第五单元  并列句与从句

 

【单元主要内容及目标】

本单元主要复习并列句与从句。通过本单元学习和训练，熟悉并掌握相关的语法知识点。

 

【讲授】

 要点1 并列句 

 

典型试题解析

1. — Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

— I’d like to, ______I’m too busy.

A. and           B. but               C. as              D. so

2. Don’t lose heart. _______ and you’ll succeed.

A. Tom make another effort              B. Another effort

C. Make another effort                  D. If you make another effort

3. Tony finished his meal, ________ the bill, and left the restaurant.

A. paying        B. to check           C. checking         D. paid

4. They felt puzzled that a child could solve this problem_______ they themselves couldn’t.

  A. once          B. then              C. if               D. while

5. I don’t know her address, _______ I can’t write to her.

A. but           B. or                C. so              D. since

6. —Do you feel like going out _______would you rather have dinner at home?

  —I’d like to go out.

A. and           B. or                C. but             D. so

7. I was satisfied with her explanation, _________.

A. so my classmates were

B. so were my classmates

C. so my classmates did

D. so did my classmates

8. Five minutes earlier,      we could have caught the last train.

  A. and                 B. or                         C. so                        D. but

9. _______ for a long time, but he tried his best to catch up with his classmates.

A. Having been ill  B. Being ill          C. He was ill       D. To be ill

10.   The boy knows little English and _______.

A. so do I        B. neither do I        C. so am I          D. neither am I

答案：

T：请看第1题。根据句意，表示转折。

S：那该用选项B（but）。

T：是的。再看第2题：别灰心，再作努力，你会成功的。本题表示递进关系，用“祈使句+ and +句子”的结构，选C。

S：本题能否选D（If you make another effort）？

T：不能选D。如选D，就不能用并列连词and，接着看第3题。

S：本题是谓语动词并列，都用一般过去时，选D（paid）。

T：完全正确。再看第4题：他们感到困惑的是：小孩能解决这个问题而他们自己则解决不了。

S：本题表示转折，但我不知道该用哪个选项？

T：用选项D。while除引导时间状语从句外，也可表示“对照”的意思。接着看第5题。本题表示因果关系。

S：该用选项C（so）。

T：是的。请看第6题。根据句意，表示选择。

S：选B（or）行吗？

T：可以。or既可表示选择，也可表示转折。再看第7题。如何表示与上文提到的情况一样？

S：如上文是肯定句，要用so，而且还要用疑问句结构，因而要用选项B。

T：是的。请看第8题：要是早来5分钟，我们就可能赶上最后一班火车。

S：表示递进关系，要用选项A（and）。

T：对。接着看第9题。注意句中有but一词。

S：but之后是句子，but之前也应该是句子，因而要用选项C。

T：完全正确。请看第10题。

S：本题选A，行吗？

T：不行。句中 little表示否定意义，意思是“男孩几乎不懂英语”。在上文表示否定的情况下，后句要用neither或nor，并要用疑问句结构。正确选项是B（neither do I）。

 

要点2  名词性从句

 

典型试题解析

1. With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased_________ he was a man of action.

A. which         B. that           C. what              D. whether

2.      I do it or not is none of your business.

  A. If             B. Whether       C. No matter          D. Neither

3.      he wrote in his composition has nothing to do with the title.

  A. That           B. All which      C. All what           D. What

4. She was surprised __________.

A. how simple was his problem        B. how his problem was simple

C. how was his problem simple        D. how simple his problem was

5. That is the fact_______ the government has made the right decision.

A. whether       B. when          C. if                 D. that

6. People at the party worried about him, because no one was aware_________ he had gone.

A. of where                        B. of the place where

C. where                          D. the place

7. ________will be elected chairman of the club is unknown.

A. Who         B. Whom         C. Which             D. That

8. Do you know_______?

A. how many populations there are in the world

B. how many the population of the world is

C. what the population of the world is

D. how much population there is in the world

9. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____shares her interests.

