第六单元  非谓语、 it与there

 

【单元主要内容及目标】

本单元主要复习非谓语、 it与there。 通过本单元学习和训练，熟悉并掌握相关的语法知识点。

 

【讲授】

 要点1  不定式 

 

典型试题解析

1. Would you let_________ to the park with my classmate, Mum?

A. me go        B. me going         C. I go             D. I going

2. After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made _________ all sorts of awkward questions.

A. answer       B. answering        C. answered         D. to answer

3. When he got off the train, it happened      .

A. to rain       B. to be raining       C. raining          D. to raining

4.      carry out their plan ahead of time they worked hard.

  A. So as to      B. In order to        C. In order that      D. So that

5. I can’t make notes, because I have got neither a pen nor a pencil_______.

  A. for writing                       B. to write

  C. for me to write                    D. to write with

6. The patients was warned      oily food after operation.

  A. to eat not      B. eating not        C. not to eat       D. not eating  

7. I forgot ________my umbrella with me, so I was caught in the rain.

A. taking        B. to take           C. to be taking     D. to have taken

8. The policeman asked several passers-by if they had seen a girl in red coat _________ the shop.

A. go into       B. going into        C. gone into        D. to go into

9. They made a decision      showing the film until next week.

  A. putting off     B. put off          C. to putting up      D. to put off

10. I am sorry I can’t help      your watch.

  A. him fixed      B. fixing           C. to fix           D. you fixing

答案：

T：请看第1题。let sb.后接动词原形，本题需用选项Ａ。接着看第２题。

Ｓ：make sb. 后面也要用动词原形，因而本题要选Ｄ。

Ｔ：对的。再看第３题。注意句中happen作“碰巧”解，要接不定式to do或to be。

Ｓ：那该用选项Ａ

Ｔ：很遗憾，错了。不定式除了to do一般形式外，还有to be doing, to have done等形式。根据句意：当他下火车时，碰巧正在下雨，happen之后要用不定式的进行时（to be doing），正确选项为Ｂ。请看第４题。

Ｓ：本题中，不定式放在句首表示目的，但不知该选Ａ还是Ｂ？

Ｔ：须注意的是：so as to do不能放在句首，因而本题只能选Ｂ。再看第５题：我无法记笔记，因为我既没有可以用来书写的钢笔也没有铅笔。句中不定式用作定语。

Ｓ：表示“用来书写的笔”，是否该选Ｄ（to write with）。

Ｔ：是的。因为write与pen之间没有动宾关系，其实际意义是to write with a pen，因而用作定语的不定式短语介词with不可缺少。请看第6题。

S：本题需用不定式的否定结构，not应放在to do之前。

T：完全正确。be warned not to do sth（被警告不要做某事），选C。再看第7题：我忘了带伞，因此被雨淋了。

S：表示“忘了做某事”，forget之后要接不定式，即forget to do sth，本题要用选项B。

T：是的。请看第8题。英语中，see sb. do sth和see sb. doing sth. 用法不同。see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”而see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。根据句意，询问是否看见一个身穿红衣服的女孩进了这家店。

S：表示动作的完成，该用选项A吧？

T：是的。请看第9题。本题用不定式作定语，表示作出了怎样一种决定，因而要用选项D。请看第10题。

S：can’t help doing sth, 本题要用选项B。

T：错了。can’t help doing意为“情不自禁，忍不住”，但本题的句意是：对不起我无法帮你修手表。因而本题要用选项C，can’t help to fix your watch。

 

要点2 动名词

 

典型试题解析

1. How about the two of us_______ a walk down the garden?

A. to take         B. take             C. taking           D. to be taking

2. You don’t mind_________ you Xiao Li, do you?

A. call           B. to call            C. to calling         D. my calling

3. Charles regretted_________ the TV set last year. The price has now come down.

A. buying        B. to buy            C. of               D. from

4. Do you remember      me at a party last year?

   A. meet                  B. to meet            C. meeting       D. met

5. I have been looking forward to_________ from my girl friend.

A. hear           B. being heard      C. be heard          D. hearing

6. You object_________, don’t you?

A. that they come                     B. that they came

C. to their come                      D. to their coming

7. —Would you like_____ with us.

— Oh, sorry. I don’t feel like_____ out today.

A. going…to go    B. to go … going   C. going… going      D. to go … to go

8. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_______ for another hour.

A. waiting        B. to wait          C. wait              D. to be waiting

9. _________such a long distance will make the old very tired.

