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The Voyevoda[Voyevoda]

Opera in 3 acts and 4 scenes, Op. 3.

Libretto by the composer and Aleksandr Ostrovsky, after the latter's play Dream on the Volga [Son na Volge].

Composed March 1867 - July 1868.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, military drum, cymbals, bass drum and strings.

The Entr'acte and Dances of the Chambermaids from Act III were based on the Characteristic Dances for orchestra (1865), and were also arranged for piano duet by Tchaikovsky.

In 1868 Tchaikovsky compiled a Potpourri on themes from the opera, for solo piano.

First performed in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 30 January/11 February 1869, conducted by Eduard Merten.

The score was destroyed by Tchaikovsky in the 1870s, but has since been reconstructed from surviving orchestral and vocal parts. Much of the first act was re-used in The Oprichnik (1870-72).

市长（又译“总督”、“司令官”）。

3幕4场歌剧，作品第Op.3号。

剧本由作曲家和亚历山大·奥斯特洛夫斯基根据喜剧《伏尔加之梦》而作。

作于1867年3月-1868年7月。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，三角铁，小军鼓，钹，大鼓和弦乐组谱曲。

为管弦乐队而作的性格舞曲（1865年），及为钢琴二重奏而作的乐曲，同样是由柴可夫斯基改编自第3幕女仆一场中的幕间曲和舞曲。

1868年柴可夫斯基将歌剧编成一首主题集成曲，为钢琴独奏而作。

1869年1月30日-2月11日在莫斯科大剧院首演，由爱德华·默滕指挥。

1870年由柴可夫斯基将乐谱消毁，但是后来又重新写的管弦乐和声乐部分残存，终幕音乐大部分再次用在《禁卫军》中（1870年-1872年）。

Undina

Opera in 3 acts.

Libretto by Vladimir Sollogub, after Vasily Zhukovsky's translation of Friedrich de la Motte-Fouqué's Ondine.

Composed January - July 1869.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, cymbals, bass drum, harp, piano and strings.

Never performed in its entirity. A few extracts were given a concert performance in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 16/28 March 1870, conducted by Eduard Merten.

The score was destroyed by Tchaikovsky in the 1870s. Only the extracts performed in 1870 survive, but some music from the opera was subsequently re-used in other works.

水仙女（又译“乌亭”）

3幕歌剧 。

剧本由弗拉基米尔·索洛古布根据瓦西利·茹科夫斯基翻译的弗里德里希·德·拉·莫特-福克小说《女水神》而作。

作于1869年1月-7月。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，三角铁，钹，大鼓，竖琴，钢琴和弦乐组谱曲。

从未演出过它的全部，1870年3月16日-28日，只有很少的选段在莫斯科，莫斯科大剧院的音乐会上演出过，由爱德华·默滕指挥。

1870年由柴可夫斯基将乐谱消毁，唯一的是在1870年演出过选段幸免，除少许选自歌剧中的音乐后来再次用在其它的作品中。

The Oprichnik [Oprichnik]

Opera in 4 acts and 5 scenes.

Libretto by the composer, after Ivan Lazechnikov's tragedy The Oprichniks [Oprichniki].

Composed February 1870 - April 1872 (includes music from The Voyevoda). The entr'acte to Act II was written and scored by Vladimir Shilovsky.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, tambourine, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.

Some numbers were also arranged for voices with piano by Tchaikovsky, 1870-72.

First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 12/24 April 1874, conducted by Eduard Nápravník.

Dedicated to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov.

In March 1877, Tchaikovsky wrote a Funeral March on themes from the opera for piano duet (now lost), and in September 1878 he composed an additional aria for Act II.

禁卫军

4幕5场歌剧。

剧本由作曲家根据伊凡·拉泽奇尼科夫悲剧《禁卫军》而作。

作于1870年2月-1872年4月（包含《市长》（又译“总督”、“司令官”）的音乐），由弗拉基米尔·谢洛夫斯基写作第2幕的幕间曲和总谱。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，三角铁，小手鼓，钹，大鼓，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为人声和钢琴而同样是由柴可夫斯基于1870年-1872年将一些乐段改编的。

1874年4月12日-24日在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院首演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

题献给康斯坦丁·尼古拉耶维奇·罗曼诺夫大公。

1877年3月，为钢琴二重奏而作是由柴可夫斯基根据歌剧中的葬礼进行曲主题创作的（现已遗失），及1878年9月为第2幕作了附加咏叹调。

Vakula the Smith[Kuznets Vakula]

Opera in 3 acts and 8 scenes, Op. 14.

Libretto by Yakov Polonsky, after Nikolay Gogol's story Christmas Eve [Noch' pered rozhdestvom].

Composed June - October 1874.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.

Some numbers were also arranged for voices with piano or for piano duet (4 hands) by Tchaikovsky, 1874.

First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 24 November/6 December 1876, conducted by Eduard Nápravník.

Dedicated to the memory of the Grand Duchess Yelena Pavlovna Romanova.

Revised in 1885 as Cherevichki.