A. anyone        B. whomever       C. whoever          D. no matter who

10. It was said______ that was ______ the prisoner escaped from prison.

  A. that…what     B. that …that       C. what…how        D. that …how

答案：

T：请看第1题。本题由that引出宾语从句，选B。接着看第2题：我做不做这个不管你的事。

S：选A，用if可以吗？

T：if虽可以表示“是否”的意思，但不能引导主语从句，要用whether。本题要用选项B。请看第3题：他在作文中写的与题目无关。主语从句的引导词用作wrote的宾语。

S：选A可以吗？

T：不可以。以that引导的主语从句，必须是一个完整的句子。请看第4题。注意从句必须用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句结构。

S：这样看来应该选D（how simple his problem was）。

T：是的。再看第5题。the fact与后面的从句有什么关系？

S：后面的句子好像是说明fact的具体内容。

T：这就是同位关系。fact后面的句子被叫作同位语从句。同位语从句大都由that作引导词，因而选D。请看第6题：没人知道他去了哪里。was aware of意为“知道”，where he had gone作用介词of 的宾语从句。

S：第7题中的主语从句中缺少主语，根据句意，应该选A（who）。

T：完全正确。请看第8题。本题因有population（人口）一词，因而询问“有多少人”，要用疑问词what，但从句必须用陈述句语序，本题要用选项C。再看第9题。介词之后的从句缺少主语。

S：那该用whoever。

T：是的。whoever在句中等同于anyone who。注意“no matter +疑问词”只能引导状语从句。再看第10题。It was said之后一般由that 引出主语从句。

S：但这个主语从句中好像还包含一个从句。

T：是的。它还包含着一个表语从句。根据句意：据说那就是犯人逃出监狱的方法（即如何逃出监狱的），要用how。正确选项是D。

 

要点3  定语从句

 

典型试题解析

1. It is the best film _________ I have ever seen.

A. that           B. who            C. whom            D. which

2. Did you notice the guy _________ head looked like a big potato?

A. who          B. which           C. whose            D. whom

3. You can borrow any book ________.

A. that you interest                   B. that interests you

C. which interest you                 D. which is interested in

4. I still remember the days _______we studied together.

A. that          B. which           C. where            D. when

5. The doctor _________is leaving for America next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him            B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to               D. who the nurse is talking

6. This is Mr. Smith, ________ I think has something interesting to tell us.

A. who          B. whom           D. that             D. /

7. While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _________ is very useful now for me.

A. it             B. which           C. that             D. what

8. I am very grateful to you for what you’ve given me and        you have done for me.

  A. which              B. that                      C. all what                  D. all that

9. That was the reason_______ Mac gave me the other day.

A. why          B. for that           C. which           D. for which

10. Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies_________ bad for their mental development.

A. that is        B. which is           C. as is            D. what are

答案：

T：请看第1题。此定语从句需要一个作宾语的关系词。

S：用which可以吗？

T：不可以。因为本题中的先行词被形容词最高级所修饰，只能用that不用which。正确选项是A。接着看第2题。本题中，先行词与head有什么关系？

S：所属关系。

T：因而要用关系词whose，选C。请看第3题。注意interest在定语从句中用作动词，意为“使……感兴趣”。

S：那该用选项B还是C呢？

T：由于先行词之前有any，要用that做关系词。正确选项为B。请看下一题。在本题中，the days为先行词，并在定语从句中表示时间。

S：由此看来，该用选项D（when）。

T：是的。请看第5题。先行词the doctor是talk to的宾语，用作宾格的关系代词还可省略。

S：那该题应该用选项C。

T：是的。请看第6题。注意句中I think是插入语。要是删去插入语，很显然，定语从句缺少了主语。

S：选D，对吗？

T：不对。本题是非限制性定语从句，逗号之后不能用that作关系词。因此，本题的正确选项是A（who）。接着看第7题。此题也是非限制性定语从句。

S：看来只能用which，但which指代的是什么呢？

T：which指代“我学会拍照”这件事。再看第8题。and表示并列。在4个选项中，哪个选项等同于what呢？

S：选项D（all that）。

T：对的。请看第9题。the reason是定语从句的先行词。

S：那该用why做关系词。

T：错了。用什么关系词取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分。本题中，the reason是gave的宾语，因而要用选项C（which），不能用表示原因的why。接着看第10题。

