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美联社披露美军击毙拉登行动曾出现意外被迫放弃原定计划

(2011-05-17 15:19:58)
标签:

杂谈

当人们通过电视直播看着奥巴马意气风发地向全国通报本·拉登被击毙时,绝不会想到5月2日巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德之夜是何等惊心动魄、险象环生。内幕人士最近向美联社透露了这次行动鲜为人知的细节,其中不乏让人捏汗的场景……

出现意外,放弃原定计划

由于行动之初,其中一架执行任务的直升机因为机械故障而报废,海豹突击队不得不放弃原定的从屋顶和地面上下夹攻的计划,转而改为从地面开始攻击。他们判断拉登就在顶楼,于是一层一层往上搜索,好在判断正确,他们在拉登卧室的走廊外与他打了个照面,随后3名突击队员追着他进入房间将他击毙。

本来,这次突击行动不必面临这么大的不确定性,但美军认为巴基斯坦情报部门一直与塔利班和基地组织有着千丝万缕的关系,生怕突袭拉登的行动被其知晓而功亏一篑,因而始终把巴基斯坦蒙在鼓里。正是源于这种不信任,美军使用了新型隐形直升机以避开巴方的雷达,但因所用新技术的不稳定性,机械故障也就出现了,而且差点使得整个行动功亏一篑。

调兵遣将,行动周密部署

911事件以来,美国在巴基斯坦境内共开展过四次军事行动,但没有一次堪与此次相比。担当重任的是自2001年以来一直在阿富汗搜寻拉登的海豹突击队第六组,两架黑鹰直升机和三架支奴干大型直升机被调遣用于此次行动。

23名突击队员配备一名口译员和一只名叫“开罗”的嗅探犬乘坐两架黑鹰直升机,他们将突入拉登藏身的院落,其中三人负责搜索拉登。三架支奴干直升机上则是二三十名后援队员。

为了尽量不引起注意,两架黑鹰直升机的发动机和尾翼都经过特殊的消声处理;由于消声和隐形装置增加了机身重量,机上的载重不得不算计到以克为单位,而且还要考虑气候因素。

按照计划,两架黑鹰必须在突击队员下机后两分钟内离开,以便给当地人造成直升机是附近巴军例行飞行的错觉。一架直升机上的队员滑降到院子,而另一架的人则落在房顶,随后两架直升机在空中盘旋待命。如果此时巴军赶到,突击队员得在院子里潜伏下来,避免发生正面交火,等待美国政府与巴方紧急沟通。

突击的方式是两组配合、上下夹攻,武器都带有消声装置,任务将在几分钟内完成。之前反复的模拟演练使得突击队员行动相当熟练。

然而,这一切只因一架直升机的机械故障而不能按计划进行了。训练有素的海豹突击队不得不随机应变,去完成他们的任务……

英文原文:

AP sources: Raiders knew mission a one-shot deal

WASHINGTON (AP) — Those who planned the secret mission to get Osama bin Laden in Pakistan knew it was a one-shot deal, and it nearly went terribly wrong.

The U.S. deliberately hid the operation from Pakistan, and predicted that national outrage over the breach of Pakistani sovereignty would make it impossible to try again if the raid on bin Laden's suspected redoubt came up dry.

Once the raiders reached their target, things started to go awry almost immediately, officials briefed on the operation said.

Adding exclusive new details to the account of the assault on bin Laden's hideout, officials described just how the SEAL raiders loudly ditched a foundering helicopter right outside bin Laden's door, ruining the plan for a surprise assault. That forced them to abandon plans to run a squeeze play on bin Laden — simultaneously entering the house stealthily from the roof and the ground floor.

Instead, they busted into the ground floor and began a floor-by-floor storming of the house, working up to the top level where they had assumed bin Laden — if he was in the house — would be.

They were right.

The raiders came face-to-face with bin Laden in a hallway outside his bedroom, and three of the Americans stormed in after him, U.S. officials briefed on the operation told The Associated Press. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity to describe a classified operation.

U.S. officials believe Pakistani intelligence continues to support militants who attack U.S. troops in Afghanistan, and actively undermine U.S. intelligence operations to go after al-Qaida inside Pakistan. The level of distrust is such that keeping Pakistan in the dark was a major factor in planning the raid, and led to using the high-tech but sometimes unpredictable helicopter technology that nearly unhinged the mission.

Pakistan's government has since condemned the action, and threatened to open fire if U.S. forces enter again.

On Monday, the two partners attempted to patch up relations, agreeing to pursue high-value targets jointly.

The decision to launch on that particular moonless night in May came largely because too many American officials had been briefed on the plan. U.S. officials feared if it leaked to the press, bin Laden would disappear for another decade.