A. Walk          B. Walked          C. Walking          D. Having walked

10. Tony was very unhappy for _______to the party.

  A. having not been invited              B. not having invited

  C. having not invited                  D. not having been invited

答案：

T：请看第1题。“How about +动词-ing”是一种常用的句型，用以提出建议。因而本题要用选项C。

S：“What about +动词-ing…?”是否也表示建议？

T：是的。接着看第2题。mind意为“介意”，后接动词 –ing，选D。

S：物主代词my在此表示何意？

T：my 用作calling的逻辑主语。再看第3题。

S：regret作何解释?

T：在本题中，regret作“后悔”解，表示“后悔做了某事”，要用动词-ing，用选项A。接着看第4题。

S：用remember to do 还是remember doing?

T：那要看句意。remember to do sth. 意为“记住要做某事”；remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”。

S：本题的句意是：你还记得去年在一次晚会上见到我吗？表示“记得做过某事”，要用选项C。

T：完全正确。请看第5题。 look forward to是个词组，意为“期盼”，to 是介词，因而要接动词-ing或名词，选D。再看第6题。

S：object to 也是一个词组，意为“反对”。to后面也接动词-ing ?

T：是的，因而要选D，their表示逻辑主语。请看第7题。

S：Would you like to do sth…. ? 那feel like后接什么呢？

T：feel like是“想要”的意思，后接动词-ing或名词。

S：那本题要用选项B。

T：是的。请看第8题：在伦敦的一些地方，没赶上一班公共汽车就意味着要再等一个小时。mean在句中作“意味着”解，后接动词-ing，选A。

S：mean能否接不定式to do?

T：当然可以，但mean to do sth. 意为“打算做某事”。请看第9题。

S：动词原形或动词过去式不能作句子的主语。

T：是的。本题用动名词作主语，选C。请看第10题。如果是动名词的否定结构，not放在哪里？

S：要放在动名词之前，但本题该选B还是D呢？

T：选项B是动名词的完成形式而选项D则是动名词的完成被动形式，根据句意：没有被邀请去参加晚会，Tony很不高兴，本题要用完成被动形式，选D。

 

要点3 分词

 

典型试题解析

 

1. Do you know the man_________ under the apple tree?

A. lay           B. lain            C. lying             D. laying

2. I had my meals_________ when I was ill in bed with a bad cold.

A. to bring       B. bring           C. brought           D. bringing

3. _________ his examination of the patient, the doctor wrote out a prescription.

A. Having finished                  B. Finishing

C. Finished                        D. Having been finished

4. There was so much noise in the hall that the speaker couldn’t make himself_________.

A. heard         B. hearing         C. to hear            D. hear

5.— Why does he look sad?

— There are so many problems_________.

A. remaining to settle                B. remained settling

C. remaining to be settled            D. remained to be settled

6.— The physics exam is not difficult, is it?

—_________. Even Harry_________ to the top students failed in it.

A. Yes; belongs                    B. No; belonged

C. Yes; belonging                  D. No; belonging

7. _________ tomorrow’s work, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.

A. Not preparing                   B. Not having prepared

C. Not to prepare                   D. Being not prepared

8. He sent me an e- mail, ______ to get further information.

A. hoped         B. hoping           C. to hope         D. hope

9. When      to, you should pay attention to what’s      to you.

A. spoken; said    B. said; said         C. said; spoken     D. spoken; spoken

10. With the problem      , our production has gone up.

A. settle          B. to settle          C. settling          D. settled

答案：

T：请看第1题：你认识不认识躺在苹果树下的那男人。“人躺在树下”是主谓结构，要用现在分词，选C。请看第2题。

S：had在句中是什么意思？

T：had用作“使役动词”。本题的意思是：当我患了重感冒躺在床上时，我让别人把饭送来。

S：噢，原来本题用的是have sth. done的结构，那该选C。

T：是的，请看第3题。the doctor是句子的主语，它与作状语的分词是主谓关系，因而要用现在分词。

S：那么该选A还是B呢？

T：如果表示分词的动作完成的时间要早于谓语动词，作状语的现在分词要用完成形式，正确选项是A。再看第4题。“make +反身代词”一般要加过去分词。第5题：有这么多问题有待解决。

