Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister

 

短语归纳：

1. more outgoing                         2. as...as...

3. the singing competition               4. the most important

5. be talented in music                  6. the same as

7. care about                            8. be different from

9. be like a mirror                      10. as long as

11. bring out                            12. get better grade

13. reach for                            14. touch one’s heart

15. in fact                              16. make friends

17. be good at                           18. the other

19. be similar to                        20. be good with

短语用法：

1. have fun doing sth.                  享受做某事的乐趣

2. want to do sth.                      想要做某事

3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as       与…一样…

4. be good at doing sth                擅长做某事

5. make sb. Do sth.                   让某人做某事

6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth..     对某人来说，做某事是……的

 

语法知识：

Is Tom smarter than Sam?                No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.

Is Tara more outgoing than Tina?          No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.

Are you a friendly as your sister?           No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.

Does Tara work as hard as Tina?           Yes, she does.

Who’s more hardworking at school?         Tina thinks she works harder than me.

 

词语辨析：

laugh v. & n.  笑

We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。

We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。

（与at连用）嘲笑

Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。

People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。

Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。

笑；笑声     We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。

though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although

Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。

Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。

注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：

Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）

though   adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。

Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.

 

语法讲解：

形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1．规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法	原级	比较级	最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est	tall（高的） great（巨大的）	taller greater	tallest greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节 词只加-r，-st	nice（好的） large（大的）	nicer larger	nicest largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅 音字母，再加-er，-est	big（大的） hot（热的）	bigger hotter	biggest hottest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -est	easy（容易的） busy（忙的）	easier busier	easiest busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est	clever（聪明的） narrow（窄的）	cleverer narrower	cleverest narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级	important（重要的） easily（容易地）	more important more easily	most important most easily

2．不规则变化

原级	比较级	最高级
good（好的）well（健康的）	better	best
bad（坏的）ill（有病的）	worse	worst
old（老的）	older/elder	oldest/eldest
much/many（多的）	more	most
little（少的）	less	least
far（远的）	farther/further	farthest/furthest

 

 

                           Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater

句型：

1.      It has the biggest screens.

2.      The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.

3.      How do you like it so far?  到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？

4.      Thanks forget telling me.

5.      Can I ask you some questions?

短语：

so far  到目前为止，迄今为止                    no problem  没什么，别客气

have….in common  有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同       be up to   是….的职责

all kinds of    ….. 各种各样的……                  play a role   发挥作用，有影响

make up    编造（故事、谎言等）                for example    例如

take …..seriously      认真对待                   not everybody   并不是每个人

close to 离….近                                  more and more   越来越……

常用法：

Can I ask you some…….  

How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样

Thanks fpr doing sth.

What do you think of ……..

much + 形容词或副词比较级 …….得多

watch sb do sth           观看某人做某事

play a role in doing sth.   发挥做某事的作用

one of +可数名词复数   …..之一……

语法：

What’s the best movie theater to go to ?             Town Cinema. It’s the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?

Which is the worst clothes store in town?            Dream Clothes. It’s worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.

What do you think of 970 AM?                      I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.

 

 

Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?

短语：

find out      be ready to       dress up       take sb. place     do a good job

think of     game show      learn from        talk show          soap opera

go on     watch a movie      one of…..       watch a movie       try one’s best

a pair of       as famous as         look like            around the world    

have a discussion about             one day             such as           a symbol of

something enjoyable               interesting information

句型：

----What do you think of talk shows?

----I don’t mind them.

I hope to be a TV reporter one day.

How about you?

常用法：

let sb. do sth.                                   plan to do sth.

hope to do sth.                                  happen to do sth.

expect to do sth.                                How about doing……

be ready to do sth.                               try one’s best to do sth.

语法：

Do you want to watch the news?                  Yes, I do . / No, I don’t.

What can you plan to watch tonight?               I plan to watch Days of Our Past.

