新编大学英语第二版第五册第三课练习答案

Part One Preparation

1.  Talking about Successful Companies

Step One

Companies	Products
Motorola	mobile phone
Wahaha Group	mineral water, Future Cola, fruit milk
P & G	face cream, soap, shampoo, tooth paste, detergent
Haier Group	refrigerator, air-conditioner, washing machine

Step Two（略）

2. Being a Good Manager（略）

3. Describing Trends

Step One

Words and Phrases that mean

1) “to rise” or “a rise”: an increase, to increase, to go up, to reach a peak

2) “to fall” or “a fall”: a drop, a reduction, a decline, to hit/fall to the lowest point, to decline, to down, to drop

3) “no change” or “no difference”: to remain the same, to remain/stay constant, to remain stable

Adjectives and adverbs that describe

4) a sudden, large change: sharp(ly), dramatic(ally), considerable, considerably

5) a very small change: slight(ly)

6) a regular change: steady, steadily, gradual(ly)

 

Step Two

1) In 1997.          2) 1997-2000.        3) 1994-1995.        4) 1998-1999.

5) 1995-1996.        6) In 2000.          7) In 1995.          8) 1996-1997.

9) 1994-1995 and 1996-1997.              10) In 1994.

Step Three

A Sample Description of Graph 1

     The graph show the fluctuation in a company’s sales to South Asia over a period of twelve months. According to the graph, sales to South Asia increased steadily from 7 million dollars in January to 10 million dollars in May. After this, sales fell dramatically, hitting the lowest point in June at 6 million dollars. There was then a slight increase in July. Between July and September sales stayed constant at a little over 6 million dollars. There was then a sharp rise between September and November with a peak of 11 million dollars in November. After November sales declined significantly to 8 million dollars.

A Sample Description of Graph 2

     The graph shows a company’s exports between 1995 and 2004. exports fell steadily from 15 million dollars in 1995 to 14 million dollars in 1997. Then they went up sharply, reaching a peak of 17 million dollars in 1998. After this, there was a slight decline in 1999. Between 1999 and 2002 exports fell and rose evenly with a plateau around 2001 of 16 million dollars. There was then a steep fall in exports from nearly 17 million dollars in 2002 to 13 million dollars in 2004.

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Identify the Lessons Learned from the Rain Forest

   4) para. 6        5) para. 13       6) para. 21                  

   7) para. 14       8) para. 9      

2.Understanding Specific Information

  1) C  2) B  3) A  4) B  5) C  6) D  7) D  8) B

3. Implication of Business Lessons in the Chinese Context（略）

Vocabulary

1. Match the verbs

              A                                   B

1) pursue                                            6)  opponents

2) adopt                                             2)  a new management system

3) reduce                                            1)  opportunities

4) fulfill                                           8)  profits

5) retain                                            4)  social needs

6) excel                                             5)  independence

7) consume                                           3)  costs

8) earn                                              7)  resources

 

2. Complete each of the following sentences

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the appropriate form of a word in the box. Add a preposition where necessary.

     vital     impact     substitute    adapt      excel      conflict

1)      The resignation of the president has made a significant impact on government policy.

翻译：总统的辞职对政府的政策造成了显著的影响。

2)      Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style?

翻译：你能让你的思维方式适应新的生活方式吗？

3)      Andrew and Rebecca are in conflict over who should be responsible for the accident.

翻译：安德鲁和丽贝卡在谁应该对事故负责上存在分歧。

4)      If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute for you.

翻译：如果你自己不能去，请你找人代你去。

5)      I’ve never excelled in/at diving, although I’ve always been a good swimmer.

翻译：我从来不擅长潜水，尽管我一直是一个不错的游泳者。

6)      The director’s final decision is vital to the future development of this company.