S：本题用现在分词作定语，但不知选A还是选C？

T：那主要看problems 和settle之间的关系，如果动宾关系，要用不定式的被动结构。

S：那该选C。

T：是的。请看第6题。Harry和belong是主谓关系，因而要用现在分词作定语。

S：这一题中文是什么意思？

T：A问：物理考试不难，是吗？B答：不，很难。甚至连属于好学生的Harry考试也没及格。接着看第7题。

S：否定词not该放在哪里？

T：分词作状语，not要放在分词之前。根据句意：由于没有为明天的工作做好准备，Frank没有时间和朋友出去。 因而要用分词的完成形式。

S：这样说来，本题要用选项B。

T：是的。请看第8题。逗号之后，分词用作状语，因而用选项B。再看第9题。

S：请说一下本题的中文意思好吗？

T：好的。本题的句意是：当有人和你说话时，你应该注意别人在和你说什么。本题中，spoken的逻辑主语是you，即when you are spoken to，而say的用法是say sth. to sb.。

S：第10题能否用选项B？

T：不能用选项B。with sth. to do意思是“有事情要做”，而根据句意：问题解决了，我们的生产也增加了，应该用“with sth. done”的结构，表示动作的完成。

 

要点4  it与there

 

典型试题解析

1. _______ a pity that you missed the train for Beijing.

  A. That’s         B. It’s               C. There’s          D. What’s

2.      a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
  A. It existed      B. There existed       C. They had         D. There had

3. __________ took him nearly a year to write the book.

A. It            B. There             C. This             D. That

4. Since you have repaired my TV set, ________ is no need for me to buy a new one.

A. it            B. there              C. this             D. that

5. There is no doubt______ she will come to help me on time.

A. why          B. whether            C. if              D. that

6. We all thought_________ a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.

A. that          B. which              C. this             D. it

7. I don’t think __________ anything wrong with the machine.

A. it is          B. there is             C. that is           D. this is

8. Let’s get through the work quickly. __________ seems to be little time left now.

A. There        B. Here               C. It               D. That

9. Science has made __________possible for machines to take the place of human labour.

      A. this                  B. that                        C. its                          D. it

10. ________ eleven years since she began to teach in that school.

A. It was        B. There was          C. It is              D. There is

答案：

T：请看第1题。句中that引导主语从句，用it作形式主语。

S：这样说来，本题应该用选项B。

T：是的。请看第2题。英语中there be表示“存在有”，如果不用be动词，也可用exist等表示“状态”的动词，因而本题该用选项B。请看第3题。

S：本题也该用it作形式主语吧？

T：正是。再看第4题。本题表示“有无需要”，要用there be 结构，选B。请看第5题。

S：There is no doubt是什么意思？

T：意为“毫无疑问”，后面接由that引导的从句。再看第6题：我们都认为你不能参加我们的会议非常可惜。从句子结构看，本题需要一个形式宾语，因为真正的宾语是that引导的从句。

S：那该用it。因为在英语中，无论形式主语还是形式宾语只能用it。

T：你说得完全正确，选D。再看第7题：我想这机器没毛病。

S：表示“有无毛病”，要用there be句型，那该用选项B。

T：是的。接着看第8题。根据句意，表示“似乎有”，要用There seems to be…的结构。注意, 句中little表示否定意义。再看第9题。

S：好像it在句中用作形式宾语？

T：不错。本题由it用作形式宾语，真正的宾语则是不定式结构。第9题的句意是：科学已使得机器替代人力成为可能。再看第10题。

S：要表示“自发生某事以来，已有多少时间”，须用“It is /has been +时间词+ since…的结构”。

T：完全正确。本题用选项C。

 

【扩展学习】

 

非谓语

1. __________is not very easy.