What do you expect to learn from sitcoms?         You can learn some great jokes.

Why do you like watching the news?       Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.

What do you think of talk shows?          I don’t mind them./ I can’t stand them!/ I love watching them!

 

1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析

the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例：

He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.

There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.

the others  特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：

You two stay here, the others go with me.

I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.

other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：

We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.

others  作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：

Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.

another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：

I don’t like this one. Please show me another one.

3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到

Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.

4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义

I wonder what was going on.

翻译：隔壁发生了什么？                                       ？

5.     happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。

Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.

Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事

An accident happened on Park Street.

happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.

Sb + happens to do sth.

I happened to see my uncle on the street.

* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：

Great changes have taken place in China.

The meeting will take place next Friday.

6.     expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：

1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。

I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter.

2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事

Lily expects to come back next week.

3)expect sb. to do sth.

I expect my mother to come back early.

4)expect + 从句  预计……

I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.

7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.

be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真

Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.

be serious about doing sth.   对某事当真 ____He’s serious about selling his house.

                               

 

 

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science

短语：

grow up        every day        be sure about        make sure         send…to…

be able to         the meaning of        different kinds of           the meaning of

in common          at the beginning of         write down         have to do with

take up            hardly ever               too…to…

短语用法：

want to do sth.                    be going to + 动词原形

practice doing sth.                keep on doing sth.

learn to do sth.                   finish doing sth

promise to do sth.                 help sb. to do sth.

remember to do sth.                agree to do sth.

love to do sth.

be going to 的用法

1）  be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。

肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.

否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.

一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他

肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.                   否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.

Are you going to see your friends this weekend?   Yes ,I am.   /    No, I’m not.

特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？

What is he going to do this weekend?   When are you going to see your friends?

2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点

We are going to Beijing for a holiday.

3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。

The bus is coming.              My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.

4) be going to 与 will 的区别：

① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。

Will planes be large in the future?         Yes, they will. /  No, they won’t.

②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。   I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.

③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will.   

I will ten years old next year.

④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.

I’m tired I will go to bed.

⑤ 表示意愿用will.

I’ll tell you the truth.

⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.

语法：

What do you want to be when you grow up?                I want to be an engineer.

How are you going to do that?                       I’m going to study math really hard.

Where are you going to work?                        I’m going to move to Shanghai.

When are you going to start?              I’m going to start when I finish high school and college.

1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：

1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me.

2)promise sb. sth.  _____ My aunt promised me a bike.

3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time.

promise n. 允诺， 诺言

Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.

2.when 与 while 的区别：

when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.

When she arrives, I’ll call you.

while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while  还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。

Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.

Tom is strong while his younger brother is week. 

3. practice vt.  练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。

Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.

常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：

考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.

承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.

避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.

否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.

不禁介意与逃亡： can’t help , mind, escape.

不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.

4. everyday 与 every day 区别

everyday  adj. 每天的   在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework.

every day  副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day.

                              

 

 

Unit 7 Will people have robots?

短语：

on computers           on paper          live to be 200 years old           free time

in danger              on the earth          play a part in sth             space station

look for               computer programmer            in the future          huandreds of

the same…as            over and over again           get bored             wake up

look like               fall down

用法：

will + 动词原形   将要做                        fewer/more + 可数名词复数      更少/更多…

less/more + 不可数名词   更少/更多             try to do sth.  尽力做某事

have to do sth   不得不做某事                  agree with sb.     同意某人的意见

such + 名词（词组）  如此                      play a part in doing sth  参与做某事

make sb do sth        让某人做某事             help sb with sth      帮助某人做某事

There will be + 主语 + 其他   将会有….        There is/are + sb. + doing sth  有…正在做…

It is  + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth  做某事对某人来说…的

语法：

What will the future be like?       Cities will be more polluted. And there will be fewer trees.

Will people use money in 100 years?        No, they won’t. Everything will be free.

