阅读理解A

 

1、Child labor, the employment of children in industry, often against their will, has been a problem for many years.

 Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions under which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue almost unchanged today in many parts of the world. The only difference is that today employment of children is confined to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and particularly farms, rather than to large factories.

  Girls suffer more from child labor practices than boys. Many of them are forced to start work when they are only ten years old. Although the work they are given to do is often light, it is often harmful to their health. Recently, children as young as six years were found to be working in Asian factories, and the children were working from eight to fourteen hours a day in overcrowded and unhealthy working conditions. Sometimes a whole family group is employed, with the payment going to a parent or older relative. The children not only receive nothing or very little for their long hours of work, but also they are prevented from attending schools. Therefore, when they become older they are unable to do any other kind of work.

The solution to the problem of child labour is clearly better laws to protect young children, greater supervision of industry and heavier fines for those who break the laws. Only in this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most valuable time of their lives-childhood.

 

 

(1)、The conditions under which young children work ______.

 

A：have improved since a hundred years ago

B：are even worse than those a hundred years ago

C：are similar to those a hundred years ago

D：are exactly the same as those a hundred years ago

答案：C

 

 

(2)、Girls' work is ______.

 

A：not harmful to the health though it is heavy

B：not harmful to the health because it is light

C：harmful to the health though it is light

D：harmful to the health because it is heavy

答案：C

 

 

(3)、Young children go to work ______.

 

A：because they are forced to

B：in order to be skilful in a certain kind of work

C：in order to earn money for education

D：in order to be paid well

答案：A

 

 

(4)、To solve the problem of child labour, the writer suggests ______.

A：punishing lawbreakers with severer fines, improving children's working conditions, and confining employment of children to light industries

B：improving laws of protecting children's interests, looking over factories more closely, and punishing lawbreakers with severer fines

C：improving laws of protecting children's interests, giving them lighter work, and raising their payment

D：confining employment of children to small industries and family businesses, looking over factories more closely, and improving the system of education

答案：B

 

 

(5)、What is the author's attitude toward child labor?

A：indifferent

B：disapproving

C：supportive

D：admiring

答案：B

 

 

2、After a long period of studies, scientists are uncovering surprising new findings about dolphins. They believe that dolphins do "talk" to each other, whistling "names" among themselves and others in their group. They help one another when in trouble. Like bats, they use sound waves to "see". Because of these and many other findings, many scientists now place dolphins among the cleverest animals on earth.

Dolphins love to mimic. If we swim on our backs, they do too. If we dive, they follow. Once a trainer blew a puff of cigarette smoke against the window of an observation tank, a young dolphin suddenly swam to its mother, nursed a moment, and spit out a cloud of milk. It is even more surprising that dolphins are able to understand sign language. One of Herman's dolphins has mastered more than 50 sign words. For example, it understands the difference between "bring the surfboard to the person" and "bring the person to the surfboard."

Scientists are learning how dolphins "speak" to each other. "Each dolphin," says Peter Gyack "has its own 'signature' whistle." Dolphin can also mimic the signature of others.

Dolphins help one another. When birth-giving takes place, females gather to keep off sharks. Later, while the mother looks for food, they take care of the young dolphin, swimming in a circle.

Dolphins reach out to us in astonishing ways. What would the world be like without them?

 

 

(1)、To the best of our knowledge, dolphins are ______.

 

A：surprising fish

B：interesting animals

C：intelligent mammals

D：man's friends

答案：C

 

 

(2)、In the second paragraph, "nursed" means ______.

A：brought the mother something to eat

B：sucked milk from the mother dolphin

C：asked to be taken care of

D：gave some milk to her

答案：B

 

 

(3)、What was the young dolphin doing when it suddenly spit out a cloud of milk? It was ______.

A：having a little fun 

B：diving into the deep sea

C：playing "smoking"

D：copying "smoking"

答案：D

 

 

(4)、Which of the following do you think is more reasonable?