铁匠瓦库拉

3幕8场歌剧，作品第Op.14号。

剧本由耶科夫·波伦斯基根据尼古拉·果戈里的小说《圣诞前夜》而作。

作于1874年6月-10月。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，钹，大鼓，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为人声和钢琴或钢琴二重奏（4手联弹）而作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1874年将一些乐段改编的。

1874年11月24日-12月6日在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院首演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

题献给大公夫人耶莉娜·帕夫洛夫娜·罗曼诺娃。

由契维奇基1885年修订。

Eugene Onegin[Yevgeniy Onegin]

Lyrical scenes in 3 acts and 7 tableaux, Op. 24.

Libretto by the composer and Konstantin Shilovsky, after Aleksandr Pushkin's novel in verse.

Composed May 1877 - January 1878; final scene revised October 1880. Ecossaise for Act III added August 1885.

Also arranged for voices with piano by Tchaikovsky, 1877-78.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, harp and strings.

First performed in Moscow, Malïy Theatre, 17/29 March 1879, conducted by Nikolay Rubinstein.

叶甫根尼·奥涅金

抒情场景的3幕7场歌剧，作品第Op.24号。

剧本由作曲家和弗拉基米尔·希洛夫斯基根据亚历山大·普希金的诗体小说而作。

作于1877年5月-1878年1月，最后一场修订于1880年10月，1885年8月为第3幕附加了一首苏格兰舞曲。

为人声和钢琴而作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1877年-1878年改编的。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

1879年5月17日-29日在莫斯科剧院首演，由尼古拉·鲁宾斯坦指挥。

The Maid of Orleans[Orleanskaya deva]

Opera in 4 acts and 6 scenes.

Libretto by the composer, after Friedrich Schiller, Vasily Zhukovsky, Jules Barbier and August Mermet.

Composed December 1878 - August 1879; some scenes revised October 1882.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.

First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 13/25 February 1881, conducted by Eduard Nápravník.

Dedicated to Eduard Nápravník.

奥尔良少女

4幕6场歌剧。

剧本由作曲家根据瓦西利·茹科夫斯基，朱尔斯·巴比和奥古斯特·默梅特翻译的弗里德里希·席勒诗作而作。

作于1878年12月-1879年8月，有些场景修订于1882年10月。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，小军鼓，钹，大鼓，琴竖和弦乐组谱曲。

1879年2月13日-25日在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院首演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

题献给爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克。

Mazepa

Opera in 3 acts and 6 scenes.

Libretto by Viktor Burenin (revised by Tchaikovsky), after Aleksandr Pushkin's poem Poltava.

Composed June 1881 - April 1883.

Scored for soloists, chorus, 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, tambourine, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.

Also arranged by Tchaikovsky for voices with piano, 1881-83.

First performed in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 3/15 February 1884, conducted by Ippolit Altani.

马捷帕

3幕6场歌剧。

剧本由维克托·布伦宁（柴可夫斯基修订）根据亚历山大·普希金诗作《波尔塔瓦》而作。

作于1883年6月-4月，有些场景修订于1882年10月。

为独唱，合唱队，长笛3（第3长笛为低音短笛），双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，小军鼓，钹，大鼓，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为小提琴和钢琴而作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1881-1883年改编的。

1884年2月3日-15日在莫斯科，莫斯科大剧院首演，由伊波利特·阿尔塔尼指挥。

Cherevichki(Les caprices d'Oxane)

Opera in 4 acts and 8 scenes.

Libretto by Yakov Polonsky, after Nikolay Gogol's story Christmas Eve [Noch' pered rozhdestvom], with additions and revisions by the composer and Nikolay Chayev.

Composed February - March 1885 (a revision of Vakula the Smith).

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.

Some numbers also arranged for voices with piano or for piano duet (4 hands) by Tchaikovsky, 1885.

First performed in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 19/31 January 1887, conducted by Tchaikovsky.

女靴鞋

4幕8场歌剧。

剧本由耶科夫·波伦斯基根据尼古拉·果戈里的小说《圣诞夜》而作，由作曲家和尼古拉·查耶夫作有些增加和修订。

作于1885年2月-5月（根据《铁匠瓦库拉》修订）。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，钹，大鼓，琴竖和弦乐组谱曲。

为人声和钢琴或钢琴二重奏（4手联弹）而作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1885年将一些乐段改编的。

1887年1月19日-31日在莫斯科，莫斯科大剧院首演，由柴可夫斯基指挥。

The Enchantress[Charodeyka]

Opera in 4 acts.

Libretto by Ivan Shpazhinsky.

Composed September 1885 - May 1887.

Scored for soloists, chorus, 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.

Also arranged by Tchaikovsky for voices with piano, 1885-87.

First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 20 October/1 November 1887, conducted by Tchaikovsky.

女巫（又译“迷人精”）

4幕歌剧。

剧本由伊凡·施帕津斯基而作。

作于1885年9月-1887年5月。

为独唱，合唱队，长笛3（第3长笛为低音短笛），双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，短号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，钹，大鼓，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为人声和钢琴而作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1885年-1887年改编的。

1887年1月19日-31日在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院首演，由柴可夫斯基指挥。

The Queen of Spades [Pikovaya dama]

Opera in 3 acts and 7 scenes, Op. 68.