翻译：主管的最终决定对这个公司的未来发展是至关重要的。

3. 1) principle   2)Diversity diversity  3)economy          4)competence  5)myth  

   6)extinction   7)asset                8)competiviveness  9)medium     10)essence

4. Fill in each of the following blanks

Directions: Work in pairs to fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.

   separate     instead     share      try     turn    make    little        else

   need         no          confuse since      own     solve   have          much

    Around five years ago, I received a stack of letters from a class of elementary school students, asking me to do what I could to stop harming the rain forest. The letters 1) confused me at first. We are an electronics company. We 2) have no timber holdings. We make 3) no forest products. We use very 4) little paper or wood. What’s the connection?

    It 5) turned out that they were talking about another company that 6) shares the Mitsubishi name. We’ve been 7) separate companies for 50 years, 8) since 1946. Not subsidiaries, not divisions. Separate. Everyone thinks they 9) own us, or we own them, or somebody 10) else owns us all.

    Long ago, we stopped 11) trying convince people we are separate companies. It’s 12) much easier just to try to do something about the problem 13) instead of worrying about the name confusion. 14) Solving problems and fulfilling 15) needs, after all, is how businesses discover new markets and 16) make new profits. It’s even better if the company isn’t invested in whatever causes the problem—so there’s no trapped capital to lose.

答案：1) confused    2) have      3) no         4) little

      5) turned      6) shares    7) separate   8) since 

      9) own        10) else     11) trying    12) much

     13) instead    14) Solving  15) needs     16) make

 

Part Three Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

  1) B    2) C        3) B        4) B         5) A

  6) A    7) A        8) B        9) B        10) B

 11) C   12) C       13) C       14) A        15) B

 

 

新编大学英语第二版第五册第四课练习答案

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding Friendship in the Four Countries

Country	Distinguishing Features	Supporting evidence	Shared feature
France	1)basically between men	1)Women can’t be friends or “it’s a different thing.”	1)Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2) All people value friendship.   3) Friendship invokes freedom of choice.
		2) The kind of friendship within a group—men and women who have worked together for a long time is not friendship in French eyes.
	2)A one to one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament and particular interests.	Friends draw out each other’s best qualities.	1) Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2) All people value friendship. 3)FriendshipInvokes freedom of choice.
	3)Compartmentalized	1) Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life.
		2)Friendships are not made part of family life.
Germany	More distinctly a matter of feeling	1) Adolescents, boys and girls, form deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk together to share their hopes and fears and dreams.	1) Friendship is related to a whole way of life.
		2) Friends are devoted to each other like brothers or sisters.	2) All people value friendship 3)Friendship invokes freedom of choice.
		3) Deep disagreement on any subject that matters to both is regarded as a tragedy.
England	based on shared activity	1) In the midst of activities, people fall into step—sometimes two men or two women, sometimes two couples, sometimes three people.	1)Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2)All people value friendship 3)Friendship invokes freedom of choice.
		2) Friendship can be picked up where it has been left off as if in the course of dancing.
		3) Friendship won’t be hurt or destroyed by differences of viewpoints or feelings.
America	may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring	1)Friendship involves little personal commitment.	1)Friendship is related to a whole way of life. 2)All people value friendship 3)Friendship invokes freedom of choice.
		2)Friendship can be picked up where it has been left off as if in the course of dancing.
		3)Friendship won’t be hurt or destroyed by differences of viewpoints or feelings.

 

2. Understanding Detailed Information

   1) C      2) B        3) C        4) A        5) D       

   6) A      7) A        8) D        9) A        10) B

3. Talking about Viewpoints on Friendship（略）

Vocabulary

1. Find the odd one out.

Directions: Work in pairs to find the odd one out in each of the following groups of words and state your reasons.

    1) tie        bond              attachment       mutuality

1) mutuality
解析：tie 带子, 线, 关系, 领带, 领结, 平局；bond 结合  (物), 黏结(剂), 联结, 公债, 债券, 合同；attachment  附件, 附加装置, 配属；mutuality 相互关系, 相关

    2) constitute        polish        form         establish

2) polish
解析：constitute 制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命；    polish 擦亮, 发亮, 磨光, 推敲；form 形成, 构成, 排列, (使)组成；establish  建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人民接受, 确定 