      A. Work out the problem                         B. To ask him to come

      C. Send it to America                              D. To be become a teacher

2. It will take a long time __________around the country.

      A. to travelling      B. to travel                 C. travel                     D. travelling

3. Bob had years of hard work, little food, only a cold room __________and never had a moment to rest.

      A. to live              B. living                      C. live                        D. to live in

4. He hates __________the phone, and very often just lets it__________.

      A. to answer; ringing                              B. answering; ring

      C. to answer; to ring                               D. answering; ringing

5. I asked him to stop __________ noise, for I could not make out what the speaker was saying.

      A. to make            B. make                      C. making                  D. to making

6. It was so noisy that I couldn’t make myself __________clearly.

      A. being heard       B. hearing                   C. heard                     D. listen

7. At the back of the house, there is a path __________the river.

      A. leads to            B. led to                     C. leading to               D. has led to

8. The need __________foreign languages is becoming greater and greater.

      A. to learn            B. learning                  C. to be learned           D. being learned

9. The story is long. But it is worth__________.

      A. listen                B. listening to             C. listen to it               D. to listen

10. It’s no use __________here worrying about it. Let’s go to the teacher to give a clear explanation.

      A. sitting              B. sit                          C. to sit                      D. sat

11. It’s very clever __________him to say so.

      A. for                   B. to                          C. with                       D. of

12. The master ordered__________.

      A. the room to be swept                         B. to sweep the room

      C. sweeping the room                             D. the room swepted

13. They found their bikes__________.

      A. stolen              B. to steal                   C. stealing                  D. stole

14. What he said was really too good for us to __________.

      A. be believed       B. believing it              C. believe                   D. believe it

15. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone __________you the way.

      A. to show           B. show                     C. showing                 D. showed

16. On her way home, she found her handbag__________.

      A. being lost         B. missed                   C. losing                     D. missing

17. Mr Smith as well as his children and wife __________photos on the Great Wall.

      A. was seen take                                    B. were seen take

      C. was seen taking                                                                  D. were seen taking

18. The tools in the workshop are not allowed__________.

      A. taking out         B. to take out              C. to be taken out       D. being taken out

19. The books __________during the term must be returned to the library before you leave the school for the vacation.

      A. borrowing        B. to borrow               C. to be borrowed       D. borrowed

20. —You’ve come just in time to help us.

 —Fine. What needs__________?”

      A. I do                 B. done                      C. to be done              D. to do

21. __________as the best doctor in town, Mr. Ken always has a lot of patients.

      A. To regard         B. Regarded               C. Regard                   D. Regarding

22. He had a bad habit of sleeping with all the windows__________.

      A. close               B. closed                    C. closing                   D. to close

23. This sentence needs__________.

      A. a improvement  B. improve                  C. improving              D. improved

24. I feel it’s an honour __________to attend the opening ceremony of the new company.

      A. to invite            B. of being invited       C. to be invited           D. having invited

25. __________early in winter?

      A. Do you use to get up                          B. Use you to get up

      C. Are you used to get up                        D. Are you used to getting up

26. This boy enjoys __________questions but dislikes __________them.

      A. asking; answering                              B. to ask; answering

      C. asking; to answer                               D. to ask; to answer

27. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth__________.

      A. filling               B. having been filled     C. filled                      D. full

28. She was __________and did not know what was waiting before her.

      A. puzzling           B. puzzled                  C. being puzzled          D. puzzle

29. I’ve never seen so much nice food. I don’t know__________.

      A. which could take                                B. which one to take

      C. what to take                                      D. to take which

30. __________dark glasses in the sun may protect your eyes.

      A. Wearing           B. Wear                      C. Put on                    D. Putting on

31. Most of the artists __________to the party were from South Africa.

      A. invited            B. to invite                  C. being invited           D. had been invited

32. We must do everything possible to prevent such things from __________again.

      A. happening        B. to happen               C. being happened       D. happen

33. __________in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

      A. Losing             B. Having lost             C. Lost                      D. To lose

34. Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself__________.

      A. understand       B. be understood         C. understood             D. understanding

35. I happened __________when the telephone rang.

      A. out                  B. to be out                C. being out                D. out of

36. He hurried to the mayor’s office, __________why he needed to talk to him at such a late hour.

      A. wondering       B. wondered               C. wonders                 D. wonder

37. Little Jim should love __________to the theatre this evening.

      A. to be taken       B. to take                    C. being taken             D. taking

38. I would appreciate __________back this afternoon.

      A. you to call        B. you call                  C. your calling            D. you’re calling

39. How about the two of us __________a walk down the garden?

      A. to take             B. take                       C. taking                    D. to be taking

40. Paul doesn’t have to be made__________. He always works hard.

      A. learn                B. to learn                  C. learnt                     D. learning

答案：

1。B。由不定式作句子的主语。

2．B。本题为“花费多少时间做某事”的特定结构。

3．D。要说live in a cold room，因此用作定语的不定式不能缺少介词in。

4．B。要说let sb. do sth., 而let sth.也要加动词原形。

5．C。stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”，而stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来开始做某事”的意思。