A：We are still in the early stage of learning about these animals.

B：We have little difficulty in understanding dolphins.

C：Man will be able to talk freely to dolphins in the near future.

D：Sign language is the only way to make dolphins understand us.

答案：A

 

 

(5)、What's the purpose of female dolphins' swimming in a circle?

A：The young dolphin needs friends to play with.

B：The young dolphin can play safely inside.

C：The mother will help them to learn swimming in a circle.

D：The mother will be free to meet the father.

答案：B

 

 

3、Regular child care provided outside home or by someone other than the mother does not in itself undermine healthy emotional connections between mothers and their 15-month-old infants, according to a long-term national study. The finding holds even if care begins during the first 3 months after birth and runs for 30 hours or more per week.

Among infants who receive unkind and unresponsive care from their mothers, however, the mother-child relationship may be damaged. "This research helps us put apart complexities regarding child care that have not previously been studied in detail," contends Jay Belsky, a psychologist.

    The investigation consists of 1,153 children and their families living in or near Boston. The youngsters, no more than 1 month old when they entered the study in 1991, will be tracked until the age of 7. Experimenters administered questionnaires to mothers in their homes and videotaped baby caretakers interacting with the kids at ages 1, 6 and 15 months. Independent observers rated the quality of each child care efforts and noted infant nervousness. Unlike most previous studies, this one allows researchers to observe each caretaker's personality at child nursing, and kids' emotional reactions by the equipment.

 

(1)、From the first paragraph we know that ______.

A：mother care is the best according to a national study

B：child care outside home is the best in accordance with the study

C：regular child care outside home may play a role as a mother

D：connections between mothers and infants are damaged by outside care

答案：C

 

 

(2)、According to the passage, unresponsive care from a mother may ______.

 

A：ruin a kid's growth

B：harm the mother-child tie

C：hurt a baby's emotional reaction

D：spoil a child's personality

答案：B

 

 

(3)、Jay Belsky implies that the study of child care ______. 

 

 

A：was never carried out in the past

B：was not much done in detail in the past

C：was greatly ignored by psychologists and researchers

D：was interesting but very difficult to make discovery

答案：B

 

 

(4)、The main difference between the investigation and the previous ones is that ______. 

 

A：the researchers started with only one month old infants

B：the observers could rate the quality of child care efforts and analyzed them soon

C：the researchers were able to give the questionnaires to mothers in their homes

D：video equipment enabled researchers to observe what was happening directly

答案：D

 

 

(5)、Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the investigation?

 

A：It will last at least 7 years.

B：Cooperation from the mothers is also necessary.

C：Some independent observers play a part.

D：Researchers paid site visits to see a caretaker's personality and kids' emotional reactions.

答案：D

 

 

4、If you're like most job seekers, the hiring process can sometimes make you scratch your head in confusion. For example, how many times have you come across the "perfect" position, quickly submitted your résumé（简历 ） and eagerly anticipated the hiring manager's call... only to hear nothing from the company?

It's important to know the two questions hiring managers ask themselves when evaluating résumé. By understanding potential employers' thought processes, you can craft stronger application materials.

1．Can the applicant fill my need?

After all, a firm looking to hire a computer programmer isn't going to call you for an interview if you only have a background in human resources. But even if you possess the necessary experience, if your résumé isn't targeted to the specific company and opening, your qualifications could seem equally unrelated.

Tailoring your résumé to the position involves positioning your skills and experience in a way that shows the hiring manager that you are the right one for the job. So you should look at each opening and create a corresponding résumé.

2．Will the applicant remain with my firm for the long term?

The hiring process is lengthy, complicated and expensive. Because of that, hiring managers seek employees who are not likely to leave the company soon after accepting an offer. They'll look to your résumé for proof of a stable work history.

If you have job-hopped in the past, consider submitting a functional, rather than a chronological (按时间顺序排列的) résumé. A functional résumé is organized around your skills, experiences and accomplishments, not the specific roles you have held at various points in your career.