    3) keen       sharp        acute         casual

3) casual
解析：keen 锋利的, 敏锐的, 敏捷的, 热心的, 渴望的；sharp 锐利的, 锋利的, 明显的, 强烈的, 刺耳的, 急剧的, 精明的, 敏捷的；acute  敏锐的,  ［医］急性的, 剧烈；casual 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的

    4) gracious         considerable         courteous       polite

4) considerable
解析：gracious 亲切的, 高尚的；considerable 相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的；courteous 有礼貌的；谦恭的；殷勤的；polite 有礼貌的, 客气的, 有教养的, 文雅的

    5) anticipation     expectation     presumption        awareness

5) awareness
解析：anticipation 预期, 预料；expectation 期待, 预料, 指望, 展望；presumption 假定,推测；awareness 知道, 晓得 

    6) tentative             superficial        shallow        profound

6) profound
解析：tentative 试探性的，尝试的；暂时的；superficial 表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的；shallow 浅的，浅薄的；profound 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的 

    7) intellect      temperament         nature        character

7) intellect
解析：intellect 力；才智；理解力；temperament 气质；性情；性格；nature 性格；本性；性质；特性；character 个性；特色；（事物的）特性

    8) devotion      loyalty     commitment      intensity

8) intensity
解析：devotion 献身；专心；奉献；信仰；loyalty 忠诚，忠实；commitment 承诺；约定；约束；责任；intensity 强烈， 剧烈， 强度，亮度 

    9)  intensify      accentuate      enhance       distinguish

9) distinguish
解析：intensify 使强烈；加强；accentuate 用重音读；强调；使更明显；enhance 增加；提高；distinguish 区别, 辨别

    10)  opinion       recognition        argument      comment

10) recognition
解析：opinion 意见；看法；recognition 赞誉, 承认, 重视, 公认, 赏识, 识别；argument 争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点,意见；comment 注释, 评论, 意见

2. Complete each of the following sentences.

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given.

    1) associate

A. You wouldn’t normally_____________ these two writers—their styles are completely different.

B. We are working in _______ with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.

C. He is an __________professor in our university.

A. associate  【译文】正常情况下你不会把这两个作者联系在一起——他们的风格完全不同。
B. association【译文】我们和当地的几家公司共同为无家可归者筹钱。
C. associate  【译文】他是我们大学的一个助理教授。

    2) appreciate

A. She can’t fully _______________ foreign literature in translation.

B. Her husband shows little _______________ of good music.

C. It’s nice to have an _______________ audience.

A. appreciate    【译文】她无法充分地欣赏翻译的外国文学作品。
B. appreciation  【译文】她丈夫很少对好的音乐表示欣赏。
C. appreciative  【译文】有一个有欣赏力的观众真好。

    3) commit

A.Lots of women complain that the problem with men is that they won’t _______________ themselves to a relationship.

B. We’re looking for someone with a real sense of _______________ to the job.

C. She is respected by her colleagues and regarded as a ______________ teacher by her students.

A. commit      【译文】很多妇女抱怨男人不愿受彼此关系的约束。
B. commitment  【译文】我们要找一个真正对这项工作负责的人。
C. committed   【译文】她为她的同事所尊重，被她的学生视为一个负责的老师。

4) particular

A. Linda is _______________ about what she eats.

B. We are _______________ interested to hear from people who speak two or more languages. 

C. European friendship is usually more _______________ than American friendship.

A. particular    【译文】琳达很挑食。
B. particularly  【译文】我们对收到讲两种或多种语言的人的信特别感兴趣。
C. particularized【译文】欧洲人对于友谊通常比美国人分得更具体。 

5) intensify

A. Failure only _______________ Robert’s desire to succeed in the new project.

B. Jack acquired an _______________ desire to stay with Fred to see his mission out.

C. The _______________ of feeling against the new tax law was apparent.

A. intensifies 【译文】失败只能增加罗伯特对新工程成功的渴望。
B. intense     【译文】杰克强烈地渴望和弗莱德留在一起直到任务完成。
C. intensity   【译文】反对新税法的情绪的强烈是显而易见的。

    6) apply

A:applied   B:applications   C:applicants

    7) relate

A. Experts believe that the large number of cancer cases in the area can be directly _______________ to the new nuclear power station.

