英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：
一、部分倒装
就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：
(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。
1.Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system.
A. you can hope    B. you did hope    C. can you hope    D. did you hope
(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (…than), hardly (…when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
(1)hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
(2)not only… but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
2．I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life________ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
3．Not until I began to work ________how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize   B. did I realize   C. I didn't realize   D. I realized
4．No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began　　　　　  B.　has the game begun
C. did the game begin　　　    D.　had the game begun
(三).在so…that, such…that句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
5．So difficult _____it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.
A. I've felt    B have I felt    C. I did feel   D. did I feel
(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
6．________it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were   B. Should    C. Would   D. Will
(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
I like reading English, so does he.
(六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。
　 If you won't go, neither will I.
7.-I don't think I can walk any further.
-________, let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither and I   B. Neither can I   C. I don't think so   D. I think so
(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。
注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
8．________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled       B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled         D. As I have traveled so much
(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。
9．________, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he           B. However he is late
C. However is he late           D. However late he is
二、全部倒装
就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：
(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。
There goes the bell.
Look! Here they come.
这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。
Under the table are three white cats.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
10．Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man    B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat    D. sat a fat man
(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。
(1)形容词+系动词+主语
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)过去分词+系动词+主语
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
(3)介词短语+系动词+主语
In front of the playground is a newly-built house.
(五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
May you all be happy.
答案   1—5 CDBDD        6—10 BBCDD
巩固练习
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped      B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat         D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown     B. Mr Brown in came
C. In came he      D. came in Mr Brown
3. Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat        B. rolled the goat    C. did the goat roll    D. the goat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum?   —_________.
A. There is it     B. There it is    C. There is     D. Here is it
5. —Where is your father?
—Oh, ________.
A. here he comes      B. he here comes     C. here does he come     D. here comes he
6. The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man           B. entered an old man  

C. did an old man enter         D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come  B. comes  C. has come  D. there is
8. Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised      B. advised me     C. did we advise     D. had we advised
9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys    B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room    D. Inside the room was two boys
10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging  B. hanged     C. hang  D. hangs                        
11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier     B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was      D. Among they was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man         B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man             D. where lives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does         B. every one of us does   

C. so does every one of us         D. so do every one of us
14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do         B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you         D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.
—__________.
A. So we were             B. So we did      C. So were we             D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary           B. and Mary doesn’t      C. Mary will either         D. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so am   B. nor am      C. neither do  D. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language        .
A. So it was with Angles       B. So was it with Angles
C. So was Angles             D. So did Angles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man              B. So will a man     C. So it is with a man          D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.
A. had she been in; do         B. she was in; make
C. was she in; take            D. she had been in ; have
21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak                B. did he spoke      C. spoke he                   D. he spoke
22. __________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.
A. Strange so was             B. So strange was     C. Was so strange             D. So was strange
23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change              B. they changed      C. changed they                D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing         B. had I seen      C. I have seen         D. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch       B. are they watching     C. have they watched     D. do they watch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful       B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers       D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he            B. he had finished      C. did he finish           D. had he finished
28.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than        B. they had; when    C. had they; when        D. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made          B. does he make    C. he made             D. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun          B. began he      C. did he begin          D. does he begin