         B. has been finished
    C. have finished                 D. have been finished
    47. Those who ____ in ____compositions， please hand them in this afternoon.
    A.     hasn‘t handed； his    B. haven’t handed； their
    C.has handed； their      D. have handed； his
    48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher.
    A.     are praised    B. is praised    C. praised    D. praising
    49. The whole class _____the teacher attentively.
    A.     are listening to       B. is listening to
    C. are listening             D. is listening
    50. The United States of America _____one of the most developed countries in the world.
    A. is      B. are     C. was     D. were
    KEY：
    1-5 BABAA      6-10 CDBDB        11-15 CDABA
    16-20 BCBAB   21-25 ABABA        26-30 BADBD
    31-35 BDCBC   36-40 ADBBC        41-45 CBBBD
    46-50 BBAAA

 

 主谓一致专项练习

一 单项选择：

1. Eating vegetables______ good for our health.

A. is       B. are        C. were        D. was

2. More than one person _______ made the suggestion.

A. was     B. has      C. were      D. have

3. I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.

A. two thirds; is     B. second three; are     C. two thirds; are     D. two third; are

4. Neither you nor Lin Hua _______ to the Great Wall before.

A. had been      B. has gone      C. has been      D. have been

5. The writer and teacher ______ coming now.

A. is       B. are      C. has       D. have

6. Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.

A. has      B. have     C. is      D. are

7. Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill.

A. covers      B. cover      C. covering       D. are covering

8. Physics ______ more interesting than Maths, I think.

A. are      B. is       C. was      D. were

9. Each student and each teacher ______ to see the film.

A. go      B. wish      C. are      D. wants

10. Either Tom or I ______ to blame.

A. to be      B. am       C. are        D. is

11. There ______ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room.

  A. is         B. are       C. has       D. have

12. Lucy, together with her two brothers, often _______ to the park on Sundays.

A. go        B. goes      C. are going       D. is going

13. There ______ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes______ mine.

A. are; is      B. is; is      C. is; are      D. are; are

14. None of that money on the table ______ mine.

A. is      B. are     C. been      D. have

15. — Could you get me a piano, Mum?    —There ______ enough room for one in our home.

A. is        B. are       C. isn’t       D. aren’t

16. The family I am staying with _______ very friendly.

A. is       B. are        C. was     D. were

17. Our team ______ the World Cup!

A. has won      B. have won      C. are won      D. is won

18. Our country _______ great changes in the last 30 years.

A. experience        B. experiences       C. has experienced         D. experiencing

19. The police _______ having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.

A. is      B. are      C. was      D. were

20. The number of people invited _____ 50, but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.

  A. were; was    B. was; was    C. was; were    D. were; were

21. A library with 5000 books _____ to the nation as a gift.

  A. is offered     B. has offered    C. are offered     D. have offered

22. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.

  A. is       B. was        C. at is        D. at was

23. On the wall ______ two large portraits(肖像).

  A. hangs      B. hang      C. hanged       D. are hung

 

 

24. All that can be done ________.

  A. has been done     B. has done      C. have done       D. were done

25. The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.

  A. has     B. have      C. are      D. is

26. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ______ more difficult.

  A. is      B. are       C. was       D. were

27. The wounded(伤员) _______ by the hospital.

  A. has taken in     B. has been taken in    C. have taken in    D. have been taken in

28. The following _______ some other examples.

  A. are      B. is       C. was       D. were

29. The whole class _______ the teacher attentively(认真地).

  A. are listening     B. is listening to    C. are listening to    D. is listening

30. “All _______ present and all _______ going on well,” our manager said.

  A. is; is     B. are; are     C. are; is       D. is; are

31. The rich ________ not always happy.

  A. are      B. is      C. has      D. have

32. He is the very thief that the police ________.

  A. is after      B. is looking      C. are after      D. are looking

33. The third and last chapter(章节) _______ by Professor Chen.

  A. are written     B. are writing     C. is written     D. is writing

34. One third of the students in our school _______ girl students.

  A. is      B. are      C. was      D. were

35. Many a writer of newspaper articles ________ to writing novels.

  A. has turned       B. have turned       C. being turned     D. are going to turn

36. None of your projects ________.

  A. working out       B. work out      C. is worked out      D. worked out

37. Going to bed early and getting up early _______ a good habit.

  A. is       B. are       C. were      D. was

38. I don’t think one hundered dollars _______ a big sum of monny to him.

  A. will be        B. would be      C. is       D. are

39. Neither of your suggestions ________ sense. (make sense:有意义；说得通)

  A. makes      B. make     C. is made      D. are made

40. Your trousers _______ dirty; you must have ______ washed.

  A.is; it       B. are; it      C. are; them      D. is; them

 

二 用所给词的正确形式填空:

1. ______ (be) everything OK?

2. Nobody _______ (know) the answers to the question.

3. Ten divided by two ________ (be) five.

4. Most of the drinking water _______ (be) from the Black River.

5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.

6. Either you or he ______ (have) made a wrong decision.

7. The family _______(be) spending the weekend together.

8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.

9. The police _______ (be) trying to catch the thief.

10. The number of the teachers in the school ______(be) 120.

 

参考答案：

一     1——5  ABCCA    6——10  AABDB   

11——15 ABCAC    16——20 BACBC

21——25 ADBAB    26——30 ADACC

31——35 ACCBA    36——40 CACAC

二     1 is   2 knows   3 is    4 is    5 do    6 has    7 are

       8 is   9 are      10 is