高考英语短文改错分项透析
从句
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (去掉 that,因此处的 in the last five years 为时间状语,其后无需用that) (全国卷)
(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.(I 前加 as,因为 as soon as 为引导时间状语从句的引导词)(全国卷)
(3) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (since 改为 when / if / whenever。从句意上看此处用 since 讲不通,改为 if / when / whenever 均可) (全国卷)
(4) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改为 where,where 在此引导定语从句) (全国卷)
(5) …in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (去掉 where,in other places 在此为地点状语) (全国卷)
(6) …in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (that 改为 which,因介词后要用 which 来引导定语从句) (全国卷)
(7) …and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (whether 改为 if,表示“如果”时,不能用 whether) (全国卷)
(8) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或将 when 改为 that,因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语,故只能用关系代词 that或将其省略) (全国卷)
(9) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改为 which,因此处要填关系代词作主语) (全国卷)
(10) …but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (that 改为 whether,whether 与 or not 搭配,表示“是否”) (全国卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) He is the man his car was stolen.
(2) That’s the hotel which we were staying last summer.
(3) That’s the palace where we visited last summer.
(4) I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again.
(5) In the past few years when we’ve planted thousands of trees along the river.
(6) At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.
(7) He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.
(8) She stayed in France for 10 years. That’s she spoke French so well.
(9) It’s really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.
(10) It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.
【参考答案】
(1) his 改为 whose,whose 在此引导定语从句。
(2) which 改为 where,where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语;此题还可在staying后加in。(from www.nmet168.com)
(3) where 改为 which / that,也可去掉 where,因visit为及物动词,此处应用关系代词作其宾语(也可省略)。
(4)第二个 I 前加 before,此句意为“过了好久我才又睡着”。
(5) 去掉 when,否则全句没有主语。
(6) 去掉 where,否则全句没有主语。
(7) asked 后加 how,否则句意不通。
(8) That’s 后加 why,否则句意不通。
(9) where 改为 which,which 在此引导非限定性定语从句,且在从句中用作宾语(用作 visit 的宾语)。
(10) unless 改为 if,否则句意不通。
·并列连词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来,这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (and 改为 but,因此处语意转折) (全国卷)
(2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. (all 前加 and,表示并列关系) (全国卷)
(3) It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it. (but 改为 and / so,此处表因果关系,并非转折关系) (北京春季卷)
(4) She was smiling but nodding at me. (but 改为 and,因此处并无转折之意) (全国卷)
(5) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (and 改为 or,a visitor 和 a guest 应是选择关系,意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”)
(6) The food was expensive and the service was good. (and 改为 but,此处意义发生转折) (全国卷)
(7) I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won several games. (so 改为 and,表并列关系) (安徽春季卷)
(8) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(but 改为and,此处表示并列,而不是转折) (江苏卷)
(9) So once you’ve started collecting seriously, you… (So 改为 But,因为前后是转折关系) (年浙江卷)
(10) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (去掉but,因前面已有引导让步状语从句的连词 as(=though 虽然),千万不要受汉语句式“虽然……但是……”的影响,而重复用连词) (福建卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) Do you want a bath at once, and shall I have mine first?
(2) Are you going to clean your car before and after supper?
(3) Hurry up, and you’ll be late for school.
(4) She never said she was rich, and she was.
(5) Mr Smith worked very hard so without any success.
(6) Everyone asked me to go, but I went.
【参考答案】
(1) and 改为 or,or 在此表选择。
(2) and 改为 or,or 在此表选择。
(3) and 改为 or,or 在此表示“要不然”、“否则”。
(4) and 改为 but,but 在此表示转折。句中的 she was 为 she was rich 之省略。
(5) so 改为 but,此处语意转折。
(6) but 改为 so,so 在此表示因果关系。
·时态
一、考点规律分析
动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时;或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…(stop改为stopped) (全国卷)
(2) …and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改为 was) (全国卷)
(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the…(hurry 改为 hurried) (全国卷)
(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二个is 改为 was) (全国卷)
(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改为 have)
(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost 改为 costs) (全国卷)
(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will)
(8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改为 was) (全国卷)
(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改为 had) (全国卷)
(10) I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. (learn 改为learned) (全国卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.
(2) I phone the other students a moment ago.
(3) We often played together when we are children.
(4) What are you doing when I called you?
(5) I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl.
(6) She doesn’t hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV.
(7) We’ll stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow.