B. She will get a _______________ to look after the children when she is away.

C. The country has decided to restore full diplomatic _______________ with the United States.

D. We had been together for two years, but both of us felt that the _______________ wasn’t really going anywhere.

A. related         【译文】专家相信这一地区大量的癌症病例可能与新的核电站直接相关。
B. relative        【译文】当她离开的时候她会找一个亲戚照看孩子。
C. relations       【译文】这个国家决定和美国恢复正式的外交关系。
D. relationship    【译文】我们在一起已经两年了，但我们都感到彼此的关系没有什么进展。  

    8) politics

A. He was very interested in ____________ activities at university and went into_________ after graduation.

B. _______________ need a good knowledge of history.

C. The party launched a large scale program to educate and organize the masses _____________.

A. political, politics 【译文】他在大学里对政治活动非常感兴趣，毕业后就从政了。
B. Politicians      【译文】政治家需要有良好的历史知识。
C. politically      【译文】这个党开展了大规模的活动在政治上教育和组织民众。

9) judge

A. I’m sorry I _______________ your motives.

B. _______________ from previous experience, he will be late.

C. Their friendship came to an end as a result of _______________.

A. misjudged   【译文】我很抱歉误会了你的动机。
B. Judging     【译文】从以前的经验来判断，他会迟到的。
C. misjudgment【译文】他们的友谊因一次误会而走向终结。

10) exact

A. This is really an _______________ piece of work.

B. That’s _______________ what they told her to do.

C. The professor chose to express himself delicately and with great _______________ .

A. exacting    【译文】这真是一件要求严格的工作。
B. exactly     【译文】那正是他们告诉她去做的。
C. exactness   【译文】教授决定谨慎而又非常精确地表达自己的看法。

3. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word.

Directions: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary.

    casual         critical        interval        constitute

    mission        sparkle         superficial     temperament 

    vacation (v.)  assume          polish          leave off   

    draw out       draw upon       primarily       strike up

1) Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are in fact very different.

【译文】尽管它们表面上类似，这两部小说实际上是很不相同的。
2) The party was casual, so we all wore shorts and T-shirts.

【译文】聚会很随便，所以我们都穿着短裤和T恤。
3) Nuclear weapons constitute a real threat to world peace.

【译文】核武器对世界和平构成真正的威胁。

4) Do you remember the time when we were vacationing in Hawaii?

【译文】你还记得我们在夏威夷度假的那段时光吗？
5) This was a critical moment in her career.

【译文】这是她的职业生涯的关键时刻。
6) The interval between these two dates is about three months.

【译文】两次约会的时间间隔大约是三个月。

7) John’s got an excitable temperament.

【译文】约翰有一个容易激动的脾气。
8) He is planning to go to evening classes to polish his English.

【译文】他打算上夜校提高自己的英语。
9) Frank is quite different at parties—witty, outgoing, he really sparkles.

【译文】弗兰克在派对上相当不一样——诙谐、外向，他真的活力四射。

10) They sent him on a mission there at the end of the war.

【译文】在战争结束的时候，他们派他到那儿去执行一项任务。
11) There was a short round of applause when the chairman finished his speech. Then a band struck up the national anthem.

【译文】当主席结束他的讲话的时候响起了一阵短时间掌声。接着乐队奏起了国歌。

12) The new responsibilities draw out/ draw upon his potential talents.

【译文】新的责任激发了他的潜能。

13) We drew upon her experience throughout the project.

【译文】我们在整个项目中利用了她的经验。
14) He sat down at the piano again and started playing from where he had left off.

【译文】他又坐在钢琴旁从他停下来的地方开始演奏。
15) This research is concerned primarily with prevention of the disease.

【译文】 这项研究主要和预防这一疾病有关。
16) In his dreams, the mountains assumed enormous importance.

【译文】 在他的梦里，山脉显得极为重要。

Part Three Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

  1) C    2) B        3) B        4) C        5) A        6) B  

  7) C    8) A        9) C       10) B       11) A       12) C