    Remember: a well-written, targeted résumé gives you the best chance of being called for an interview and, ultimately, landing the position you desire.

 

(1)、The purpose of the article is to ______.

 

A：show job seekers the difficulty of getting a good job

B：show job seekers the difficulty of writing a good résumé

 

C：show the hiring process is lengthy and complicated

D：show job seekers how to write a well-written, targeted résumé

 

答案：D

 

 

(2)、When hiring managers are evaluating applicants, they attach importance to ______.

 

A：the needed qualifications and the devotion to the same company

B：the education background and the personality

C：the teamwork spirit and the needed qualifications

D：the previous job experience and the devotion to the same company

答案：A

 

 

(3)、If you are applying for different jobs, ______.

 

 

A：you should submit the same résumé

 

B：you should design a customizeddi（定做的） résumé for each job

C：you should include your skills and experiences in the résumé

D：you should know the questions that the hiring manager might ask you

答案：B

 

 

(4)、A functional résumé ______.

 

 

A：is similar to a chronological résumé

B：can be as good as a chronological résumé

C：is organized around the different roles in one's career

D：centers on the applicant's skills, experiences and accomplishments

答案：D

 

 

(5)、The advantage of a functional résumé is that ______.

 

 

A：it is more convincing and impressive

B：it can be accepted more easily by the hiring manager

C：it avoids mentioning the job-hopping in the past

D：it can provide proof of a stable work history

答案：C

 

 

5、No one's ability to remember names is perfect. Yet this important skill gives you the advantage in business and personal relations. "A person's own name is the sweetest and most important sound." Dale Carnegie wrote in How to Win Friends and Influence People. It is often the ticket to a friendship, a closed deal or a new partnership, and it generates instant good will in a way no other courtesy can.

Peter Dupre, a Boston restaurateur, also makes it a point to remember names. When one of his regular customers introduced him to a friend named Connie recently, he made sure to thank her by name as she left the restaurant. "From the pleasantly shocked look on her face, I could tell not only that she would be back, but that she would bring in new customers," the restaurateur said. "Remembering one person's name in my business can get me 100 new patrons."

Forgetting someone's name, on the other hand, can cause hurt feelings and make you feel socially inept and uncomfortable. Even worse, it can create a powerfully negative first impression that works against you long afterward.

I was once a consultant to a company considering which of three senior executives to be promoted to be president. As I toured a production area with one of the candidates - a very bright and qualified man - I was surprised that he knew the names of very few employees under him. He greeted workers vaguely with "How's it going?" and substituted "son" or "kiddo" for the person's name. Since the job of company president involved considerable social interaction with a broad range of people, I noted this in my report. He didn't get the job.

 I have found that memory lapses（失误） often boil down to a question of concentration. Generally, we store important information in long-term memory and hold less-meaningful data in short-term memory. The challenge is to take the commonplace - like "that man's name" - and somehow make it significant so it gets deposited in long-term memory.

 

 

(1)、Remembering others' names is an important skill because ______.

A：it enables you to make more friends

B：it helps you close deals in business

C：it brings you new partners

D：all of the above

答案：D

 

 

(2)、After Peter Dupre thanked his new customer Connie by name, ______.

A：Connie explained she was a regular customer indeed

B：Connie pretended to be pleasantly shocked

C：he knew Connie would return and bring more customers later

D：he knew Connie made a point of remembering others' names

答案：C

 

 

(3)、What is one possible result of forgetting someone's name? 

A：You are more popular with other people.

B：You are given advantage in business and personal relations.

C：You may give the other person a powerfully negative first impression.

D：You will hurt no one's feelings.

答案：C

 

 

(4)、In the last line of paragraph 4, "this" refers to ______. 

 

 

A："his gift for speech"

B："his failure to greet people under him by their names"

C："his chance of being promoted to be president"

D："social interaction"

答案：B

 

 

(5)、Memory lapses usually take place when ______.