(8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble.
(9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.
(10) I’ll write to him when I finished the book.
【参考答案】
(1) tell 改为 told,因句中有表过去的时间状语just now(刚刚)。
(2) phone 改为 phoned,因句中有表过去的时间状语a moment ago。
(3) are 改为 were,因主句谓语为一般过去时。
(4) are 改为 were,因从句谓语为一般过去时。
(5) see 改为 saw,因下文用了 were talking。
(6) doesn’t 改为 didn’t,因下文用了 was watching。
(7) 去掉if从句中的 will,因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
(8) 去掉 will,因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
(9) is 改为 was,因主句中的hurt为一般过去时。
(10) finished 改为finish,或在 finished 前加 have。即在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来意义,但这里也可用现在完成时表示完成。
·主谓一致
一、考点规律分析
从广义来说,英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面,如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等,所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (was 改为 were,因先行词 two men 是复数,所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数) (全国卷)
(2) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (give 改为 gives,它与makes 为平行结构,构成并列谓语动词) (全国卷)
(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (is 改为 are,因主语是 my picture and the prize,故谓语动词要用复数) (全国卷)
(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改为 are,因其后的 mysteries 为复数,故谓语动词要用复数) (北京春季卷)
(5) But not all information are good to society. (are改为is,因为主语是不可数名词information,表单数) (广西卷)
(6) So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. (cost改为costs,因主语是单数a concert,根据全文用的都是现在的时态,故用一般现在时) (年四川卷)
(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (are改为is,因为在there be结构中的be用is还是用are,由紧跟在be后的那个名词的单复数来决定,此处no need是单数,所以用is) (四川卷)
(8) …you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors’ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. (exist改为exists,因主语which是指the Stamp Collectors’ Club,这是单数,所以用exists) (浙江卷)
(10) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (was改为were,因为主语their parents是复数,所以不用was要用were) (年福建卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) Her parents were in Shanghai, and so was his.
(2) As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.
(3) The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.
(4) Writing English and speaking it is different things.
(5) It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bicycle.
(6) What he said at the meeting were very important to us.
【参考答案】
(1) was 改为 were,因其主语 his 为 his parents 之略,为复数。
(2) are 改为 is,句子主语为动名词短语 remembering English words故其谓语动词要用单数。
(3) was 改为 were,police 作主语时,谓语动词总是用复数。
(4) is 改为 are,因句子主语为复数。
(5) wants 改为 want,此句为强调句,强调的是主语 the parents and their son,为复数。
(6) were 改为 was,名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
·动词用法
一、考点规律分析
此考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改为 lay,lie 表示“躺”时,其过去时是 lay) (2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改为 seen,因为从含义上看,此处谓语应用被动语态) (全国卷)
(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改为 kept,因此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)
(4) …and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been,因从句意上看,此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)
(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改为 come,由句意可知) (全国卷)
(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词) (全国卷)
(7) I’d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根据句意此处应加 be / become) (全国卷)
(8) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或将 What 改为 What’s,此句缺谓语) (全国卷)
(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (use to 改为 used to,此为习语,意为“过去经常”) (全国卷)
(10) I was used to watch it every night. (去掉 was,因 used to do sth 是固定表达,意为“过去常常做……”) (全国卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) I want to know how long the book can be keep.
(2) Don’t worry. Your child is well looking after here.
(3) All the invitations must sent out today.
(4) You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting.
(5) The public have a right to know what in the report.
(6) What the English for this? Can anyone tell me?
(7) He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer.
(8) He is a nice girl. You’re certain to happy with her.
(9) I use to play tennis a lot but I don’t play very often now.
(10) He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be.