S：先行词前有such，该用什么关系词？

T：要用as。本题的句意是：15岁以下的孩子不允许看这种对他们道德观念形成不利的电影。

 

要点4  状语从句

 

典型试题解析

1. He was about to tell me the secret_______ someone came into the room.

A. as            B. until            C. while             D. when

2. You will fail in the driving test _______you have more practice.

A. if            B. unless           C. when             D. after

3.      the sad news, tears rolled down the girl’s face.

  A. Hearing       B. Having heard     C. When she heard    D. On hearing

4. It is ________ that it is well worth seeing.

A. so an interesting film               B. such an interesting film    

C. a film so interesting                D. such interesting a film

5. No matter _________, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.

A. it was snowing hard                B. hard it was snowing

C. how it was snowing hard            D. how hard it was snowing

6. Hardly_________ on stage _________ the audience started cheering.

A. he had come; than                 B. he had come; when

C. had he come; when                D. had he come; than

7. I’ll do it carefully,      it will take me hours.

   A. even         B. till             C. even if           D. if

8. John saved up his money _________he might go abroad for his vocation.

A. when          B. since           C. for             D. so that

9. Important_________ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.

A. when          B. until           C. as              D. although

10. You should make it a rule to leave things______ you can find them again.

A. when          B. where          C. then            D. there

答案：

T：请看第1题：他正要告诉我那秘密时，突然有人走了进来。

S：be about to do与when一起用时，就有“突然”的意思。

T：说得对。本题要用选项D。请看第2题。根据句意，有“除非”的意思。

S：那该选B（unless）。

T：是的。请看第3题。注意句中的标点: 逗号之后的句子由tears（眼泪）作主语，但它与分词hearing没有任何逻辑关系, 因而要用when引导从句，选C。接着看第4题。

S：不知道该题用such还是用so?

T：用so还是用such取决于语序。要说such an interesting film或so interesting a film。

S：那本题要用选项B。

T：对。请看第5题。no matter需加疑问词才能引导状语从句。

S：那选C还是选D呢？

T：how之后要紧接形容词或副词，本题选D。请看第6题。hardly与when一起用，意为“一……就……”。

S：这样看来应该选B。

T：错了。hardly放在句首时，别忘了倒装，要用疑问句语序。正确选项是C，请看第7题：即使要花几个小时，我也要认真地做。

S：even if 可用来表示，“即使，即便”的意思。

T：是的。本题选C。再看第8题：John 把钱存起来为的是到国外去度假。

S：本题中，从句表示目的，要用选项D。

T：对的。请看第9题：他的发现虽然重要，但在他那个时代并没有被看成是一件重要的事情。

S：从句似乎表示让步，为何把important放在句首？

T：这是因为本题由as引导让步状语，选C。请看第10题：你应该立个规矩，把东西放在你可以找得到的地方。

S：从句表示地点，那该用选项B（where）。

T：完全正确。

 

【扩展学习】

 

并列句、名词性从句

1. My name is Robert, __________most of my friends call me Bob for short.

A. then                   B. instead                   C. for                         D. but

2. No one can be sure __________in a million years.

A. what man will look like                         B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what                         D. what look will man like

3. __________it is done on purpose is beyond doubt.

A. What                 B. Who                      C. That                      D. Whoever

4. What surprised me was __________so well.

A. what he spoke English                          B. that he spoke English

C. which did he speak English                    D. what did he spoke English

5. Can you tell me__________?

A. who is that gentleman                           B. that gentleman is who

C. who that gentleman is                          D. whom is that gentleman

6. __________a good thing they didn’t catch you.