6．C。make +反身代词+过去分词，表示被动意义。

7．C。被修饰语与修饰语是主谓关系，因而用现在分词作定语。

8．A。need用作名词，不定式用作need的定语。

9．B。be worth需接动词-ing，不用不定式。

10．A。It’s no use需接动词-ing。

11．D。形容词用来说明人物性格、特征，表示“某人怎么样”时，要用of sb. to do sth.。

12．A。sweep的过去分词是swept，排除D。order不能接动词-ing。

13．A。bikes与steal是动宾关系，表示被动意义，要用过去分词。

14．C。本题为“too…to…”结构，believe的逻辑宾语是what he said，因而不能用it。

15．B。have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。

16．D。find sth. missing / lost意为“发现某物丢失”。

17．C。was seen doing sth. 意为“被看见在某事”。was seen不能直接加动词原形，而应该说was seen to do sth.。

18．C。句意：车间里的工具不允许（被拿出去）。根据句意，该用不定式的被动结构。

19．D。表示“借来的书”，要用过去分词作定语。

20．C。表示“需要怎么做”，need后接动词-ing或to be done。

21．B。句中Mr. Ken与regarded之间是被动关系，因而要用过去分词作状语。

22．B。windows与close之间是被动关系，因而要用过去分词closed。

23．C。表示“需要怎么做”，need后接动词-ing或to be done。

24．C。句意：我觉得应邀参加新公司的开业典礼是一种荣誉。表示被动意义，要用不定式的被动结构。

25．D。be used to接动词-ing，意为“习惯于”。

26．A。enjoy和dislike都需动词-ing作宾语。

27．C。本题用“have sth. done”结构，意为“请人补牙”。

28．B。be puzzled意为“感到困惑”。

29．C。本题用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。

30．A。动名词短语：wearing dark glasses作句子主语。putting on表示“瞬间动作”不能在本题中用作主语。

31．A。表示被动意义，用过去分词作定语。

32．A。from后接动词-ing，happen不能用于被动结构.

33．C。be lost in thought意为“陷入沉思”。

34．C。反身代词+过去分词，表被动意义。

35．B。happen作“碰巧”解，后接不定式to do或to be。

36．A。现在分词作状语，表示伴随动作。

37．A。句意：Jim今晚想让别人带他去看戏。表被动意义，要用不定式的被动结构。should love只能接to do或to be done。

38．C。appreciate作“感谢”解，后接动词-ing。

39．C。“How about +动词-ing…？”用以提出建议。

40．B。be made 不能直接加动词原形，应该用to do。

 

 It与there 的用法

1. __________that the farmer shouldn’t have mercy on the snake.

      A. In mind                                             B. In my mind

      C. It seems to me                                  D. I think in my thought

2. Does __________matter much if I sleep with the windows open?

      A. it                     B. that                        C. this                        D. I

3. __________ make much difference whether you attend his birthday party or not.

      A. That doesn’t     B. What is not             C. Why does it            D. It doesn’t

4. There__________ many a student in the classroom.

      A. is                    B. are                         C. have been               D. were

5. —Were all the people in the bus injured?

   —No, __________only five passengers who got hurt.

      A. there was         B. it was                    C. there is                   D. it is

6.  __________ was no doubt that his health was returning.

      A. It                    B. There                    C. As                         D. That

7. The use of radar as well as the two-way radio__________ for the police to intercept most speeders.

      A. make it possible                                 B. makes it possible

      C. makes possible                                   D. make it a possibility

8. __________I have made no arrangements to deal with such cases.

      A. It appear that                                     B. That appears

      C. They appear that                                D. It appears that

9. __________hard water does not mix well with soap.

      A. That is a well-known fact                   B. That is a well-known fact in which

      C. It is a well-known fact that                 D. It is a well-known that

10. He felt that __________must be something wrong with the car.

      A. there               B. it                           C. that                        D. this

11. __________doesn’t seem to have been any difficult over the money question.

      A. There              B. It                          C. That                      D. This

12. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but __________didn’t help.

      A. he                    B. which                    C. she                        D. it

答案：

1．C。本题需要用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。

2．A。matter用作谓语动词，作“要紧”解，用it 作主语。

3．D。it 用作形式主语。

4．A。many a student用作单数，be动词也要用单数。

5．B。本题为强调结构，又因强调的是过去，所以用it was不用it is。

6．B。There was no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，接that引出的从句。

7．B。本题需用一般现在时第三人称单数。

8．D。本题需用it作形式主语。

9．C。it作用形式主语。

10．A。本题要用there be结构。

11．A。to have been是to be的完成形式，本题用there seem to be的否定结构。

12．D。it在本题中指代前面一个句子所表述的内容。