U.S. special operations forces have made approximately four forays into Pakistani territory since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, though this one, some 90 miles (145 kilometers) inside Pakistan, was unlike any other, the officials say.

The job was given to a SEAL Team 6 unit, just back from Afghanistan, one official said. This elite branch of SEALs had been hunting bin Laden in eastern Afghanistan since 2001.

Five aircraft flew from Jalalabad, Afghanistan, with three school-bus-size Chinook helicopters landing in a deserted area roughly two-thirds of the way to bin Laden's compound in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad, two of the officials explained.

Aboard two Black Hawk helicopters were 23 SEALs, an interpreter and a tracking dog named Cairo. Nineteen SEALs would enter the compound, and three of them would find bin Laden, one official said, providing the exact numbers for the first time.

Aboard the Chinooks were two dozen more SEALs, as backup.

The Black Hawks were specially engineered to muffle the tail rotor and engine sound, two officials said. The added weight of the stealth technology meant cargo was calculated to the ounce (gram), with weather factored in. The night of the mission, it was hotter than expected.

The Black Hawks were to drop the SEALs and depart in less than two minutes, in hopes locals would assume they were Pakistani aircraft visiting the nearby military academy.

One Black Hawk was to hover above the compound, with SEALs sliding down ropes into the open courtyard.

The second was to hover above the roof to drop SEALs there, then land more SEALs outside, plus an interpreter and the dog, who would track anyone who tried to escape and to alert SEALs to any approaching Pakistani security forces.

If troops appeared, the plan was to hunker down in the compound, avoiding armed confrontation with the Pakistanis while officials in Washington negotiated their passage out.

The two SEAL teams inside would work toward each other, in a simultaneous attack from above and below, their weapons silenced, guaranteeing surprise, one of the officials said. They would have stormed the building in a matter of minutes, as they'd done time and again in two training models of the compound.

The plan unraveled as the first helicopter tried to hover over the compound. The Black Hawk skittered around uncontrollably in the heat-thinned air, forcing the pilot to land. As he did, the tail and rotor got caught on one of the compound's 12-foot (3.6-meter) walls. The pilot quickly buried the aircraft's nose in the dirt to keep it from tipping over, and the SEALs clambered out into an outer courtyard.

The other aircraft did not even attempt hovering, landing its SEALs outside the compound.

Now, the raiders were outside, and they'd lost the element of surprise.

They had trained for this, and started blowing their way in with explosives, through walls and doors, working their way up the three-level house from the bottom.

They had to blow their way through barriers at each stair landing, firing back, as one of the men in the house fired at them.

They shot three men as well as one woman, whom U.S. officials have said lunged at the SEALs.

Small knots of children were on every level, including the balcony of bin Laden's room.

As three of the SEALs reached the top of the steps on the third floor, they saw bin Laden standing at the end of the hall. The Americans recognized him instantly, the officials said.

Bin Laden also saw them, dimly outlined in the dark house, and ducked into his room.

The three SEALs assumed he was going for a weapon, and one by one they rushed after him through the door, one official described.

Two women were in front of bin Laden — yelling and trying to protect him, two officials said. The first SEAL grabbed the two women and shoved them away, fearing they might be wearing suicide bomb vests, they said.

The SEAL behind him opened fire at bin Laden, putting one bullet in his chest, and one in his head.

It was over in a matter of seconds.

Back at the White House Situation Room, word was relayed that bin Laden had been found, signaled by the code word "Geronimo." That was not bin Laden's code name, but rather a representation of the letter "G." Each step of the mission was labeled alphabetically, and "Geronimo" meant that the raiders had reached step "G," the killing or capture of bin Laden, two officials said.

As the SEALs began photographing the body for identification, the raiders found an AK-47 rifle and a Russian-made Makarov pistol on a shelf by the door they'd just run through. Bin Laden hadn't touched them.

They were among a handful of weapons that were removed to be inventoried.

It took approximately 15 minutes to reach bin Laden, one official said. The next 23 or so were spent blowing up the broken chopper, after rounding up nine women and 18 children, to get them out of range of the blast.

One of the waiting Chinooks flew in to pick up bin Laden's body, the raiders from the broken aircraft and the weapons, documents and other materials seized at the site.

The helicopters flew back to Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, and the body was flown to a waiting U.S. Navy ship for bin Laden's burial at sea, ensuring no shrine would spring up around his grave.

When the SEAL team met President Barack Obama, he did not ask who shot bin Laden. He simply thanked each member of the team, two officials said.

In a few weeks, the team that killed bin Laden will go back to training, and in a couple of months, back to work overseas.




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