OG: GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE
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托福ibt阅读解析杂谈 |
分类: 托福阅读全解析(OG TPO Onlin |
Geology and Landscape
1.
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解析:段落第一句话“Most people consider the landscape to be unchanging, but Earth is a dynamic body, and its surface is continually altering – slowly on the human time scale, but relatively rapidly when compared to the great age of Earth.”意思是:大多数人认为地貌是不变的,但是地球是一个有机体,而且它的表面是持续不断地在改变 — 在人类时间刻度上显慢,但是与地球年龄相比相对迅速多了。
2.
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解析:查字典,Relatively means to a certain degree, especially when
compared with other things of the same kind.
The sums needed are relatively small...
=
comparatively
3.
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b)
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解析:回原文段落倒数第二段“About 400million years ago, when the present-day continents of North America and Europe were joined, the Caledonian mountain chain was the same size as the modern Himalayas. ”意思是:大约4亿年前,那时候现在的北美大陆和欧洲还是连在一起的,Caledonian山脉与喜马拉雅山脉一样大。往后看一句“Today, however, the relics of Caledonian…exist as the comparatively low mountains of ….”意思就是现在相较之下很低。
4.
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b)
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解析:毫无疑问,答案是remains。
5.
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解析:第二句话“Some mountains were formed as a result of these plates crashing into each other and forcing up the rock at the plate margins.”意思是:有一些山是因为一些板块相互碰撞把板块边缘的岩石逼迫向上而形成的。
6.
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解释:回到原句“Carbon dioxide in the air reacts with the rain-water, forming a weak acid (carbonic acid) that may chemically attack the rocks.”意思是:二氧化碳在空气中与雨水反应,形成了一种弱酸(碳酸),这种酸可能在化学上攻击岩石。
7.
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解析:查字典,If something such as liquid or gas seeps somewhere, it flows slowly and in small amounts into a place where it should not go. 释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
8.
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b)
c)
d)
解析:看原句“Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris. ”意思是:冰川也许会在永久冰冷区域内形成,并且这些慢慢移动的大冰块切过山谷,他们自己携带大量被侵蚀的岩石碎片。其实翻译过后就很自然能理解为什么them代表Masses of ice.
9.
Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms.
丘陵山区通常被认为是永久的象征,成功抵抗了大自然破坏的力量,但事实上他们在地质学范畴上相对短命的。
Be regarded as 被认为….; Be considered as 被认为;epitome n.象征; short-lived 短命的。
整句话就是一个转折句,由but连接。
a)
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10.
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解析:段落中有这么一句话“It carries fine particles of sand, which bombard exposed rock surfaces, thereby wearing them into yet more sand.”意思是:它携带精细的沙子,轰炸暴露出来的岩石表面,从而把它们变成更多的沙子。
11.
Under different climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion.
在不同的气候条件下,另外一种破坏性力量也会有助于侵蚀。
解析:根据another type of destructive force可以判断插入口前面讲一种大自然的摧毁力量而后面要讲另外一种大自然摧毁力量,再根据Under different climatic conditions判断前后的气候条件肯定不一样。 所以看来看去发现只有第一个插入口合适。第一个插口前面讲的是在寒冷环境下glaciers的破坏力量,后面讲的是干燥环境下wind 的破坏力量。所以答案是第一个插入口。
12.
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b)
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e)
f)
g)
解析:地桥板块之间的碰撞,地震和火山运动都是形成山的原因也都属于Constructive Processes; 风沙在干旱地区侵蚀作用,气候过程在寒冷地带冰川的侵蚀作用,所以都属于Destructive Processes。
因此,答案是:Constructive Processes:1,5,6;
解释说明型文章,主要讲述了构造地质地貌的两大过程:Constructive Processes; Destructive Forces;第一段引入;第二段讲了山是越高越年轻;第三段讲形成山的三个原因:地壳碰撞、地震和火山运动。第四段讲只要突出就要遭受大自然的洗礼;第五段讲天气是主要的侵蚀载体,有雨水冲刷、酸雨、渗透到地下的水以及溪流和河水。第六段讲两种不同天气情况下的破坏性因素,极冷地区的冰川和干旱地区的风沙,还提到草根对土壤的固定作用也会帮助地形的形成。

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