【参考答案】
(1) keep 改为 kept,根据句意,此处应用被动语态。
(2) looking 改为 looked,根据句意,此处应用被动语态。
(3) sent 前加 be,根据句意,此处应用被动语态。
(4) invited 前加 be,根据句意,此处应用被动语态。
(5) what 后加 is 或 将 what 改为 what’s,因此句缺谓语动词。
(6) What 后加 is 或 将 What 改为 What’s,因此句缺谓语动词。
(7) to 后加 be或be come,其意为“成为”。
(8) to 后加 be,happy 用作 to be 的表语。
(9) use 改为 used,used to 意为“过去经常”。
(10) 去掉 was,used to 表示今昔对比,be used to 表示“习惯于”。
·非谓语动词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词),并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形)等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (wanted 后加 to,因为want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)
(2) …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (getting 改 get,因为 get 与其前的go 并列) (3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (leading 改为 lead,因为其前有助动词 would) (全国卷)
(4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (stood 改为 stand,因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构) (全国卷)
(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (climbed 改为 climb / climbing,若将 as well as 视为连词,则将 climbed 改为 climb,因为它与其前的 do 并列;若将 as well as 视为介词,则 climbing,因为介词后动词用动名词) (全国卷)
(6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (去掉live 前的 to,因为 live 与其前的 know, have 并列) (全国卷)
(7) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加to,to improve…为表目的的不定式短语) (全国卷)
(8) …you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改为sending,因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)
(9) …and let you to know when the book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to,因为其前有动词 let) (全国卷)
(10) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改为having,因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.
(2) It’s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.
(3) It was silly of you believe what he said.
(4) He was made wash the boss’s car once a day.
(5) I’ll let you to know as soon as I hear from her.
(6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention.
(7) I have already seen the film twice. I don’t want see it any more.
(8) What I want know is when all this happened.
(9) It was clear that he wanted be alone.
(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.
【参考答案】
(1) work 前加 to,此句为 force sb to do sth 的被动形式。
(2) learn 前加 to,此句用的是 it’s difficult for sb to do sth 句型。
(3) believe 前加 to,此句用的是 it’s silly of sb to do sth 句型。
(4) wash 前加 to,make sb do sth 中的 do 不能带to,但若 make 用于被动语态,则其后的 do 要带 to。
(5) 去掉 to,因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to。
(6) attract 前加 to,fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”。
(7) see 前加 to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
(8) know 前加 to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
(9) be 前加 to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
(10) listen 改为 listening,介词后接动名词作宾语。
·介词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改为 on,insist on 为固定搭配) (全国卷)
(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改为 of,catch sight of是习语
(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for,go for a walk 是习语) (全国卷)
(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改为 with,要表示对某人生气,英语习惯上用be angry with sb) (全国卷)
(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for,因其前的 get 是及物动词) (全国卷)
(6) …and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改为 books on,此处的 on 意为“关于”) (全国卷)
(7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that,因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句,无需用介词) (全国卷)
(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改为 of,注意句型 It’s kind of sb to do sth) (全国卷)
(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (去掉 in,在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中,一般可直接用作时间状语,无需加 in, on, at 这样的介词) (全国卷)
(10) We practise for three times every week. (去掉 for,在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) We must serve for the people heart and soul.
(2) I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.
(3) Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.
(4) I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.
(5) In English class, we often talk each other in English.
(6) Don’t talk. What the man says is well worth listening.
(7) The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.
(8) She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.
(9) I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.
(10) Are you glad to be going to back to school?
【参考答案】
(1) 去掉 for,serve 表示“为……服务”,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(2) 去掉 into,enter 表示“进入”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(3) 去掉 with,marry 表示“与……结婚”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(4) 去掉 of,a great many后可直接跟名词,无需用介词。但若其后的名词有the, these, my 等表特指的限定词,则要用介词 of,如 a great many of my friends。
(5) talk 后加 to,因 talk 为不及物动词。
(6) listening 后加 to,因what the man says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语。
(7) sit 后加 on或 in,因为从逻辑上说就是 sit on/in the chair。
(8) insisted 后加 on,insist 后可接从句作宾语,但不接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,遇此情况应用 insist on。
(9) 去掉 to,因 ask 是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。
(10) 去掉 back 前的 to,因 back 是副词,其前不用介词。
·形容词与副词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)
(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改为 really 或 real,若改为 really,则修饰 tall;若改为 real,则修饰 building) (全国卷)
(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改为 tallest,因从含义上看此处应是最高级) (全国卷)
(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉 more,因为 longer 本身已是比较级,不能再受 more 修饰) (全国卷)
(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改为 However,因此处语意转折) (全国卷)
(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改为 as long as,其意为“与……一样长”) (全国卷)
(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as,因as ... as 结构(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改为 what)
(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉 much,因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级,尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)
(10) I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful,因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) I’ll try to be more carefully next time.
(2) China is much more bigger than the United States.
(3) There are few boys than girls in our class.
(4) He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.
(5) The more money you make, the most you spend.
(6) He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.
(7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.
(8) In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.
(9) Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!
(10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try?
