绘画艺术大师系列3——H.R.Giger(异形之父)

标签:
清华美苑异形之父giger异形艺术家插画文化 |
分类: 接近大师 |
H.R.Giger,1940年2月出生于瑞士小城Chur的一个中产阶级家庭,从小对黑暗和奇异的事物就非常感兴趣。大学时代在苏黎世学习建筑专业和工业设计。1966年开始从事室内设计,同期也开始了他的早期的绘画,1969年前在苏黎世开始个人创作,也发表了一些海报,这一时期奠定了他个人创作独特的风格。1978年开始为好莱坞系列电影《异形》做艺术指导,名扬天下。1990年到现在一直在苏黎世继续从事绘画和雕塑创作。
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H.R.Giger于1940年出生于瑞士的库尔(Chur),并在这里度过他的青少年时期。这是一座拥有5千年历史,阿尔卑斯地区北部最古老的城市。25岁时,他就读于苏黎世的School
of Applied
Arts,在一些地下杂志发表过一些作品。开始对弗罗伊德的精神分析理论感兴趣,并坚持写记录梦的日记。
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H.R.Giger
向我们展现的恐怖世界,带有强烈的梦之迷幻色彩。在苏黎世的School of Applied
Arts学习期间,他迷上了弗罗伊德的精神分析理论,并养成了记录梦的习惯。这对他的创作产生了重要的影响。在他的作品里,经常可以看到种种被压抑的欲念以梦般隐喻的形式表现出来。比如,隐藏在黑暗和死亡下的情绪,潜伏着的杀戮欲望以及沉重的罪恶感。
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恐怖与毁灭同为死亡的孪生子,而后者更体现了死亡之永恒本质。1975年,与H.R.Giger相伴9年的妻子Li
Tober因抑郁症饮弹自尽,这给H.R.Giger留下了极大的空虚和痛苦。在其后的很多作品里,H.R.Giger以他独有的表达方式寄托对Li的怀念。在一幅纪念Li的作品里,H.R.Giger的亡妻安详静穆的神态令人难忘。空灵的眼神,骨感的面容,宽阔额头上盘着的蛇,以及点缀发际的骷髅头,无不透着亡灵的尊严。
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在《异型》(Alien)的设计过程中,H.R.Giger对未来工业废墟的描画可谓登峰造极。在荒废的暮霭中弥漫着神秘的恐惧,锈迹斑斑的机械装置,因为具有了生命而轻微地蠕动着,排出令人胆寒的气体和黏液。在《黑暗之虫》(Dark
seed)、《异种》(Species)中,H.R.Giger秉承其一贯的风格,营造出Giger式恐怖而充满毁灭感的氛围。他曾经为著名电脑游戏《沙丘魔堡》进行美术设计,但很可惜没有达成合作,给众多想一睹沙丘诡异风格的游戏迷们留下莫大的遗憾。
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从H.R.Giger作品里透出的毁灭感、神秘感、自虐以及死亡的气息,激发了许多艺术家的创作灵感,并对哥特文化产生了不容忽视的影响。在美国权威摇滚杂志评出的史上百张最佳唱片封面设计中,由H.R.
Giger为Deborah Harry设计的专辑封面和为Emerson, Lake and
Palmer乐队设计的专辑封面名列其中。这两张专辑在音乐和视觉上取得的成就,对于后来的哥特金属(Gothic
Metal)和黑金属(Black Metal)乐队深具启发。
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1969年,作品 Biomechanoids
印刷发行。次年,H.R.Giger经历了他的第一次“恐怖的噩梦”(见作品Necronomicon),并开始在一些作品中使硬质器具呈现出皮肤蒙皮的效果。1975年,相伴9年的妻子Li
Tober因抑郁自尽,给正在有机机械画风(bio-mechanical)逐渐成型的H.R.Giger以沉重的精神打击,并影响了其后来的创作风格。两年后,他在初次美国之行遇到了后来成为他妻子的Mia
Binzanigo.。
1978年,与导演Ridley
Scott合作,担任电影《异型》的美术设计,并因对该片的贡献于1980年获得奥斯卡最佳视觉效果奖,达到事业上的顶峰。
这就是H.R.Giger,一个噩梦的阐释者,废墟的建造者,以及将生命的体验倾注到创作中去的艺术家