Passage 11

       Places to stay in Britain are as varied as the places you visit. Whatever your budget is the choice — from basic barn to small hotel, from tiny cottage to grand castle — is all part of fun.

       在英国，可住宿的地方就如可参观的地方那么多。不论你的预算是多少，任何一种选择都是快乐的一部分――从谷仓到小旅馆，从小农舍到大城堡。

Hostels 旅社

       Cheap, good-value hostels are aimed at all types of like-minded travelers, who prefer value over luxury and you don’t have to be young or single to use them. Britain’s independent hostels and backpackers hostels also offer a great welcome. Facilities and prices vary, especially in rural areas, where some hostels are a little more than a bunkhouse（临时住房）while others are remarkably comfortable — almost like bargain hotels.

       廉价、超值的旅社定位在形形色色的趣味相投的重精神超过物质的这类游客群体，而且旅社没有规定游客必须是年轻人或者是单身汉。英国对自助旅行者和背包旅行者也十分欢迎。设施和价格也各不相同，特别是在乡村，有些旅社只比临时住房好一点点，而有些特别舒适-----就像物美价廉的旅馆一样。

Youth Hotels  青年旅馆

       Founded many years ago to “help all, especially young people of limited means, to a greater knowledge, love and care of the countryside”, the Youth Hotels Association is still going strong in the 21^st century. The network of 230 hotels is a perfect gateway for exploring Britain’s towns and countryside.

       （这种旅社的形式）很多年前就形成了，为了“帮助所有的，特别是资金有限的年轻人，深入了解、喜爱、关心农村。”青年旅行社组织在２１世纪依然盛行。２３０家的旅社网络是探索英国小镇和农村的最佳门户。

B&Bs  床位和早餐

The B&Bs (bed and breakfasts) is a great British institution. In essence you get a room in somebody’s house, and small B&Bs may only have one guest room, so you’ll really feel like part of the family. Larger B&Bs may have four or five rooms and more facilities, but just as warm as a welcome.

床位与早餐是英国的伟大创举。实际上就是某家的住户为你提供一个房间，小的B& Bs只有一间客房，所以你会觉得自己是这户人家的一份子。大一些的B& Bs可能有４、５个房间和更多是设施，但一样的热情款待。

In country areas your B&Bs might be in a village or an isolated farm surrounded by fields. Prices reflect facilities: and usually run from around ￡12 to ￡ 20 per person. City B&Bs charge about ￡25 to ￡ 30 per person, although they’re often cheaper as you go further out to the suburbs.

在农村，B & B可能在一个村庄或者四周都是田地的独立的农场里。价格反映了房间的设施：通常每人在１２到２０英镑左右。城市的B & Bs价格在每人２５到３０英镑左右，尽管越到郊区价格越便宜。

Pubs & Inns   酒吧和客栈

As well as selling drinks and meals, Britain’s pubs and inns sometimes offer B&Bs, particularly in country areas. Staying a night or two can be great fun and puts you at the heart of local community.

除了卖酒和饭菜外，英国的酒吧和客栈有时也提供床位和早餐，特别在农村地区。在那里住一两个晚上会十分有趣，并且可以让你处在当地社区的中心。

Rates range from around ￡15 to ￡ 25 per person. Pubs are more likely to have single rooms.

价格在每人１５到２５英镑左右。酒吧更有可能拥有单人房。

1. In this passage the author mainly _______. 这篇文章作者的意图主要是什么？

  A. tells us where to stay while visiting Britain   告诉我们到英国旅游可以住在哪里

  B. advises readers to pay a visit to Britain

  C. introduces the wonderful public services in Britain

  D. gives us some information about British life

2. _______ are mainly built for young visitors. _______主要是为年轻人建的。

A. Pubs & Inns         B. Youth Hotels      青年旅社      C. Hostels                     D. B&Bs

3. If you travel alone and want to know better family life in Britain, you’d better stay in _______.

   如果你独自一个人旅游并且想更好地了解英国的居民生活，你可以住在B & Bs

A. Pubs & Inns         B. Youth Hotels             C. Hostels                     D. B&Bs

4. If you are interested in traveling with your friends but only with limited means, where is the better place for you to stay?

   如果你喜欢和朋友一起旅行但资金有限，哪里是最佳住宿地点呢？

A. Pubs & Inns         B. Youth Hotels             C. Hostels       旅社       D. B&Bs

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last part of the passage?