Libretto by the composer and Modest Tchaikovsky, after Aleksandr Pushkin's drama.

Composed January - June 1890.

Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, harp, piano and strings.

Also arranged by Tchaikovsky for voices with piano, 1890.

First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 7/19 December 1890, conducted by by Eduard Nápravník.

黑桃皇后

4幕7场歌剧，作品第Op.68号。

剧本由作曲家和莫德斯特·柴可夫斯基根据亚历山大·普希金的戏剧而作。

作于1890年1月-6月。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，短号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，小军鼓，钹，大鼓，竖琴，钢琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为人声和钢琴而作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1890年改编的。

1887年1月19日-31日在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院首演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

Iolanta

Lyric opera in 1 act, Op. 69.

Libretto by Modest Tchaikovsky, after Vladimir Zotov's translation of Heinrich Hertz's drama König Renes Tochter.

Composed July - December 1891.

Scored for soloists, chorus, 3 flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, 2 harps and strings.

First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 6/18 December 1892, conducted by Eduard Nápravník.

约兰达

独幕抒情歌剧，作品第Op.69号。

剧本由莫德斯特·柴可夫斯基根据由弗拉基米尔·佐托夫翻译的海英里希·赫茨《雷内王之女》而作。

作于1890年7月-12月。

为独唱，合唱队，长笛3，短笛，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，大管2，圆号4，小号2，短号2，长号3，大号，定音鼓，竖琴2和弦乐组谱曲。

1892年1月6日-18日在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院首演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

Unrealised sketches and projects

Sketches also survive for a duet scene for an opera on Romeo and Juliet; these were discovered after the composer's death, and probably date from October 1881. The music uses themes from the overture-fantasia on the same subject, and the piece was subsequently completed and orchestrated by Sergey Taneyev.

In July and August 1854 (when he was aged only 14) Tchaikovsky may have begun writing music for an opera Hyperbola [Giperbola] based on a play by his cousin Vladimir Olkhovsky. No sketches for this project have survived.

In December 1869, Tchaikovsky began to write an opera Mandragora, on a subject by Sergey Rachinsky. However, only one scene - the Chorus of Flowers and Insects was composed.

Tchaikovsky received numerous suggestions for possible opera subjects, but he only gave serious consideration to the following:

The Storm after Ostrovsky's play (1864-67).

Alexander the Great, to a libretto by Aleksandr Ostrovsky (1868).

Raymond Lully, to a libretto by Sergey Rachinsky (1870).

Ephraim, a story set in ancient Egypt (1875-76).

Francesca da Rimini, to libretti by Karl Zvantsev and Hermann Laroche (1876-77).

Othello, after Shakespeare's tragedy (1876-77).

Vanka the Steward, based on a play by Daniel Averkiyev (1881).

Sadko (1882).

The Captain's Daughter, to a libretto by Ivan Shpazhinsky (1888).

Bayadera, to a libretto by Ivan Shpazhinsky based on a story by Goethe (1888)

Bela, based on a novel by Mikhail Lermontov, possibly to a libretto by Anton Chekhov (1889).

The Merchant of Venice, after Shakespeare (1893).

设想的草稿和方案

为歌剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》而作的一首二重唱曲草稿同样幸存，这些作品的发现是在作曲家逝世之后，大概的时间在1881年10月，同样题目的音乐主题为序曲-幻想曲而作，随后由谢尔盖·塔涅耶夫完成补写和配器。

在1854年7月-8月，柴可夫斯基5月份已经开始写作歌剧《海普波拉》（吉珀波拉）的音乐作品，根据由他的堂兄弗拉基米尔·奥克霍夫斯基而作的喜剧，这个草稿方案没有幸存。

在1869年12月，柴可夫斯基开始写作一部歌剧《曼陀罗花》，题目由谢尔盖·拉钦斯基作，可是，只写了唯一的一首合唱曲《花与虫》。

被多方面一般承认可能是的柴可夫斯基歌剧题目，而是他认真作过考虑的如下：

《暴风雨》奥斯特洛夫斯基的喜剧（1864-67年）。

《伟大的亚历山大》剧本由亚历山大·奥斯特洛夫斯基而作（1868年）。

《雷蒙德·卢利》剧本由谢尔盖·拉辛斯基而作（1870年）。

《以色列民族》根据远古的埃及故事而作。

《里米尼的弗朗西斯卡》由卡尔·兹范茨夫和赫尔曼·拉罗什编剧。

《奥赛罗》根据莎士比亚的同名悲剧而作（1876-77年）。

《乘务员范卡》根据丹尼尔·埃弗基耶夫的喜剧而作（1881年）。

《萨克奥》（1882年）。

《上尉的女儿》剧本由伊凡·施帕津斯卡亚根据歌德小说而作（1888年）。

《贝拉》根据米哈伊尔·莱蒙托夫的小说而作，也可能是安东·契可夫编剧（1889年）。

《威尼斯商人》根据莎士比亚同名作品而作（1893年）。