A. That’s                B. It’s                        C. What’s                   D. There’s

7. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem __________they themselves couldn’t.

A. once                  B. then                       C. while                     D. if

8. __________is still unknown.

A. How he could break into the bank          B. How he was able to break into the bank

C. How he dare to break into the bank        D. How dared he break into the bank

9. __________came that the professor could not come.

A. Word                 B. The word               C. Saying                   D. Words

10. This young man isn’t__________, he has turned over a new leaf.

A. the man he used to                             B. what he used to be

C. that he used to be                               D. how he used to be

11. Could you tell me__________?

A. which the nearest way is to the stadium

B. which is the nearest way to the stadium

C. which the nearest way to the stadium is

D. which way to the stadium is

12. You must work hard; __________, you will not learn English well.

A. nevertheless      B. in the meantime       C. otherwise               D. therefore

13. The question is __________to land men there.

A. if it was safe                                       B. if was it safe

C. whether it was safe                             D. whether safe it was

14. My experience is that you mustn’t speak of__________.

A. that you can’t do                                B. which you can’t do

C. what you can’t do                              D. you can’t do it

15. She thought I was talking about her daughter,__________, in fact , I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom             B. where                    C. which                    D. while

16. You can’t imagine __________when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited                       B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they                       D. they were excited

17. __________you are correct or not remains to be seen.

A. If                    B. That                       C. Whether                D. Since

18. There is a rule in our school __________no one is allowed to wear long hair.

A. where               B. which                    C. that                       D. what

19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of __________shares her interests.

A. anyone             B. whomever              C. whoever                D. no matter who

20. __________I can’t understand is__________ he asked for such a small salary.

A. Why; that          B. What; why             C. That; what             D. Which; what

21. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I’d like to,__________ I’m too busy.

A. and                  B. so                          C. as                          D. but

22. Whether he will leave today or tomorrow __________no difference.

A. makes              B. make                      C. is                           D. was

23. __________surprised me was __________so well.

A. What; what he spoke                          B. That; that he spoke English

C. What; that he spoke English                D. That; what did he spoke English

24. I remember __________this used to be a quiet village.

A. when                B. how                       C. where                    D. what

25. He has never been to China;__________, he doesn’t know much about it.

A. however           B. therefore                C. otherwise               D. moreover

答案：

1．D。表示转折。

2．A。从句要用陈述句语序。

3．C。本题为主语从句，并且从句必须是个完整句子。

4．B。从句要用陈述句语序，并且是个完整句子，用that作引导词。

5．C。who为宾语从句引导词，用陈述句语序。

6．B。It作形式主语。

7．C。while 表示让步或对比意义，意为“而，却”。

8．B。本题为主语从句，表示“过去做成了某事”，用was / were able to不用could。

9．A。word在本题作“消息”解，不加定冠词，也不用复数。

10．B。what引导表语从句。

11．B。从句要用陈述句语序，从句引导词which在从句中作主语。

12．C。分号与逗号之间一般用连接副词。根据句意，选otherwise（否则的话）。

13．C。表语从句不能用if作引导词，并要用主谓结构。

14．C。what引导从句，作介词of的宾语从句。

15．D。表示对比意义，用while，意为“而”。

16．B。how紧跟形容词或副词，再加主谓结构。

17．C。whether与or not连用，主语从句不能用if。

18．C。that引导同位语从句，说明rule （规则）的具体内容。

19．C。whoever等于anyone who，在从句中作主语，因而不能用whomever。

20．B。what引导主语从句，引导词what在从句中作understand的宾语。why引导表语从句。

21．D。根据句意，表示转折。

22．A。make no difference意为“没有关系，没有区别”，但由一个从句作主语，谓语要用单数。

23．C。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。

24．A。句意：我记得在什么时候这曾是一个宁静的村庄。when引导宾语从句。

25．B。表示原因选therefore（因此）。