数词总结
(2011-07-13 19:30:25)
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数词总结
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如
基数词
一、基数词的表示法
1.
2.
3.
4.
9, 883 nine thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three
65, 359 sixty-five thousand, three hundred and fifty-nine
265, 468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand, four hundred and sixty-eight
60, 263, 150 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty
【说明】①
②
③
④一个数的最高位若为“一”,这个“一”可用a或one表示,但在数字中间的“一”,则只能用one,不能用a:
1600 a [one] thousand and six hundred
6100 six thousand and one hundred
(其中的
⑤
It cost fifteen hundred pounds.
二、用于复数形式的基数词
1.
in the sixties
2.
How many twos are there in ten? 10里面有几个2?
The soldiers marched in tens.
3.
in [by] twos and threes
序数词
一、序数词的表示法
1.
【说明】①
②
③
2.
3.
five hundredth
(500th)
注意:这类词前用数字“一”时,这个“一”只用one,不用a:
one hundredth
二、序数词前使用冠词应注意的两点
1.
It’s the third time I’ve been here.
The second is better than the first.
【说明】①
She was (the) third in the exam.
②序数词用作副词时也通常不用冠词:
He came first.
I’ll have to finish my homework first.
③有些习语中的序数词前没有冠词:
at first
④
his second wife
2.
A second student stood up.
I want to read the book a third time.
序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于,定冠词表特指,不定冠词表泛指,有类似another的意思,但比another
I like the third girl.
I saw a third girl.
数词的应用
一、分数的表示法
分数由基数词和序数构成——分子用基数词,分母用序数,分子超过“1”时,分母用复数:a [one] sixth(1/6), two thirds(2/3), three fifths()3/5)
【说明】(1) 1/2
2.
3.
4.
5.
二、倍数的表示法
表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词:
Half (of) the apples are bad.
His homework is not yet half done.
He eats twice what I eat.
比较以下三句,虽然表达形式不同,但含义相同:
1.
2.
3.
第(1)句和第(3)句的意思比较清楚,但第(2)句常容易误解,有人认为它与其他两句意思不同,应理解为“这根绳子比那根绳子长三倍”,但绝大多数语法学家并不这样认为,而是认为以上三句意思相同。
三、小数的表示法
与汉语一样,小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数按单个数字一一读出。小数点后的0通常读作oh,有时也读作nought或zero,小数点读作point:one point five six(1.56), ten point three oh five
【说明】被大于“1”的小数修饰的名词要用复数,如说
四、百分数的表示法
百分数由基数词(或小数)和百分号(%)组成,百分号(%)读作
【说明】百分数的增长或减少幅度用介词by, 增长到或者减少到用介词to.
五、度数的表示法
摄氏度---degrees,摄氏25度----twenty-five degrees centigrade.
华氏---degrees,华氏25度----twenty-five degrees Fahrenheit.
六、时刻、日期、年份等的表示法
1.
①
②
9:18 eighteen minutes past (after) nine (= nine eighteen)
10:46 fourteen minutes to eleven (= ten forty-six)
以上分钟后带了minutes一词。若“分”为5, 10, 15, 20
8:05 five (minutes) past [after] eight (= eight five)
9:20 twenty (minutes) past [after] nine (=nine twenty)
若“分”为15或45,可借用quarter
6:15 a quarter past
six
【说明】时刻表示法分为12小时编时制和24小时编时制。
2.
【说明】日期与星期排列时,通常是星期在前,日期在后:He arrived on Friday, May 10.
3.
若表示某个年代,则按类似以下的读法:1980s
七、编号的表示
在类似编号的场合,用序数词应放在被修饰词语之前,若用基数词则置于其后:
the First Lesson / lesson one
the sixth line / line 6
但是,在许多情况下,用基数词比用序数词更合适、更方便:
Book One
page 110
在北京路8号at No.8 Beijing Road
八、年龄的表示
(1)
Her daughter is eighteen. 她的女儿18岁。
(2)
Her daughter is eighteen years old. / Her daughter is eighteen years of age. 她的女儿18岁。
(3)
Her daughter got married at the age of eighteen. 她的女儿18岁就结了婚。
(4)
Her 18-year-old daughter is now in the university. 他18岁的女儿现在上大学。
(5)
Her daughter is now a pretty girl of 18. 她女儿现在一个18岁的美少女了。
(6)
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen. 躺在地板上的是一个约莫十七岁的男孩。
(7)
He went to the United States in his fifties. 他五十多岁时去了美国。
九、数学运算的表示
5+6=11
10—2=8
2×5=10
9÷3=3
a>b
a<b
a≈b
a≠b
十、注意事项
1. ◆“一两天”之类的表达
“一两天”可说a day or two或one or two days。但不能说成
◆“一个半”之类的表达
表示“一个半”可用a…and a half或one and a half…
We waited for an hour and a half. / We waited for
one and a
half hours.
◆“每隔几…”的表达法,基数词用复数,序数词用单数
如“每隔一天”的说法有every two days, every second day, every other day,“每隔3天”的说法有every three days或every third day。
◆“另外几…”的表达法,another+数词,数词+ more
如“另加2个星期”可说another / a further two weeks或two other / more weeks。
◆ 习惯表达法
twos
and threes 三三两两
ten
to one
the two of us 我们两个人(就两个人)
2. dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million用法要点
(1).
I want three score eggs.
Two hundred (thousand) students went
there.
About three million workers were on
strike.
注:有人认为
另外,当
The population of New Zealand is now three
million(s).
(2).
I’ve read it dozens (scores) of times.
Thousands of students entered the
contest.
Millions of people died in the war.
注:若不出现名词,则不用介词
Millions (of people) are homeless.
(3).
在那儿我见到了数百外宾。
正:There I saw several hundred(s) of foreign guests.
正:There I saw several hundred foreign guests.
注意
(4).
two dozen of them
three score of these eggs
five hundred of the workers
(5).
The eggs are sold by the dozen.
The ants arrived at the picnic by the
hundred(s).
They were sold by the thousand(s).
比较:Pack them in dozens.
3. 修饰可数名词及不可数名词的词组
(1)只修饰可数名词
A few, few, a couple of, several, quite a few, dozens of , scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, handreds of thousands of, many, a good/great many, many a, a number of, numbers of.
注意:many a 修饰主语名词时,谓语动词用单数。如:Many a students has gone to Beijing.
(2)只修饰不可数名词
A little, little, a bit of, bits of, less, more, much , a great deal of, a large amout of, large amouts of.
(3)修饰可数、不可数名词均可
All, enough, some, any, a pile of, piles of, a mass of, masses of, a heap of, heaps of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantitiy of, large quantities of
注意:疑问、否定中表示“大量”多用many,much, 不用a lot of, lots of. 如:I don’t have much money.
十一. 易错题
1. This is the ------ short story that he was witten.
A. three hundred and forty-fifth
C. three hundredth and forty-fifth
解析:此题是考察序数词345的英文说法,应该选A。因为是表示第多少篇。
2. The price of meat has more than ----- since last year.
A. double
解析:句子简单可以看做The price of
meat has ----- since last year.
肯定是缺少动词,twice不能做动词,所以排除C,D。而has后面不能用原形,必须改成过去分词,所以选B,doubled. More than在这里起到强调作用,表示“多于,不止”的意思。
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