       根据文章的最后一段，以下哪句是错误的？

  A. Pubs and inns usually provide visitors bed and breakfast.

  B. All pubs and inns offer visitors bed and breakfast. 所有的酒吧和客栈都为旅客提供床位和早餐。

  C. Pubs and inns charge a visitor ￡ 25 at the most.

  D. If you want a single room, you are more likely to get one in pubs.

答案：ABDCB    

Passage 12

       What makes a person a scientist?  Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answer he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

       是什么使一个普通人成为科学家？他有与从不同的学习方法和工具吗？答案是否定的。不是因为科学家使用的工具，而是因为他使用工具的方法使他成为科学家。你也许认同怎么用力对一名木匠来说很重要。你也许也认同怎么研究调查，发现信息对每个人来说都很重要。然而，科学家比这更进一步，他必须确定他对自己的问题得出了一个合理的答案，并且他的答案通过别人也可以得到证实。他同时把自己得出的许多答案归结为一个系统的关于世界如何运作的观点。

       The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of this mathematics was later tested through investigations, Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

       科学家的知识必须很确切。不能给半错半对或者只有一半机会对的情况留任何空间。他必须在条件允许的情况下尽可能正确。在一种条件下成功一次的话必须在同样的条件下都能成功。如果条件不同，科学家在证明过程中观察到的任何变化都必须解释他的条件是如何变化的。这是关于调查研究在科学研究中十分重要的其中一个理由。爱因斯坦通过数学方法提出了相对论。他的数学运用的正确性被后人通过调查研究的方法证实该理论是正确的。一个科学家会用很多工具来测量。测量的结果用来进行数学计算，再进行调查研究的测试。

1. What makes a scientist according to the passage? 根据这篇文章的观点科学家是如何来的？

  A. The tools he uses.                                     B. The way he uses his tools. 他使用工具的方法

  C. His way of learning.                                  D. The various tools he uses.

2. “The scientist, however, goes one step further…”. The author says this to show _______.

   “然而，科学家比这更进一步……”作者这么说是为了说明什么？

  A. the importance of information                   

B. the importance of thinking

  C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people科学家与普通人的区别

  D. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs

3. A sound scientific theory should be one that _______.一项伟大的科学理论应该是怎么样的？

A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times

  不仅只在一种条件下一次可行，而是要在同样的条件下一直可行。

  B. does not allow any changes even under different conditions

  C. can be used for many purposes

  D. leave no room for improvement

4. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate _______.作者引用爱因斯坦的例子是为了证明什么？

  A. that measurements are keys to success in science

  B. that accuracy of mathematics

  C. that the investigations are important in science调查研究在科学领域十分重要。

  D. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations

5. What is the main idea of the passage? 这篇文章的中心意思是什么？

  A. The theory of relativity.                            

B. Exactness is the core of science.

  C. Scientists are different from ordinary people.

D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

  　确切性和使用工具的方法是成为科学家的重要因素。

答案： BCACD            

Passage 13

In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. (260 words)

在美国，一般不习惯每天很早打电话给某个人。如果你很早打电话给他，在他刮胡子或吃早饭的时候，那就说明这件事情非常重要，需要立刻处理。晚上十一点以后打电话也是同样的意思。如果一个人在睡觉的时候接到电话，那他肯定觉得这是一件事关生死的大事。打电话的时间也显示事情的重要程度。在社会生活中，时间是一个非常重要的角色。在美国，如果在宴会三四天前才受到邀请，那受邀者就会认为自己不是很受重视。但并不是在所有的国家都如此。在世界上的其它地方，提前很多时候做约定被认为是很愚蠢的，因为约好一个星期以后的事情很容易忘记。所以时间的意义在不同的地方是不一样的。因此，来自不同文化背景的人之间就会产生误会。举个例子，准时在美国社会是受到高度认可的。如果某些人不准时，就会被认为不礼貌或不够负责任。在美国，没有一个人会把一次商务活动和等待一小时联系起来，这太不礼貌了。一个人如果迟到五分钟，就要做出解释，也许这还不够。

1. What is the main idea of this passage? __________  以下哪项表达了本文的中心思想？

A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.

B. The role of time in social life over the world. 世界各地时间在社会生活中扮演的角色。

C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.

D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.

2. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? __________

    根据本文，如果你在某人睡觉时间打电话给他，意味着什么？

A. A matter of work.

B. A matter of life or death. 这是一件事关生死的大事

C. You want to see him or her.

D. You want to make an appointment with him or her.

3. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? __________

    如果你想约你的朋友，以下哪个时间是比较恰当的？

A. at 7: 00 am.                     B. at 4:00 pm. 下午4点              C. at the midnight.         D. at 4:00 am.

4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? __________

    根据本文，以下哪项陈述是正确的？

A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.