Will there be world peace?                 Yes, I hope so.

Kids will stuffy at home on computers.           They won’t go to school.

        Countable   nouns                             Uncountable nouns

 There will be more people.                      There will be more pollution.

 There will be fewer trees.                      There will be less free time.

词语辨析：

1. every 与 each 的区别：

every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj.

every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。 each  adj./ pron.

Every teacher knows her.

There are lots of trees on each side of the road.

Each of the road has a dictionary.

2. on the earth  在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。

All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. /  What on earth do you mean?

3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。

person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。

people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。

man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men.

He was the only human on the island.

There are only three persons in the room.

There are many people there.

Man is stronger than woman.

4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：

seem + 名词  看起来。He seems  a nice man.

seem like    好像，似乎。   It seemed like a good idea at the time.

seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。  I seem to have left my book at home.

It seems/seemed that   看起来好像…, 似乎….    He was very happy.

seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。  She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.

5. probably ad. maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许，大概，可能。作状语.

probably 用于句中，可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow.

maybe/perhaps 用于句首。  Maybe/Perhaps you are right.

6.     during / for / in  介词，在……期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during; 说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用in.

We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.

I’ve been here for two weeks.

They usually leave school in July.

一般将来时结构：

肯定式： 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他          will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称。

         主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他         be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。

否定式： 在will/shall/be 后面加 not.    will not = won’t .

一般疑问句： 将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。

There be 句型的一般将来时：

There will be + 主语 + 其他 ，意为 ：将会有。一般疑问句形式为： Will there be + 主语 + 其他。

肯定回答是： Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there won’t.

否定形式是：There won’t be + 主语 + 其他， 将不会有……

特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句？   When will there be a nice basketball match?

                             

 

 

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

短语：

milk shake         turn on       pour into         a cup of yogurt        a good idea                   

on Saturday        cut up        put into          one more thing         a piece of

at this time       a few         fill…with…       cover…with…         one by one

a long time

短语用法：

How many + 可数名词复数           How much + 不可数名词             let sb. + do sth.

want + to do sth.                 forget + to do sth.               how + to do sth.

There are many reasons for         一段时间 +ago                   by + doing sth.

need + to do sth.                 make + 宾语 + 形容词          It’s time(for sb) + to do sth

First…Next…Then…Finally…

句型：

Turn on the blender.                            How do you make a banana milk shake?

How many bananas do we need?                    How much yogurt do we need?

Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!

语法：

How do you make a banana milk shake?             First, peel the banana.

                                                 Next, put the banana in the blender.

                                                 Then, pour the milk into the blender.

                                                 Finally, turn on the blender.

       Countable nouns                                  Uncountable nouns

How many bananas do we need?                      How much yogurt do we need?

We need three bananas.                            We need one cup of yogurt.

主谓一致判断法：

1.     不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

2.     动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

3.     either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also..连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

4.     在here, there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。

词语辨析：

1.     turn on  打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turn off.   turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。

2.     pour…into…    将…倒入/灌入…    into 是：进入…     in 是：在…内。

在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后，既可用in，也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。

He put all the books in/into the bag.      Come in!

3. 有关make 的短语： make the bed  铺床      make tea   沏茶       make trouble  惹麻烦

make money   赚钱       make a decision  做决定          make a telephone call  打电话

make a visit  拜访      make a mistake   犯错误         make a noise   弄出噪音

make a living   谋生     make sure  务必

4. one more thing = another one thing    基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词

5. fill with 用…填充…  be filled with  = be full of   充满….

The boy filled the bottle with sand.    /   The bag was full of clothes.

6. cover…with…  用…把…覆盖     be covered with   被…所覆盖。  cover n. 封面，盖子。

Ann covered her face with her hands.      /  The cover of the magazine is nice.

