TPO30:THE PACE OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
(2014-02-24 13:52:14)The Pace of Evolutionary Change
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:innumerable和countless是同义词,意思都是数量大到难以估计。
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第二句提到A;第三句提到B;最后一句提到D。选项C的reject错了。
3.
In 1972 paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged conventional wisdom with an opposing viewpoint, the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, which posits that species give rise to new species in relatively sudden bursts, without a lengthy transition period.
1972年,古生物学家SJG和NE挑战传统观点,他们的观点是punctuated equilibrium。这个观点认为物种是在相对短的爆发中变成了新的物种,期间没有长的过渡阶段
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:原句的主干是SJG和NE反对gradulism,提出punctuated equilibrium的假说,这个假说的内容认为物种的进化中没有长的过渡阶段,而是相对短的爆发阶段。答案选D。
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:gradualism假说认为物种是“change continuously”,而punctuated equilibrium假说认为物种是“give rise to new species in relatively sudden bursts, without a lengthy transition period.”所以两个假说不同点在与物种进化的速度。Gradualism认为进化速度应该是差不多恒定不变,而punctuated equilibrium认为进化速度在一个短期内应该非常快。所以答案选C。
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落倒数第三句“Intermediated fossil forms, predicted by gradualism, are typically lacking.”gradualism所预测的中间过度化石形式通常不存在。所以这种不存在对gradualism提出了质疑。答案选C。
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:compelling:not able to be refuted;无法反驳的,所以说服力强。答案选B。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第二句“A convincing 50-million-year sequence of modern horse ancestors --- each slightly larger, with more complex teeth, a longer face, and a more prominent central toe --- seemed to provide strong support for Darwin’s contention that species evolve gradually.”这句话提到了B和C。段落倒数第二句“The four-toed Eohippus preceded the three-toed Miohippus, for example, but…”这句话提到了选项A;答案选D。
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:alter改变的意思,alteration是其名词形式,所以答案选C 。
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落倒数第二句“In that study, each of eight different trilobite species was observed to undergo a gradual change in the number of segments….”答案选A。
10.
与单词Occasionally在文中意思最接近的是
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:occasionally 偶尔的意思,所以答案选C。
11.
第七段的主要目的是
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:上一段的最后一句“Detailed field studies of thick rock formations containing fossils provide the best potential tests of the competing theories.”意思是:对包含化石记录的厚岩石层的详细考察研究能提供这对相互竞争理论的最好潜在测试。接下来这段的讲的就是这样的一个study,所以这个study 的目的就是对这两个相互竞争理论的测试。
12. Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
They believe that environmental conditions may play a crucial role in determining which of the two modes will be in operation over a given period.
解析:they和which of the two modes是解题线索。答案是C。前一句的Most researchers和both modes of transition分别对应they和which of the two modes,后一句的正好讨论modes和气候的关系。
13.
Punctuated equilibrium: a, e
Gradualism: b, d, g
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

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