B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time.

C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A..

D. Promptness is valued highly in American life. 准时在美国社会是受到高度认可的。

5. From the passage we can safely infer that __________.  从本文我们可以得出：

A. it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time

B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world  世界各地的时间观念是不同的。

C. it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party

D. if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation

答案：BBBDB   

Passage 14

There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.

目标有三种：短期目标，中期目标和长期目标。

Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.

短期目标是根据每日制定的为了处理当前事物的目标。短期目标可以以少于一个星期，一个星期，两个星期，或者可能的话一个月来完成。我们必须记住，正如只有地基牢靠，建筑物才坚固一样，长期目标脱离了扎实的短期目标的实现是不能实现的。短期目标的实现是以以前完成的目标为前提的。

The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.

中期目标是在短期目标的基础上指定的。可以以一个学期或整个学年为周期指定，或者延长至几年。每次你根据目标前进了一步，都不要让自己感到没有信心或者压力重重。当你完成了一个目标，你都会增加成功的信心。并且当你完成目标的日期越来越近，你的动力和希望都会增加。

Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.(221 words)

长期目标可以和我们未来的梦想相关联。可以是五年或五年以上的目标。生活不是一成不变的。我们不能让长期目标制约了我们或我们的行为。

1. Our long-term goals mean a lot ____________.

    如果我们能完成各个短期目标，那么我们的长期目标将意义深远。

A. If we cannot reach solid short-term goals              B. If we complete the short-term goals

C. If we have dreams of the future                            D. If we put forward some plans

2. New short-term goals are built upon ____________.  短期目标是以以前完成的目标为前提的。

A. a daily basis                                                 B. your achievement in a week

C. current activities                                                 D. the goals that have been completed

3. When we complete each step of our goals, ____________.每完成一个目标，将会增加我们成功的信心。

A. we will win final success                              B. we are overwhelmed

C. we should build up confidence of success             D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals

4. What is the main idea of this passage? ____________   这篇短文的中心思想是什么？

A Life is a dynamic thing.                                       B. we should set up long-term goals

C. Different kinds of goals in life.  目标的不同种类。 D. The limitation of long-term goals.

5. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? ____________

    根据短文，下面哪种说法是错误的？

A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals

B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.

C. Life is a static thing, thus we should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.

  生活是一成不变的，所以我们不能让长期目标制约我们的生活和我们的行为。

D. We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed.

答案：BDCCC

Passage 15

How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.

    人们最初是如何发明单词的不得而知，换句话说，语言的起源是个秘密。所有我们所知道的只是，人，不同于动物，不知怎么发明了某些声音来表达思想、情感、行为和物质，以便相互交流；后来统一了某些被称为字母的符号，这些字母可以连起来代表那些声音，可以写下来。我们把那些声音叫做单词，不管他们是口语还是书面语。

       The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the thing they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.

    文字的力量在于其联系性－它们把这些联系性带到我们的头脑中。通过经历，单词对我们充满了意义。我们活得越久，某些单词就越能使我们回忆起过去的喜怒哀乐；我们越是阅读和学习，有意义的单词数量就越增加。

       Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.

伟大的作家是那些不仅具有伟大思想而且能用词汇来表达这些思想的人，他们的思想强烈地震撼着我们的心灵和情感。单词的这种美妙和寓意用法就是我们所谓的文学性。总之，真正的诗人是文字的掌握着。他可以用音乐般的词汇来表达自己的意思，这些词汇凭借其所用环境和联系性能让人感动得流泪。因此，我们应该学会仔细选择所用词汇并准确使用，否则会使我们说的话可笑又粗俗。

1. The origin of language is _______.  语言的起源是：

  A. a legend handed down from the past           B. a matter that is hidden or secret

  C. a question difficult to answer                            D. a problem not yet solved一个还未解决的问题

2. What is true about words?      关于词汇哪一项是对的？

  A. They are used to express feelings only.              B. They can not be written down.

  C. They are simply sounds.       他们是简单的声音   D. They are mysterious.

3. The real power of words lies in their _______.  文字的真正力量在于其­­____

  A. properties                                                B. characteristics          

C. peculiarity                                                D. representative function  代表功能 

4. By “association”, the author means _______.  作者用“联系性”这个词指

  A. a special quality                                        B. a joining of ideas in the mind头脑中思想的联接

  C. an appearance which is puzzling                 D. a strange feature

5. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?

   关于真正的诗人下列哪项不正确？

A. He is no more than a master of words.              他只不过是一个文字的掌握者。

B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.

  C. He can move men to tears.                        D. His style is always charming.

答案：DCDBA