归纳类常用词汇：

原因和结果：reason (for), result; cause (of) , effect;  consequence   

异同点与优缺点：difference , similarity； advantage/benefit , disadvantage

功能：function

观点与态度：opinion , view (on/about) , viewpoint , idea ；attitude （to/towards） 

评论、评价：comment (on) , remark (on/upon) , assessment  

表方式、方法：means, way, method (of); solution, approach(to doing sth.);take measures to do sth.

目的：purpose , aim , goal            

积极和消极：positive ,negative; optimistic

建议： advice [u] , suggestion , tip       

概括、总结:  summary , conclusion

特点： feature , characteristic                

种类：kind , type , category , class

精神上与身体上：mentally ，physically

影响 :  influence , impact , effect (on )           

情形 ，状况 :  situation，condition   

建立：build , create , establish , found

出现：appear ,occur(red)                       

实现，完成：reach , realize , accomplish

必要，必需 : must /necessity            

方面，项目条款：item / aspect

材料 : materials                       

知识消息：knowledge / information

日程计划 : schedule / agenda          

百分比：percentage

性别 :sex                                                     

年龄 :  age

满意 :satisfaction                     

忧虑，担忧，焦急 : concern worry,anxiety

(不)熟悉 :familiar /unfamiliar         

个人，个人的: individual

细节 :description , detail                            

文化 :  culture

责任 : (take)  responsibility            

贡献 :  (make) contributions to

重要 : value  importance  significance   

比较 :  contrast  comparison                   

时期 : period / time                                     

存在 :  existence  exist                        

花费 : cost / expense                                   

人口 :  population

天气与气候 : weather[u] / climate [c]        

位置 :  location

主题 : theme                                               

背景 : setting，background

情节 : plot                                                   

高潮 : climax

结尾 :ending                                               

反对者与支持者：supporter, opponent

 

转换类常用句型：

1.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades

2. take advantage of = make use of

3. parental attention = with the help / aid / assistance of parents

4. oppose the move = be against the move = object to = disagree with

5. consider … = take … into consideration / account

6. at the beginning = at first

7. be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for

8. since the beginning of human evolution = throughout human history

9. Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities. = Americans have been migrating south and west for decades, seeking a better job.   / searching /looking for a better job.

10. housing-related reasons = reasons related / linked/relevant to  / connected with housing

11. take an active part in = take part in sth. actively

12. encourage participation in quiet activities = encourage children to participate in / take part in/ play a role in quite activities

13. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones

14.valuable information = information of great value

15.understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.

16.affect = have an effect / influence / impact on sth.

17.matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference

18. kills sb.  = sth. costs sb. sth. = claim one’s life

19. make an apology = apologize to sb.

20.be over = end = put …to an end

21.despite = in spite of

22. share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up

23.online = on the Internet

24.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens

25.list the things that you are good at = list what / all you are good at

26.explain sth. = make an explanation

27.offer sth. to sb. = provide / supply sth. for sb.

28.besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from

29. be better than = be superior to

30. approve of = subscribe to = be in favor / support of = favor sth.

31.have access to = be acceptable / accessible / available to

32.stop = quit = give up

33.compensate for = make up for

34.in part = partly

35.every year = yearly = annually

36.use up = run out of (主动)

37.run out = give out = be used up (被动)

38.be accused of = be charged with

39.most of the people = the majority of the people

40.cater to /for one’s needs / demands /requirements = satisfy / meet one’s ….

41.starve to death = die of hunger/ starvation

42.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary

43.socially responsible = social responsibility

44.sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth .

45.commit oneself to doing sth. = promise to do sth.

46.make full use of = make the most of