 

A：one doesn't focus on things

B：one fails to distinguish important information from less-meaningful data

C：one stores important information in long-term memory

D：one finds it necessary to remember others' names

答案：A

 

 

6、Robert Spring, a 19th century forger（造假者）, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At fist he prospered by selling his small but genuine collection of early U.S. autographs. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lessen the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and circulation.

Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger can't approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who don't have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.

In Spring's time, right after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General "Stonewall" Jackson. For several years Miss Fanny Jackson's financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the originals.

 

 

(1)、In Philadelphia Spring first made a lot of money by ______.

A：selling all kinds of books at below-average prices

B：imitating the signatures of some famous Americans

C：selling the genuine signatures of some famous Americans

D：selling his forgeries to other countries

答案：C

 

 

(2)、Spring sold his false autographs in England and Canada because ______.

A：people there were willing to offer higher prices

B：there was less chance of being discovered there

C：he had unusual love for the two countries

D：there was a greater demand there than in America

答案：B

 

 

(3)、According to paragraph 2, forgeries are usually sold to ______.

A：experts in the field

B：some crazy readers

C：book dealers who love investing money this way

D：people who don't know much in the field

答案：D

 

 

(4)、Miss Fanny Jackson was ______.

A：an unknown lady who sold her father's collection of letters and manuscripts to Spring

B：an imaginary person created by Spring

C：a member of Spring's family

D：the only daughter of Governor "Stonewall" Jackson

答案：B

 

 

(5)、It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.

A：Spring's business began to go downhill after the Civil War

B：Miss Fanny Jackson had serious financial problems

C：Spring was short of money when his life came to an end

D：Spring's forging skills did not improve much before his death

答案：C

 

 

7、In the traditional marriage，the man worked at a job to earn money for the family. Most men worked in an office，a factory, or some other place away from the home. Since the man earned the money, he paid the bills. The money was used for food, clothes, the house, and other family needs, The man made most of the decisions. He was the boss.

In the traditional marriage, the woman seldom worked away from the house. She stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. She cooked meals，cleaned the house, washed the clothes, and did other housework. Her job at home was very important.

In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of the kind. The man has a job and earns the money for the family. The woman stays at home and cares for the children and the house. Many Americans are happy with the kind of marriage. But some other Americans have a different impression of marriage and family responsibilities.

There are two important differences in male and female roles now. One is that both men and women have many more choices. They may choose to marry or to stay single. They may choose to work or stay at home. Both men and women may choose roles that are comfortable for them.

A second difference in male and female roles is that within marriage many decisions and responsibilities are shared. The husband and wife may choose to have children, or they may not. If they have children，the man take care of them some of the time, all of the time or not at all. The woman may want to stay at home and take care of the children. Or she may want to go to work. Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage. Many married people now share these decisions and the responsibilities of their families.

 

 

(1)、Which of the following is NOT true in the traditional marriage？

 

A：Men worked at a job to earn money for the family.

B：The women made most of decisions.

C：The woman stayed at home to care the children.

D：The man paid the bills.

答案：B

 

 

(2)、In recent years ______.

A：all young couples refuse the traditional relationship.

B：the woman has a job and earns the money for the family.

C：the woman doesn't stay at home and care for the children and the house.

D：the role of men and women has begun to change.

答案：D

 

 

(3)、Men and women may now choose all the following except to ______.

 

A：marry or to stay single

B：work or stay at home

C：leave their jobs just because they have children

D：have their roles that are comfortable for them

答案：C

 

 

(4)、The following are all now true except ______.

 

A：they may choose to have children or not

B：the man may take care of the children some of the time

C：the woman is the most important person in the house

D：the woman may want to go to work

答案：C

 

 

(5)、Which of the following is NOT true？

A：Everyone tries to get married.

B：The man was the boss in the traditional marriage.

C：The woman's job at home was very important in the past.

D：Many Americans still have a traditional marriage.

答案：A