【参考答案】
(1) carefully 改为 careful,用形容词作表语。
(2) 去掉more,more 不能修饰比较级。
(3) few 改为 fewer,注意句中的 than。
(4) 将 much 改为 more,或在 much 后加more,此句涉及 skiing 与 skating 的比较。
(5) most 改为 more,the more…the more… 意为“越……越……”。
(6) frightening 改为 frightened,frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”;frightened表示“感到害怕的”。
(7) real 改为 really,修饰形容词用 really,不用 real。
(8) difficult 改为 difficulty,用名词形式作介词 without 的宾语。
(9) asleep 改为 sleeping, asleep 为表语形容词,不用于名词前作定语。
(10) well 改为 good, nice 等,taste 在此为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。
·冠词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an,因 hour 读音以元音开头) (2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改为 a,因此处并非特指,而是泛指) (2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the,因这里的 books 表泛指,不表特指) (全国卷)
(3) Good health is person’s most valuable possession. (person’s 前加 a,这里的 a 表泛指) (全国(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (去掉 the,因health 表泛指) (全国卷)
(5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a,因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用 a) (全国卷)
(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改为 the,因从含义上看,此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的) (全国卷)
(7) Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family. (a 改为 an,因 American 的(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the,captain 为特指) (全国卷)
(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (the 改为 one,one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个……另一个”) (全国卷)
(10) I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a,该表达与 have a good time 类似,其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
(2) It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
(3) It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.
(4) My friend Mary comes from an European country.
(5) Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
(6) In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else.
(7) Only few of the children can read such books.
(8) For long time neither of us spoke to each other.
(9) Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.
(10) Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.
【参考答案】
(1) nurse 前加 a,因 nurse 为可数名词。
(2) such 后加 a,dinner 受形容词修饰时,其前通常要加不定冠词。
(3) a 改为 an,因 umbrella 的读音以元音开头。
(4) an 改为 a,因 European 的读音不是以元音开头。
(5) physics 前加 a,因 teacher 为可数名词。
(6) small 前加 a,因 village 为可数名词,在句中表泛指。
(7) few 前加 a,因其前有 only 修饰,即习惯上说 only a few。
(8) long 前加 a,a long time 意为“很长一段时间”。
(9) a 改为 the,此处为特指用法。
(10) 第二个 A 改为 The,特指前面已提到的事物。
·代词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (去掉 it,因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复) (全国卷)
(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. (head 前加 his,汉语可“摇头”,而英语的习惯要说 shake one’s head) (全国卷)
(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. (They 改为 We,前后人称不一致) (全国卷)
(4) And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I. (I 改为 me,介词后的人称代词要用宾格) (5) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. (去掉 both。因 both 与后面的 two 意义重复,况且词序安排也不对) (全国卷)
(6) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his 改为 their,因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家”,是复数意义) (全国卷)
(7) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. (they 改为 we,根据句意,主从句的主语应该一致) (全国卷)
(8) Now I can’t watch much television, but a few years ago… (去掉 much,因为从下文看作者现在根本就不看电视) (全国卷)
(9) Now someone at home reads instead. (someone 改为 everyone 或 everybody。从全文语义来看,应为“每一个人”) (全国卷)
(10) I’m spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (去掉 all, 与 whole 重复)
三、模拟单句演练
(1) Here are some letters for you and he.
(2) She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.
(3) Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.
(4) Everyone here gets up earlier than her does.
(5) Here is my dog. It’s name is Petty.
(6) He opened mouth as if to say something.
(7) Don’t lose your heart. Try again.
(8) The Smiths have been married, but have no children of his own.
(9) I tell him everything, for he is a good friend of me.
(10) He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.
【参考答案】
(1) he 改为 him,因与you并列用作介词 for 的宾语。
(2) she 改为 her,因用作动词 keeps 的宾语。
(3) it 改为 them,因它指代前面的cats。
(4) her 改为 she,因其后有动词 does。
(5) It’s 改为 Its,it’s = it is / it has,而 its 意为“它的”。
(6) mouth 前加his,按英语习惯,此物主代词不能少。
(7) 去掉 your,比较:lose heart意为灰心,lose one’s heart意为爱上。
(8) his 改为 their,因其前相应的名词 the Smiths(史密斯夫妇)表复数。
(9) me 改为 mine,a friend of 后习惯上名词性物主代词,不接人称代词的宾格形式。
(10) 将 her hand 中的 her 改为 his,句意为“他对她笑了笑,把他的手放在她手上”。