7. It’s time (for sb) to do sth.    到某人做某事的时候了。

It’s time for sth.   到做某事的时候了。

 

                               

 

 Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

短语：

on Saturday afternoon        have to           prepare for             go to the doctor

have the flu                 help my parents      come to the party      meet my friend

go to the party             too much homework       go to the movies       another time

last fall           hang out          after school       on the weekend     study for a test

visit grandparents         the day before yesterday        the day after tomorrow   

have a piano lesson       look after      accept an invitation        turn down an invitation

take a trip         at the end of this month         look forward to       the opening of

reply in writing         go shopping        do homework      go to the concert

 not…until

短语用法：

invite sb. to do sth.             What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 （+ 主语 + 谓语）！

help sb. (to) do sth                What + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！

be sad to do sth.                  see sb to do sth  /  see sb doing sth

the best way to do sth.            have a surprise party for sb

look forward to doing sth.          reply to sth/sb.

What’s today?           What’s the date today?          What day is it today?

句型：

Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

Sure, I’d love to.  /  Sorry， I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam.

语法：

Can you come to my party on Saturday?    Sure, I’d love to. /Sorry, I must study for a math test.

Can you go to the movie tomorrow      Sure. That sound great. / I’m afraid not. I have the flu.

night?

Can he go to the party?            No, he can’t. He has to help his parents.

Can she go to the baseball game?   No, she’s not available. She must go to the doctor.

Can they go to the movie?         No, they’re not free. They might have to meet their friends.

词语辨析：

1.     prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。  prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。  /  prepare to do sth  准备做某事。

prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。

get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．)②get sth. ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)

We _____ the mid-term examination.

Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.

2. have the flu 患感冒  have a cold  感冒    have a cough   咳嗽    have a fever  发烧   have a sore throat   喉咙痛    have a headache    头痛    have a toothache  牙痛

3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处  hang on  紧紧抓住     hang about 闲荡  hang up  挂电话，悬挂，挂起

4. catch you = bye bye   catch a cold   感冒    catch sb’s eye  引起某人注意    catch the train  赶上火车

catch up with  赶上，，跟上     catch hold of   抓住

5.accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse。  accept指主观上愿意接受，receive 收到，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。 I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.

6.       turn down = refuse 拒绝    turn up 放大，调高    turn over 翻身    take turns 依次，轮流

7.       help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事  help sb. with sth  在某方面帮助人   help oneself to sth  随便吃

8.       at the end of  在…末尾，在…尽头，  by the end of   到…末为止     in the end of  终于

9.       surprised 形容词，感到意外的，主语是人be surprised to do sth  对做某事感到意外

surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物  The news was surpring.

surprise  名词，惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise        动词，使惊奇，使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.

10.   look forward to  期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。

hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.

hear of = hear about 听说

11.   make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来 =  arrive in time;   Glad you could make it.

商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。 Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.

成功办成某事 = succeed  After years of hard work, he finally made it.

12.   reply  回答，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词  reply to sb/sth.  对…..作出回答。

作及物动词，意为 回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词 to .

answer 是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。

 

 

                      Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

短语：

go to the party      have a great /good time       stay at home       take the bus     tomorrow night

have a class party        have a class meeting         half the class        make some food   

at the party          order food         potato chips       be angry with sb.     give sb some advice

travel around the world      go to college        make（a lot of）money    get an education    

work hard      a soccer player      keep…to oneself      talk to sb.      in life    in the end

be angry at/about sth       make mistakes         in the future       run away    the first step

in half        solve a problem          school clean-up

习惯用法：

ask sb. to do sth        give sb sth.           tell sb. to do sth          too…to do sth

be afraid to do sth.       advise sb to do sth         It’s best (not)to do sth.

need to do sth

语法：

I think I’ll take the bus to the party.                         If you do, you’ll be late.

What will happen if they have the party today?          If they have it today, half the class won’t come.

Should we ask people to bring food?               If we ask people to bring food, they’ll just bring potato chips and chocolate.